Michael Stern

..Subsequently, we performed bivariate multipoint linkage analysis to detect common loci influencing covariation between these two traits...

..This excess prevalence of diabetes appears to account for the enhanced all-cause and CVD mortality in subjects with the MetS. However, these results will need to be confirmed in other populations...

..1%), sensitivity (81.3%), and specificity (76.3%). Thus, insulin-resistant individuals can be identified using simple decision rules that can be tailored to specific needs...

..We therefore sought to compare this syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, to the Diabetes Predicting Model and the Framingham Risk Score as predictors of type 2 diabetes and CVD, respectively...

..Our objective was to compare the performance of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and multivariate models incorporating commonly available clinical variables in their ability to predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..The linkages that have been replicated thus far provide good starting points to search for functional variants in type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes...

..Because clinical trials have indicated that diabetes is preventable by using behavioral or pharmacologic interventions, less expensive methods of identifying high-risk persons are needed...

..Results were similar whether all diabetics were included in the analyses or only those who were not under treatment with oral antidiabetic agents or insulin...

..Definitive clinical trials on the benefits and risks of insulin therapy related to macrovascular complications are lacking and urgently needed...

..This excess risk was confined to U.S.-born Mexican Americans, since immigrants from Mexico had very low mortality despite low socioeconomic status. We attribute this latter finding to a "healthy migrant effect."..

..These correlations are thought to reflect primarily nutritional inadequacies during fetal and early life. We explored familial influences on these correlations...

..We sought to assess insulin secretion/insulin resistance index in predicting the risk for future type 2 diabetes..

..2). In conclusion, we found substantial evidence for susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6 and 7 that appear to influence the factors representing the IRS-related phenotypes in Mexican-Americans...

..The topic remains controversial, however, and additional studies are required, particularly among women and minority populations...

..This index may reflect other aspects of diabetes pathogenesis in addition to IR, which might explain its strong predictive abilities despite its moderate correlation with direct measures of IR...

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..23, 103-109 cM; a maximum bivariate LOD of 4.51 was found for the trait pair HDLC and LSPI (the LODeq score is 3.94)]. We observed evidence of pleiotropic effects in this region on obesity and insulin-related trait pairs...

..In conclusion, we found significant evidence of major genetic determinants of symptomatic GBD on chromosome 1p in Mexican Americans...

..To validate the ability of the Archimedes model to accurately predict the risk of developing diabetes in individuals...

..After controlling for 1-h plasma glucose concentration, the increase in FPG concentration is not associated with an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes...

..069), were significant in all 13 remaining strata. These findings raise the question whether AS use might be fueling--rather than fighting--our escalating obesity epidemic...

..Nevertheless, the impact of pulse pressure on the relationship between prehypertension and mortality is not known in individuals who are free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease...

..87 and 3.76, respectively. In summary, we report evidence for linkage to diabetes on chromosome 3p in a region previously identified in at least three independent populations...

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..The aim of this study was to investigate the association of this mutation in the SAFDGS with risk for diabetes...

..3 to 2.7. Thus, we have found strong evidence for a major gene on chromosome 6q that influences variation in birth weight in both Mexican- and European-Americans...

..02, RR 1.64). These data provide evidence that variation in the TCF7L2 genomic region may affect risk for type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans, but the attributable risk may be lower than in Caucasian populations...

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..In conclusion, the variants examined at GREM1 are not significant contributors to variation in ACR in Mexican Americans, although they appear to minimally influence risk factors related to ACR...

..However, these results indicate that ENPP1 is a genetic determinant of these traits in this population, and are consistent with multiple positive association findings in independent studies in diverse human populations...

..98). These preliminary results provide evidence for association of SNPs in the NPY5R gene with dyslipidemia (elevated triglyceride concentrations and reduced high-density lipoprotein levels) in our Mexican American population...

..Obesity drives the diabetes epidemic. However, it is not known which obesity index best explains variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence across populations...

..In conclusion, of the genetic polymorphisms examined at the eNOS locus, only 27bp-VNTR appears to be a minor contributor to the variation in T2DM-related traits in Mexican Americans...

..We examined whether B-mode ultrasound-detected carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was elevated before the onset of clinical diabetes...

..Contrary to the prediction of the "Hispanic paradox," in the San Antonio Heart Study, Mexican Americans were at greater risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and coronary heart disease mortality than were non-Hispanic Whites...

..To examine the relationship between markers of systemic inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls...

..In conclusion, we identified a major genetic locus influencing BMI on chromosome 4p in Mexican Americans...

..Here, we summarize the latest results from our ongoing efforts to identify obesity genes in the San Antonio Family Heart Study...

..In contrast to the commonly used quantitative marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, namely intima-media thickness, we investigated the extent to which the presence or absence of carotid artery plaque (CAP) was under genetic control...

..A replication study in an independent set of Mexican American families confirmed the existence of a QTL on chromosome 9p...

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..The variance attributed to this SNP accounted for approximately 25% of the logarithm of odds. These results suggest that this variant within the MGEA5 gene may increase diabetes risk in Mexican Americans...

..We examined the effects of blood pressure (BP), weight, and weight gain on hypertension risk in two similar ethnic origin populations, subjects in Mexico City and Mexican Americans in San Antonio...

..quot; We examined the relationship between ethnicity and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) with diabetes...

..Although we cannot conclude definitively that these differences are genetically driven, our results suggest no relationship between Spanish genetic admixture and the deficit in hypertension prevalence in Mexican-origin populations...

..To compare the expression of the metabolic syndrome in Spain and San Antonio, TX, two populations with major differences regarding their cardiovascular risk profile...

..No obvious candidate genes occur in these regions. Our results indicate that genes are an important component of side preferences, and suggest chromosomal regions for further investigation...

..We also examined the effect of genotype by diabetes interaction (G x DM) on the detection of linkage to address whether genetic effects on GFR differ in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects...

..To evaluate the extent to which levels of physical activity and nutrient intake aggregate in families, and secondarily, to assess the repeatability of these behavioral measures over a 5-year period...

..To examine the influence of obesity and prevention of weight gain on the incidence of type 2 diabetes...

..The objective was to provide an overall assessment of genetic linkage data of BMI and BMI-defined obesity using a nonparametric genome scan meta-analysis...

..We estimated the incidence rates of hypertension in a low-income Mexican population according to several subcategories of baseline BP within normal and prehypertensive categories...

..In the San Antonio Heart Study we examined the relationship between gender, the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-MetS) and diabetes and their ability to predict CHD mortality...

..As GGT signals oxidative stress, the association with diabetes may reflect both hepatic steatosis and enhanced oxidative stress...

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..Efficient detection of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is needed to implement type 2 diabetes prevention interventions...

..We conclude that, within a 3-year time frame, the onset of diabetes is very often rapid rather than gradual and is in part explained by a fall in glucose-stimulated insulin response...

..Thus, we sought to determine whether variation in the human SORCS1 gene was associated with diabetes-related traits...

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..The International Type 2 Diabetes Linkage Analysis Consortium was formed to localize type 2 diabetes predisposing variants based on 23 autosomal linkage scans...

..New knowledge in identifying and understanding the role of susceptibility gene(s) will provide valuable information that could help develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies...

..They will also employ a novel statistical functional genomics approach to localizing functional variants and polymorphisms exhibiting the highest disequilibria with the putative susceptibility loci. ..

..The investigators note that this will aid in the interpretation of data relating to possible ethnic differences in cause-specific mortality based on death certificate coding. ..

..The phenotypes to be considered in these analyses are NIDDM, the quantitative traits, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels, and a risk score derived from a predictive model for NIDDM...

..5 LOD support interval. Furthermore, the utilization of a novel statistical functional genomic analysis (Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide analysis) should enhance the final stage of identifying the specific variants involved. ..