Albert Stunkard

..It has been proposed that the primary determinants of body weight at 1 y of age are genetic background, as represented by parental obesity, and low total energy expenditure...

..Although the prevalence of these 2 eating disorders is relatively low, both are associated with significant distress and dysfunction that can be ameliorated with effective treatment...

..A case study and an open-label trial with SSRIs suggest that they may treat NES effectively. Randomized controlled trials are needed...

..In conclusion, research on NES supports the validity of the diagnosis and its inclusion in DSM-V...

..This model of NES attests to the validity of the diagnosis of NES and the criteria by which it is identified, and it provides an explanation of the mechanism...

..To ascertain the predictors of body size at 2 y of age...

..To test a novel method of facilitating pharmacotherapy at a distance and assess the effectiveness of sertraline for the treatment of night eating syndrome (NES)...

..Binge eating disorder (BED) and the night eating syndrome (NES) have been linked to obesity. This review summarizes their characteristics, implications of their diagnoses and treatment outcomes...

..Current evidence favors the serotonergic system and this view is strongly supported by the great effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of NES...

..To describe the evidence for the constellation of symptoms known as binge eating disorder (BED) and to evaluate the utility of this diagnosis...

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..DISCUSSION: The pattern of cumulative energy intake of the night eaters suggests a phase delay in energy consumption relative to sleep-wake times. NES may involve a dissociation of the circadian control of eating relative to sleep...

..Disordered temporal eating patterns are a feature of a number of eating disorders. There is currently no standard mathematical model to quantify temporal eating patterns...

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..Thus, a rapid eating style, characterized by increased mouthfuls of food/min, may be a behavioral marker for the development of childhood obesity...

..The younger age of the nonobese subjects suggests that the NES may contribute to the development of obesity...

..To determine the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES) among applicants to the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study...

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..Study 3 compared scores from obese bariatric surgery candidates with and without NES and found appropriate discriminant validity of the NEQ. The NEQ appears to be an efficient, valid measure of severity for NES...

..Increased intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice has been associated with overweight in children...

..Young children adjust their short-term intake in response to variations in energy density (ED; kcal/g) from preloads in laboratory studies. It remains unknown whether this compensation also occurs under free-living conditions...

..The authors conclude that deep brain stimulation should be strongly considered as a promising therapeutic option for patients suffering from refractory obesity...

..Behavioral factors were identified as useful discriminators of NES. Future work should also examine psychological factors in conjunction with those identified here...

..The association between eating in the absence of hunger and weight and obesity risk status depended on adolescents' sex and could reflect emerging developmental differences, such as dieting or social desirability...

..Indeed, bright light therapy has shown efficacy in reducing night eating in case studies and should be evaluated in controlled clinical trials...

..Further research is needed to identify characteristics of obese patients at risk of negative mood changes (and suicidal ideation) in response to behavioral and pharmacologic therapies...

..To propose criteria for diagnosis of the night eating syndrome (NES)...

..Familial risk for obesity, through either genetic or environmental pathways, may facilitate a more energy-dense diet...

..02). This first clinical trial of CBT for NES shows significant improvements in the core aspects of NES and weight reduction, suggesting the need for a controlled treatment trial...

..To assess the prevalence of night eating syndrome (NES) and binge eating disorder (BED) and their related behavioral and psychological correlates in persons who sought bariatric surgery...

..To test the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome...

..Parental feeding styles were linked to child weight in cross-sectional studies, which were unable to test the direction of effect. Prospective studies can best establish causal relationships among such variables...

..The contribution of familial factors to adiposity in children is poorly understood...

..Night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by evening hyperphagia and frequent awakenings with ingestion of food. It is associated with obesity and depressed mood. Greater understanding of hormonal influences on NES is desirable...

..This practice is likely to limit therapeutic benefits...

..This study assessed the prevalence of night eating syndrome and its comorbid psychopathology in a psychiatric population...

..This evaluation provides strong evidence for the distinctiveness of the BED and NES constructs and highlights their clinical significance...

..The primary aim of this study was to compare children born at high vs. low risk for obesity with respect to EAH at 5 years of age...

..This study examined the extent to which the night eating syndrome (NES) affects first-degree relatives of NES and control probands...

..The authors assessed the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome...

..To assess the prevalence of night eating syndrome (NES) and binge eating disorder (BED) and their related behavioral and psychological correlates in persons who sought bariatric surgery...

..It remains unknown whether the sleep disturbance precedes the abnormally timed eating...

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..These findings, in conjunction with the therapeutic response of NES to sertraline, indicate that the serotonin system is involved in the pathophysiology of NES...

..02). In conclusion, most patients reported that their doctors did not identify or treat NE, which led to dissatisfaction with their care...

..Attitudes across ethnic groups were compared. In addition, these findings were compared with data showing severe stigmatization of obesity among children...

..Stigmatization of overweight children is highly prevalent. However, the measurement of stigma has varied widely across studies. An up-to-date version of a commonly used measure of weight-related stigma is needed...

..This study examined treatment recipients' perception of the effectiveness of different components of a group self-help, continuing-care treatment program for obesity...

..These findings provide further support for the research diagnostic construct and make a case for the importance of shape/weight overvaluation as a diagnostic specifier...

..This article critically reviews the most common methods for assessment of appetite and the effects of selected food constituents on appetitive sensations. Translation of current knowledge to dietetic practice must be made cautiously...

..The prevalence of childhood obesity more than doubled in the period from 1961 to 2001. We replicated a 1961 study of stigma in childhood obesity to see what effect this increased prevalence has had on this stigma...

..The high level of IPR in the PC fraction in contrast to the other lipid fractions suggests strong genetic influence over selection of specific FA for this membrane fraction independent of diet...

..This information will be gathered upon subjects' entry into the Look AHEAD trial and again at six months and one year into treatment to assess the stability of the diagnosis. ..

..Our ultimate objective is to identify behaviors that contribute to adiposity and that might be modified in programs of prevention and treatment. ..

..Exploratory analyses will include correlation among the behavioral variables (food intake, mood, and nighttime awakenings) and the neuro-endocrine variables to explore determinants of the clinical picture. ..

..She will develop a manual for the treatment of the NES in consultation with the Beck Institute and will test its efficacy. ..