James Shikany

..Analyses including completers only produced essentially the same results. We conclude that chewing gum on a regular schedule for 8 weeks did not facilitate weight loss in these overweight and obese adults...

..07). Although there was no evidence of associations between GL, GI, or carbohydrate and total breast cancer risk in WHI participants, the suggestion of an association between GL and risk of in situ cancers requires further investigation...

..Glycemic effects of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) low-fat dietary intervention are unknown...

..To evaluate the associations between dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and incident prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort...

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..Overall, high- and low-GI/GL diets of 4 weeks' duration had no consistent effects on coronary heart disease risk factors in this group of overweight/obese men...

..Although antioxidant supplements are widely available and commonly used in the United States, there is a lack of detailed information on their use, including types of supplements used, doses, duration of use, and changes in use over time...

..We hypothesized that because most of these diets differ greatly from the way most Americans spontaneously eat, the choice of a WLD may be less critical than the decision to adopt any WLD...

..We investigated the effect of folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grains on folate intake in women of predominantly childbearing age at high risk for cervical cancer...

..The directions of the associations of plasma adiponectin with other factors were in agreement with results in other racial/ethnic groups...

..Carbohydrate-restricted diets have been popular in recent years. The theoretical glycemic impact of these diets, compared with other popular weight-loss diets, has not been reported...

..1 years. Six clinical risk factors predicted fracture risk independent of hip BMD: tricyclic antidepressant use, previous fracture, inability to complete a narrow walk trial, falls in previous year, age > or =80 years, and depressed mood...

..We sought to examine the relationship between comorbidity and commonly assessed services for diabetic patients in a managed care organization...

..General recommendations to reduce dietary fat to promote weight loss or maintenance in all circumstances may merit reconsideration...

..To investigate if beer, liquor (spirits), wine and total alcohol intakes have different associations with serum urate (SU) concentrations at different ages in a cohort of young men and women...

..The hypothesis that a low-fat dietary pattern can reduce breast cancer risk has existed for decades but has never been tested in a controlled intervention trial...

..The augmentation of this FFQ database with GI and GL values will enable etiologic investigations of GI and GL with numerous disease outcomes in the WHI and other epidemiologic studies that utilize this FFQ...

..The trial protocol also listed ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer as outcomes that may be favorably affected by the intervention...

..Now we examine whether the treatment affected self-reported physical functioning and objective measures of physical functioning...

..This study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women...

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..Few studies have evaluated carotenoids and vitamins C and E in association with the risk of breast cancers defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status...

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..Existing WHI FFQs will then be reanalyzed to calculate each participant's mean dietary GI and GL. Existing blood glucose, insulin, and lipid data for these WHI participants will be used in the data analyses. ..