R Shane Tubbs

..Application of this postoperative analgesia protocol may benefit children and adults in whom various similar neurosurgical procedures are required...

..05). Additional knowledge regarding the C1 dorsal roots, ganglia, and rami may be of use to the clinician who treats various pain syndromes including medically and surgically intractable occipital neuralgia...

..Although seemingly rare, the clinician should consider CM-I in the differential diagnosis in pediatric patients presenting with acute brainstem or long tract signs...

..To locate the optimal keyhole site, previous studies have used superficial landmarks that, in our experience, are not always visible or consistent on older crania...

..These data may be of use, for example, to surgeons using subtemporal operative approaches through regions where this vessel is concealed...

..The authors speculated that this entire segment of the VA could be reached with equal efficacy via the posterior cervical triangle (PCT)...

..Nerves in the vicinity of the axillae have been commonly used for neural grafting procedures, with the exception of the lower subscapular nerve (LSN)...

..Facial nerve injury with resultant facial muscle paralysis is disfiguring and disabling. To the authors' knowledge, neurotization of the facial nerve using a branch of the brachial plexus has not been previously performed...

..Clinicians and anatomists should be aware of the discrepancy often found in the literature between these two terms...

..Additionally, the relationships between such an artery and other structures within the cavernous sinus should be understood by the neurosurgeon who operates in this region, e.g., transsphenoidal approaches to the skull base...

..Additionally, this patient was found to have a large lipoma of the anterior fontanelle. The clinical course and outcome of this patient is presented and relevant literature reviewed...

..These data may be of use to surgeons who operate this region so that attention to preservation of such fibers may be of less importance...

..The aim of this study was to verify this same finding in a group of patients with occult spinal dysraphism (that is, closed neural tube defect)...

..His anatomic treatise was printed under the title Vidi Vidii: Florentini de anatome corporis humani libri VII in a posthumous edition (1626). We report what is known regarding this historical figure of both early anatomy and medicine...

..It is on the shoulders of such great pioneers as Emanuel Swedenborg that we base our current understanding of the nervous system...

..In this context, the ulnar nerve branches to the forearm muscles are relatively dispensable; however, quantitation of and landmarks for these branches are lacking in the literature...

..The goal of the current study was to provide easily recognizable superficial bone landmarks for identification of the PIN...

..In the present study the authors seek to elucidate further the surgical anatomy of this structure...

..Physical examination revealed a winged scapula. MRI was demonstrative of a Chiari I malformation with a small cervical syrinx eccentrically placed to the same side as the dysfunctional extremity...

..The authors describe a technique in which the cervical portion of the vagus nerve is exposed during procedures such as neuroma resection or, more commonly, during the placement of a vagus nerve stimulator...

..To our knowledge, autologous clavicle has not been explored as a potential source for cervical fusion. Therefore, the following study was performed to verify the utility of this bone for these procedures...

..We believe this is the first report of such a simultaneous occurrence...

..To our knowledge, this variation has not been previously reported. The embryological and surgical implications of this finding are discussed...

..Occasional comments are found in the literature regarding patients with lipomyelomeningocele and concomitant Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I). The object of this study was to explore the association between these two conditions...

..Interestingly, other venous structures within the falx cerebri have received scant attention in the medical literature. The present study was performed to elucidate the presence and anatomy of these midline structures...

..This rare variation might be considered by the clinician who operates in the cervical region or interprets imaging of the neck. To our knowledge, a vagus nerve with the above described morphology has not been described...

..As neck pain is a significant reason for physician office visits, additional knowledge of the nerves innervating the joints and adjacent meninges of the neck could be important for both surgical and medical blockade of nerve fibers...

..The ligaments of this region, for the most part, have been thoroughly investigated, except for the lateral atlantooccipital ligament (LAO), which is not described in most modern texts...

..We believe this to be the first report of an indirect inguinal hernia involving the urinary bladder in a cadaver. This also seems to be the first description of such a hernia via a patent canal of Nuck in an adult...

....

..Results of a surgical biopsy were consistent with BFH. At the most recent follow-up examination--18 months postoperatively--the child was noted to be asymptomatic with no gross increase in tumor size...

..e. the middle meningeal veins) posteriorly. No other variations or obvious pathology were identified intracranially or extracranially. Knowledge of such a venous variation may be of use to the clinician...

..The clinician may contemplate the wide array of muscular anomalies within the infratemporal fossa when considering unexplained neurological symptoms attributed to branches of V3 and pursue appropriate diagnostic testing...

..Based on our findings, the function of the oblique cord appears insignificant in providing significant stability to the proximal forearm; however, further investigative studies are now necessary to confirm these data...

..To our knowledge, our study is the first to perform a detailed histological analysis of the tectorial membrane. We hope that these data are useful to the clinician who investigates this ligament of the craniocervical region...

..The authors hypothesized that children with preoperative Chiari I malformation and an absent gag reflex may harbor pharyngeal musculature atrophy identifiable on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging...

..To further elucidate the importance of anatomic variations in morphology of the foramen magnum and associated clinical implications, we conducted a morphometric study...

..Although seemingly rare, the tensor fascia suralis muscle may be considered by the clinician in the differential diagnosis of masses over the posterior lower extremity...

..Neurologically, the child is normal with no decreased range of motion about the cervical spine. After a review of the literature, this seems to be only the sixth reported case...

....

..The present study aimed to elucidate such anatomical relationships...

..Muscle hypertrophy of this geometrical area and fascial bands within it have been implicated in compression of the axillary nerve...

..The present study was performed to help the surgeon minimize postoperative complications of nerve decompression at the wrist...

..It is our hope that this collection will serve to assist the surgeon who operates in this region of the body...

..Although the anatomy and function of these ligaments have been well described, those of the Barkow ligament (BL) have yet to be studied...

..6 cm, 7 cm, and 2.25 mm, respectively. Such data may be of consequence to clinicians who rehabilitate posterior thigh musculature or surgeons who operate this region...

..Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversionary methods are fraught with complications (eg, infection, obstruction, and CSF malabsorption at the distal site)...

..As muscle variations may compress the median nerve while in the carpal tunnel, the clinician should be aware of such a variation...

..Our hopes are that these data will be useful during clinical and surgical procedures of these regions and act as a single, concise source for such information...

..Moreover, the pattern of these connections among individuals harboring normal, pre-, and postfixed brachial plexuses, to the authors' knowledge, has not been explored...

..3, and 4.1 cm, respectively. Additional measurements between the parts of the sphenoid ridge and surrounding anatomical structures may assist the surgeon who operates in this region or the clinician who view imaging of this anatomy...

..To the authors' knowledge this muscle variation has not been described as having an attachment onto the talus thus the term 'peroneotalocalcaneus muscle' is proposed...

..Such neural variations should be considered when evaluating injuries to the nerves of the upper extremity (Fig. 2, Ref. 5)...

....

....

..In this paper, the neurological contributions, with a brief mention of challenges, delivered during the 17th century by this influential historical physician will be highlighted with an emphasis on the impact each contribution made...

..To further elucidate its morphological characteristics, the present cadaveric study was performed...

..The following is a review of Battle's background and his contributions to medicine, specifically his observations associated with basilar skull fractures...

..Information regarding the petrosal nerves may assist those who observe or operate at or near the skull base. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of these structures...

..The authors undertook a cadaveric study to evaluate the C-4 contributions to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus...

..1831-1904) are underrepresented in the literature. DISCUSSION: The present paper will discuss the life and writings of this pioneer of the neurosciences who expanded our knowledge of neurohistology and neuroembryology...

..The present study was conducted in order to prove or disprove such a theory...

..The inclusion of thrombosis in the clinical picture of this syndrome is not only incorrect but may leave one with the impression of therapeutic futility, thus possibly preventing successful surgical or endovascular therapy...

..CONCLUSION: Unfortunately, this is an area in which the literature is lacking. With this case as a nidus, studies are now necessary to determine the range of time necessary for Chiari I malformation-related hydromyelia to resolve...

..We present three patients who developed infratentorial supracerebellar hygromas causing acute hydrocephalus after posterior cranial fossa decompression...

..We previously determined the success of HN stimulation in controlling epileptiform activity in a canine model study. The present study assessed the ability to extrapolate the ease of surgical dissection and surrounding anatomy to humans...

....

..The authors report a case of three brothers...

..e. herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum). Finally, it seems that no single theory could explain all forms of the Chiari malformation, and that this malformation might be a heterogeneous entity...

..Needle biopsy in these cases may prove lethal. We believe this to be the first description of this complication in a cadaver...

..Descriptions of the velum interpositum (VI) are typically brief and lacking detail in most neuroanatomical and neurosurgical texts. As this structure may be involved clinically or encountered surgically, the present study seemed warranted...

..This case underlines a rare but serious risk involved with the routine placement of CSF shunts...

..To the authors' knowledge, autologous scapula has not been explored as a potential source for posterior lumbar fusion graft material. Therefore, the following study was performed to verify the utility of this bone in these procedures...

..Various hypotheses have been made regarding the embryology of this unusual form of spinal dysraphism, and these are reviewed along with the common clinical manifestations of this intriguing pathological entity...

..Clinicians diagnosing or treating patients with weakness or pain of the posterior arm should consider anomalous muscles in this region that may result in neurovascular compression...

..However, only one patient in our review was found to have consequences thought to be related to their arteriovenous malformation, which was in the upper thoracic region and not related to a lipomyelomeningocele...

..Malfunction of cerebrospinal shunts is common and due to multiple etiologies. We hypothesize that opening of the spinal dura may prompt shunt failure in select individuals with previously unrecognized tenuous shunt function...

..The authors performed the present study to elucidate further the detailed anatomy of the first cervical nerve and review its clinical relevance...

..Because perineal pain syndromes can be disabling and pudendal nerve surgical decompression/block is often not efficacious, an anatomical study of this cutaneous nerve of the perineum seemed warranted...

..The clinician should be aware of the potentially devastating results following a lap-belt injury in which a Chance fracture is produced...

..The clinician must have a thorough understanding of this anatomy before correct therapeutic maneuvers can be implemented...

..Furthermore, clinicians who image the posterior abdominal wall should be aware of this potential anomaly when interpreting the anatomy of this region...

..e., Chiari I malformation, Pierre Robin syndrome, and caudal regression syndrome). Further case reports as this may shed light on the dysembryology that results in each of these diagnoses...

..Therefore, a working knowledge of the distribution and significance of such VA branches may be advantageous to the surgeon. To date, quantitation of these branches is lacking in the literature...

..The sternoclavicular joint is of clinical importance. However, there is scant information in the literature regarding one ligament of this area, the costoclavicular ligament (CCL)...

..The present study measures the posterior fossa volume in children with rickets to verify previous case reports indicting a small posterior fossa as the cause for an increased rate of CIM in children with rickets...

..The ligaments of this region, for the most part, have been thoroughly investigated, with the exception of the accessory atlantoaxial ligament...

..Further case reports are necessary to discern whether these pathological entities are true low rate associations that the clinician should consider in their evaluation of these patients...

..Multiple variations of functional hemispherectomy have been performed since its inception by Rasmussen. Long-term follow-up for these variations is lacking in the medical literature...

..This historical paper, now printed in full, may very well be one of the earliest descriptions of this association. It offers a unique window into the early cause-and-effect thinking regarding this neurosurgical lesion...

..Additionally, knowledge of these variations is important surgically; for example, anomalous veins that ought to be ligated during surgery for varicocele go unnoticed and result in recurrence of the varicocele...

..Accidental cranial deformation or mild forms of intentional cranial deformation may be encountered by the clinician or anatomist. We review the literature regarding intentional manipulation of the human cranium...

..To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete agenesis and not simply diminution of the facial artery with compensatory enlargement of the transverse facial artery...

....

..Neurotization to proximal branches of the brachial plexus using the contralateral long thoracic nerve (LTN) has, to the authors' knowledge, not been previously explored...