M L Slattery

..Our data suggest multiple pathways to colon cancer. They do not support a unique role for dietary folate, alcohol, vitamins B(6) and B(12) and methionine in a CpG island methylator phenotype...

..This study provides further support for inflammation-related factors in the etiology of CRC. Other studies are needed to explore other genes in this and other inflammation-related pathways...

..These data suggest that PPARgamma may be associated with many aspects of colorectal cancer including insulin- and inflammation-related mechanisms...

..An insulin-related pathway to breast cancer has been hypothesized...

..The incidence of breast cancer varies among women living in the Southwestern part of the US. We evaluate how body size influences breast cancer risk among these women...

..Given the limited information available on what causes Ki-ras mutations, the information generated from this study indicates that these factors previously associated with colon cancer work through other disease pathways...

..39, 0.78 for men; OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.67 for women). In summary, physical activity was associated with reduced risk of rectal cancer in these data. The reduced risk was similar to that previously observed for colon cancer...

..It seems prudent to avoid consuming partially hydrogenated fats, since no increased risk was observed for the cis form of fatty acids, while suggestions of increased risk from trans-fatty acids exist for subsets of the population...

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..02 and <0.01 respectively). These results suggest differences in risk factors for NHW and Hispanic women. However, they provide only minor support for the role of the AR and ESR1 gene in the etiology of breast cancer...

..Confounding and effect modification are examined to better understand the physical activity and colon cancer association...

..These data do not support the hypothesis that the P12A PPARgamma polymorphism is associated with colon or rectal cancer through regulation of energy balance...

..In this paper, we describe physical activity patterns of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women living in the southwestern United States and the effects of these patterns on obesity...

..Associations between colon and rectal cancer and intakes of vegetables, other plant foods, and fiber have stimulated much debate...

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..The associations between diet and cancer in American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations are not well understood...

..These data support the association between smoking and colon and rectal cancer. Smoking may have a greater impact on colorectal cancer risk based on CYP1A1 genotype; this might further be modified by GSTM1 for rectal cancer risk...

..For these analyses, women were classified as estrogen positive or negative, based on menopausal status and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)...

..The risk associated with VDR genotype seems to depend upon the level of dietary calcium and vitamin D and tumor site...

..We hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms of insulin receptor substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2), IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 alter colorectal cancer risk because of their roles in the insulin-related signaling pathway...

..We explore the associations between aspirin/NSAIDs, the insulin-related pathway, and the risk of colorectal cancer...

..It has been estimated that 12-14% of colon cancer could be attributed to lack of frequent involvement in vigorous physical activity...

..These differences could be due to the combined effects of genetic and behavioral factors which could account for ethnic differences in the risk of breast cancer and other chronic diseases...

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..CONCLUSIONS: These data provide support that diet and cigarette smoking may be associated with specific disease pathways, although GSTM-1 and NAT2 do not independently appear to alter susceptibility to these diet and lifestyle factors...

..It is unknown whether lifestyle factors associated with colon cancer, such as physical activity, body size, cigarette smoking, or use of aspirin and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, contribute to MSI in sporadic tumors...

..HRT in these older women may, again, reduce the risk of unstable tumors. A model for the way in which estrogens (endogenous, exogenous, and obesity-associated) modify the risk of MSI+ tumors is proposed...

..We conclude that microsatellite instability in sporadic colon cancer is associated with an improved prognosis at the population level...

..We therefore determined by genetic criteria the colon cancer burden associated with HNPCC in a population-based study of 1066 individuals from Utah and California...

..Very few studies have evaluated the effect of MSI-H on rectal cancer survival. We assessed MSI-H and other genetic and epigenetic changes on survival of 990 individuals diagnosed with first primary rectal cancer...

..We assessed the association of dietary patterns and macronutrient composition with overweight and obesity in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women...

..These data suggest that components of a Western-style diet such as high consumption of red meat and foods that increase glycemic load are associated with a p53 disease pathway...

..01), while among postmenopausal HAI women, physical activity interacted with body mass index (p value, 0.04). These data suggest that physical activity is important in reducing risk of breast cancer in both NHW and HAI women...

..We also evaluate diet and lifestyle factors associated with developing colorectal cancer among participants with a positive family history...

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..Most other dietary factors do not appear operate exclusively in the MSI+ disease pathway...

..The lack of an association does not rule out the possibility of other genetic polymorphisms interacting with cigarette smoke to cause colon cancer, nor does it take into account individual phenotypic variability...

..4, 95% CI = 0.9-2.3; women OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-3.8). Findings from this study provide only limited support for previously reported associations between dietary factors involved in DNA methylation and risk of colon cancer...

..However, except for beta-carotene, little is known about how dietary carotenoids are associated with common cancers, including colon cancer...

..However, we were less likely to be able to extract DNA if the case was diagnosed at a more advanced disease stage or at the earliest disease. Potential bias from exclusion of those with the most advanced disease stage is discussed...

..This association may be influenced by GSTM-1 genotype. Furthermore, exposure to cigarette smoke of others may increase risk of rectal cancer among men who do not smoke...

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..However, both physical activity and energy intake were significantly associated with rectal cancer risk. These data suggest that energy expenditure and energy intake alter rectal cancer risk through mechanisms other than energy balance...

..A family history of colorectal polyps also increased risk by about the same amount as a family history of colorectal cancer. The increased risk associated with a family history of polyps did not appear to decrease with age...

..Polymorphisms in these microsatellites, however, limit their utility in determinations of microsatellite instability without corresponding normal DNA...

..However, the presence or absence of microsatellite instability has a major effect on the expression of this phenotype...

..These data suggest that in the early years post-diagnosis, breast cancer survivors exhibit similar patterns to the general population in many health behaviors...

..These results suggest that the codon 1,822 variant of the APC gene may have functional significance. Individuals who have the valine/valine variant of this gene may be at reduced risk of colon cancer if they eat a low-fat diet...

..We further hypothesize that androgens may have similar effects in men given the decline in colon cancer risk associated with BMI with advancing age...

..80, 95% CI = 0.56-1.15). These data offer only limited support for a protective effect of vitamin E and colon cancer after adjustment for other health and life-style factors...

..We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) around the time of diagnosis, weight change post-diagnosis, and breast cancer prognosis in a prospective cohort study of 1,692 breast cancer survivors...

..We conclude that the 6A TGFBRI allele is not associated with an increased susceptibility to colon cancer at the population level, and that the 6A/6A homozygote is not restricted to individuals with some form of cancer...

..Similar associations with family history were noted among men diagnosed at younger ages for MFA, linolenic acid and 20-carbon PFA...

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..The study has focused on involvement of American Indian and Alaska Native communities in development and implementation and on provision of feedback to participants and communities...

..We examined the association between NSAID use and breast cancer recurrence in a prospective cohort of 2,292 early-stage breast cancer survivors diagnosed from 1997 to 2000 participating in the Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) Study...

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..This study provides some support for associations between TS genotype and colon cancer tumor characteristics...

..The possible interaction with hormone-replacement therapy warrants additional investigation...

..Age at diagnosis, family history, and alcohol use did not interact with MSH6 G39E and CIMP. The MSH6 G39E germline polymorphism may be associated with CIMP+ colon cancer...

..Our results highlight the importance of designing studies so that interactions can be addressed...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity following diagnosis and treatment with the risk of breast cancer recurrence and mortality and all-cause mortality in women with early-stage breast cancer...

..The increased risk of colon cancer limited to men eating less than three times per day may be due to uncontrolled confounding...

..To examine differences in low energy intake reporting between intervention and control groups during a dietary intervention trial...

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..Associations differed by estrogen status for beta-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin E. These results suggest that vitamin E and lycopene may modestly reduce the risk of rectal cancer in women...

..Advantages gained by sequencing are its ability to examine specific mutations and the improved ability to discriminate between cases with p 53 mutation and wild type when evaluating associations...

..1, 95% CI = 1.3-3.4 versus AA/high risk; P-interaction = 0.03). These results provide only limited support for a role of polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism in the etiology of CIMP colon cancer...

..71; 95% CI, 2.89-15.6). Our results suggest that the ERbeta gene is more important than ERalpha in the etiology of colorectal cancer...

..01 for colon and 0.04 for rectal). These data suggest a relationship between VDR genotype and factors related to energy balance in modifying colorectal cancer risk...

..Based on a small number of users of contraceptive implants, a significantly increased breast cancer risk was observed; continued surveillance of implant users may be warranted...

..Differences in acquired mutations in colon and rectal tumors may account for differences in risk factors. In this study, we examined similarities and differences in somatic alterations in colon and rectal tumors...

..No significant associations were observed for the rs4464148 SNP or other SNPs evaluated in the SMAD7. These results corroborate the findings of GWAS in colon cancer pointing to SMAD7 and reinforce interest in SNPs in this gene...

..The oncogenetic tree model assumptions are appropriate for the observed heterogeneity of colon tumors, and the model produces a useful visual schematic of the sequence of events in pathways of colon carcinogenesis...

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..These results indicate that the ACASI questionnaire is both an acceptable and a preferable mode of data collection in this population...

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..The relationships of APC mutations to other genetic and epigenetic alterations add to the already impressive genetic heterogeneity of colon cancer...

..05) relative to men with fewer than 23 CAG repeats of the AR gene. These data provide support for the role of vitamin D and sunshine exposure in the etiology of colorectal cancer and suggest that AR gene may modulate the association...

..These data suggest that genetic variation in the CRP gene influences risk of both colon and rectal cancer development...

..These data support an association between calcium and rectal tumors overall as well as specifically with TP53 mutations. However, given the number of comparisons, findings need to be confirmed in other studies...

..To examine whether weight gain after diagnosis of breast cancer affects the risk of breast cancer recurrence...

..CRRs from simulated scenarios indicated that appreciable confounding by admixture would occur only when within-group candidate SNP allele frequency differences are much larger than any that we observed...

..68 95% CI 0.47, 0.98; p linear trend 0.03). These data suggest that diet and lifestyle factors are associated with specific types of rectal tumor mutations and epigenetic changes. Findings need confirmation in other studies...

..Additionally, the utilization of dietary patterns as a tool for public health messages is a topic that is unresolved. These issues are discussed in this paper...

..However, specific classes of mutations, namely, the G245 hot spot mutation and mutations in proximal tumors, are related to significantly worse survival even after adjusting for age and stage...

..Genetic susceptibility may modify the associations of some meat or meat preparation factors with the risk of colorectal cancer...

..The methods developed for collection of dietary data appear to be appropriate for the targeted population and may have usefulness for other populations where collecting dietary data in a self-administered format is desirable...

..The important modifying effects of aspirin/NSAIDs on associations with genetic polymorphisms reinforce the underlying role of inflammation in the etiology of colon cancer...

..04 (for Hispanic/Native American) and SNP rs1800796 or -572G>C]. These data suggest that IL6 is associated with breast cancer risk and modifies the association between estrogen and aspirin and breast cancer risk...

..The amount of effort required to achieve similar or slightly lower response rates increased over time. This finding may in part depend on demographic characteristics of the population studied...

..68, 95% CI 0.49-0.96). Assessment of the impact of smoking on associations between colon cancer and coffee showed a significant interaction between smoking and coffee for both men and women...

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..Consumption of plant foods and dairy and meat products may moderate increases in blood pressure...

..Nevertheless, our results suggest that adopting a low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence among individuals who do not regularly use NSAIDs...

..To examine prospectively the association between physical activity and adenomatous polyp recurrence...

..A pathway-based approach to data analysis is needed to help discern the independent and combined effects of dietary intakes and genetic variability in folate metabolism...

..14) on risk for adenoma recurrence. This trial cohort provides some evidence that calcium and vitamin D may be inversely associated with adenoma recurrence...