Ming Tsuang

..However, our failure to find genetic association suggests that the differential expression of ERBB3 in schizophrenia may be environmentally driven, or involve cis- or trans-acting genetic factors beyond the boundaries of the gene itself...

..The search for underlying genes and genetic mechanisms is at an early stage, but shows promising candidate genes and genetic approaches for future studies...

..Here we report association studies between bipolar disorder and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RORA and RORB...

..This strategy will then allow the formation of more homogenous treatment groups to use in developing early intervention and prevention strategies in the not-too-distant future...

..quot; We concluded that studies of SWB and health should continue to distinguish between explicitly religious variables and others that more closely approximate the psychological construct of personal well-being...

..We therefore propose that blood cell-derived RNA may have significant value for performing diagnostic functions and identifying disease biomarkers in schizophrenia and BPD...

..If replicated, these results identify PTSD as a risk factor for smoking that should lead to early tobacco control treatment in this population...

..Our data are most consistent with a mechanism of reciprocal causation, whereby MD increases risk for AD and AD increases risk of MD...

..All measures had specific unique environmental influences. Results indicate that well-being is genetically and environmentally multidimensional and that ill-being has partial overlap with both latent factors...

..The findings suggest CD increases risk for trauma exposure and PTSD among male veterans through direct and indirect mechanisms. Veterans who have a history of CD are at high risk for trauma exposure and development of PTSD...

..The goal of this study was to investigate associations between empirically defined dimensions of spirituality, personality variables, and psychiatric disorders in Vietnam era veterans...

..Recent studies indicate a strong association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nicotine dependence (ND). However, the explanation for the association remains unclear...

..A family based association study in a British sample found the NOTCH4 gene to be associated with schizophrenia; however, all six replication studies failed to confirm the finding...

..We examined the contribution of genetic effects associated with ASPD to the comorbidity of MD and substance use disorders...

..The strong evidence of diagnostic validity for the prodromal risk syndrome for first psychosis raises the question of its evaluation for inclusion in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition)...

..We report initial results from the COGS dataset of auditory N100 amplitude and gating as candidate endophenotypes...

..Previous studies document neuropsychological deficits associated with stimulant abuse, but findings are inconsistent...

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..Exploration of the genetic architecture of specific endophenotypes may be a powerful strategy for understanding the genetic basis of schizophrenia...

..We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in the MTL during novel and repeated word-pair encoding...

..The results of these studies have been equivocal due to small sample size and low power. This meta-analysis has the aim to evaluate the collective evidence for an association between the VTNR polymorphism and schizophrenia...

..Shared genetic variance across the 2 dimensions explained 67% of their phenotypic correlation (r = .52). These findings have implications for conceptualizations of the etiology of PTSD and its location in an empirically based nosology...

..Further research is required to determine whether similar mechanisms underly the neurocognitive deficits in these disorders...

..We used data from that type of study to assess the co-occurrence of various psychiatric and medical disorders with DSM-IV BED and with subthreshold BED...

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..Further research is required to determine whether similar mechanisms underlie the neurocognitive deficits in these psychotic disorders...

..Transgenic mice overexpressing CRH exhibit BI-like behaviors, implicating this gene in the development of the phenotype...

..To address this issue, the authors ascertained 606 Han Chinese families comprising 1,234 affected members...

..The authors' goal was to evaluate the collective evidence for an association between the Val158/108Met polymorphism of the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and schizophrenia...

..These differences add to the growing literature identifying neurobiological vulnerabilities to schizophrenia...

..The primary aim of this manuscript is to describe the treatment histories of a large cohort of individuals who entered into one of seven prodromal research programs in a North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study consortium...

..Cognitive deficits are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but whether such deficits reflect sequelae or risk factors is not fully resolved...

..Longitudinal assessments are underway to elucidate the direction of the associations and the genetic underpinnings of longitudinal phenotypes for changes in cortisol and brain morphology...

..Genetic studies now often employ multiple, geographically dispersed test sites to accommodate the need for large and complex study samples. Here, we assessed the feasibility of using PPI in multi-site studies...

..Evaluation of individuals at high genetic risk of schizophrenia is a powerful method for identifying precursors of the illness...

..Rather, we believe that our results suggest that some properties of this particular test make it undesirable for use as an endophenotype...

..Longitudinal analysis will be needed to determine whether the degree of genetic and environmental influences changes for different ROIs from midlife to later life...

..Findings extend Kendler and colleague's (1993) study of female twins by demonstrating in men that shared genetic factors predispose not only to major depression and daily smoking but also to major depression and nicotine dependence...

..The genetic influences that were specific to reading span were concluded to most likely reflect an executive function component. Implications for genetic studies of aging and prefrontal brain function are discussed...

..Many case-control association studies have been performed to see if BDNF could serve as a useful clinical diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but results have been equivocal...

..Future studies should exploit DNA-based methods and molecular investigations on the role of SELENBP1 in order to gain insights into the nature of its influence on schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms...

..Overall, these results strongly suggest that differences in current neuropsychological function in schizophrenia are attributable primarily to current IQ instead of to IQ trajectory over time...

..However, few studies have investigated the specificity of the transmission of schizophrenia-psychosis spectrum (SPS) disorders and affective psychoses (APs) or observed high-risk offspring into mid-adulthood...

..The different phenotypic and genetic factor results suggest that relying solely on the former could obscure genetic associations...

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..25-2.0 mg). Thus, clinical deficits in schizotaxia may be identifiable, and to a significant extent, reversible. Implications for the conception of schizotypy and the prevention of schizophrenia will be discussed...

..Further research-probably including neuroimaging and genetic studies-will also be needed to determine the validity and the utility of this strategy for identifying neuropsychological profile types...

..Because age at onset may have utility in resolving the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder, the authors sought to identify chromosomal loci that harbor the genes influencing this trait...

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..The effects of other genes, environmental effects on DNA methylation, or different methods of classification may be the causes for such heterogeneity, but more study in this area is needed...

..Further, it remains unknown if this polymorphism, or one in linkage disequilibrium with it, contributes to some distinct feature of the disorder, such as symptom severity or anticipation...

..In this review, the authors update the conceptual basis of schizotaxia, consider evidence for its validity, and look toward its likely evolution in the future...

..Two predictions of the ASD hypothesis were tested: that ASD, taken as a single entity, would aggregate in families and that MDD would coaggregate with other forms of ASD in families...

..48 < rs < .79). These results mirror a literature that overall suggests a small degree of disproportionate semantic fluency impairment in schizophrenia, but also some heterogeneity in fluency deficits...

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..Ascertainment criteria for controls may markedly influence results and interpretation of group differences...

..Results provide preliminary support for further exploration and validation of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for methamphetamine (METH) dependence reported among Asian populations across other ethnic/ancestral groups...

..Educational advancement may be slightly slowed by this familial vulnerability, but results were equivocal with regard to attenuation of one's ultimate educational attainment...

..The small but significant effects of the 44-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism for BP is consistent with being one of many genes that contributes to the multi-factorial nature of these psychiatric disorders...

..Our results suggest that shared environmental factors in families with low parental education have long-lasting effects on word recognition ability, well beyond any critical period for developing reading proficiency...

..To evaluate this further, we genotyped additional families for this marker and a panel of markers encompassing the CRH locus...

..Our findings suggest that dysregulation of the UPS, specifically ubiquitin conjugation and deubiquitination, may point to a possible underlying biological mechanism for severity of positive but not negative symptoms...

..These results illustrate the utility of a unique covariance structure modeling approach that yields important new knowledge for understanding the nature of schizophrenia...

..Early detection and prospective evaluation of clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals who may develop schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders is critical for predicting psychosis onset and for testing preventive interventions...

..Future research should continue to examine psychotic forms of mood disorder using both epidemiological and molecular approaches...

..Given that in the United States a higher proportion of females attempt suicide, and the higher proportion of males successfully commit suicide, it is possible that COMT is related to the lethality of suicide attempts...

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..Findings provide preliminary evidence of UPS dysregulation in BPD and psychosis as well as support further investigation of the UPS and other molecular and cellular pathways for potential biomarkers for SCZ, BPD, and/or psychosis...

..Persons with BD and RELs exhibit altered activity in the frontopolar cortex and insula, which may represent biomarkers of genetic risk for BD...

..T'ai chi practice is related to increased emotional well-being in various clinical populations; however, relatively little is known about t'ai chi's effects on somatic versus cognitive symptom dimensions of depression in HF...

..We conclude that using volume in a genetically informative study, or as an endophenotype for a disorder, may confound the underlying genetic architecture of brain structure...

..We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data comparing subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls performing a 2-back working memory (WM) task, addressing the effects of task performance...

..Further studies with a larger sample set would be required to validate these preliminary observations...

..While the analyses are ongoing, the most positive findings were made in different isolated pedigrees on chromosomes 17p11, 3q24, and 22q for schizophrenia and on chromosome 12q for nonspecific mental retardation...

..Information on the heritability of the development of alcohol dependence could provide a better understanding of the importance of genetic components in disease transition...

..Such findings help prioritize genes for future case control studies. In addition, we provide a novel permutation method that is useful in future analyses involving a single hypothesis, with multiple candidate genes...

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..Future research on this sample will evaluate the prospective roles of family history and perinatal complications on cognition, and assess the specificity of these findings...

..Our results fail to support the RGS4 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia when evaluated from these three SNP markers...

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..A study at higher genotyping density across the regions of interest and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses are currently underway...

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..The degree to which a common genetic liability explains the etiology of the MD-PTSD association has not been quantified and has important implications for research and prevention...

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..This replication suggests that altered thalamic activation is a feature of neurobiological risk for schizophrenia...

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..e., in limbic-diencephalic, paralimbic and cortical regions, and white matter tracts). This study has important implications for understand2ing the etiology and development of schizophrenia. ..

..Findings of heritable deficits in specific measures will be used to guide the next generation of studies of the genetics of schizophrenia. ..

..All genotypes will be available one year after they are generated, but no later than a year after the end of the funding period. We are submitting this proposal using the RO1 mechanism. ..

..The enormous health and financial costs of illicit drug abuse, both to the individual and to society, underscores the pressing need for such research. ..

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..Also, by capitalizing on an existing clinical infrastructure and an efficient screening and assessment protocol, we will obtain a well-powered sample in a very rapid and cost-effective manner. ..

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..This, and Millennium's prior genotyping experience shows that the genotyping phase of the work is feasible. ..

..Finally, measures of cerebral laterality will be used to contrast subjects with schizophrenia and subjects with affective disorder...

..Achievement of the second goal will help clarify which brain abnormalities in schizophrenic patients can be attributed to neurodevelop-mental events prior to onset and which are due to neurodegeneration after onset. ..

..Also, by capitalizing on an existing clinical infrastructure and an efficient screening and assessment protocol, we will obtain a well-powered sample in a very rapid and cost-effective manner. ..