KENNETH JAMES SHER

..Consequently, we also examine the effects of pathological alcohol involvement on later role transitions and role attainment. Finally, prevention, policy, and treatment issues surrounding this stage of life are discussed...

..The interpretation of markers of risk for development and course of AUDs and their implications for prevention, early intervention and formal/self-change treatments are discussed...

..These findings highlight potential problems with commonly employed trajectory-based approaches and the need to not over-reify these constructs...

..Foremost among these are social environments, which are central to the initiation and escalation of human alcohol consumption. The value of twin studies, human laboratory studies and pharmacogenetic studies is also highlighted...

..Particular emphasis is given to ways in which genetic, environmental, psychopharmacological, and personological literatures can inform one another...

..Furthermore, interventions may be most effective if they target conjoint alcohol and tobacco use, college party motivation, and self-selection into heavy-drinking social environments...

..Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical links among alcohol consumption, specific cognitive abilities, and stress reactivity...

..These relations remained significant even with autoregressivity, other concurrent SUD diagnoses, and multiple personality dimensions statistically controlled...

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..Although most attention on comorbidity between PDs and SUDs has focused on ASPD and BPD, it is also clear that other PDs (in particular, avoidant PD and paranoid PD) are prevalent among those suffering from SUDs...

..Also, perceived peer norms for heavy drinking mediated the relation between Greek affiliation and heavy alcohol use. Results are discussed in terms of situational determinants of heavy alcohol involvement in young adults...

..Results suggest that enhancement motives may be especially important in understanding the relation between Cluster B personality disorders and AUDs...

..These findings highlight the importance of micro-environments associated with specific living units in risky drinking during the college transition...

..Findings highlight the diverse mechanisms underlying accentuation of risky drinking over the transition to college and during the college years, through dynamic interplay between individuals and high-risk environments...

..Inclusion of peer alcohol use norms in the model reduced the influence of Greek involvement. Implications for models of heavy drinking and health risks are discussed...

..The authors describe and demonstrate each step in the analysis and conclude with a discussion of potential limitations and directions for future research...

..In addition, the BPD subscale that assesses impulsivity was found to be significantly associated with alcohol use problems once all predictors were entered into the model...

..Strengths and potential limitations of using latent variable mixture modeling to investigate risk profiles for adolescent psychopathology are discussed...

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..Examining the reciprocal influences of RALD on drinking outcomes extends previous research and may inform prevention and intervention programs among college drinkers...

..Although coping motives mediated the relation between Cluster B symptoms and drinking consequences and dependence features cross-sectionally, prospective effects were limited to indirect effects through Time 1...

..COAs were also more likely to experience stressors repetitively and to rate their stressors as more severe (in adulthood). Implications for prevention and intervention programs targeting this risk group are discussed...

..Differences in self-reported susceptibility to alcohol were most evident in the amplitude of the P3 component. Findings are discussed in terms of the differential effects of acute dose and susceptibility on information processing...

..Despite these systematic changes, at least for alcohol and illicit drugs, age at which onset was assessed did not moderate the association between AO and substance-related outcomes...

..Heavy episodic drinking remains a significant problem on college campuses. Although most interventions for college students are behavioral, pharmacological treatments, such as naltrexone, could provide additional options...

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..Findings suggest that personality change may be an important mechanism in the maturing-out effect...

..PD diagnoses were also associated with scores on dysfunction and impairment, perceived stress and less social support, lifetime history of suicide attempts, interpersonal difficulties, and problems with legal authorities...

..This study characterizes college students' daily alcohol consumption patterns and the relation between Thursday drinking and Friday classes overall and for specific vulnerable groups...

..This study therefore investigated whether binge drinking is related to disadvantageous decision making, as measured by the IGT. We also examined the relation between decision making and impulsivity...

..The goal of the current article was to compare various diagnostic groups based on lifetime reports of abuse and dependence symptoms on a range of outcomes...

..It thus presents a significant public health problem, addressable through training for alcohol servers and retailers, punitive measures toward fake ID owners, and other possible interventions...

..However, evidence suggests variability in these developmental changes...

..These findings underscore the importance of the college context in showing that heavy drinking does in fact predict attrition and in considering future intervention efforts to decrease attrition and also heavy drinking...

..e. distinct operationalizations of sexual orientation, timing of sexual orientation assessment with respect to reports of SUBs, non-linear growth)...

..The results suggest that moderate doses of alcohol impair WM by affecting certain mnemonic strategies and executive processes rather than by shrinking the basic holding capacity of WM...

..Suggestions for additional research using informative designs are discussed...

..Findings suggest that change in coping motives is an important mechanism in the relation between personality change and the "maturing out" of problematic alcohol involvement...

..The present study is consistent with the limited evidence available on the natural history of problem gambling in the community in suggesting that natural recovery may be the rule rather than the exception...

..and selection (i.e., whether heavy drinkers are more likely to vacation with friends) on the spring break/alcohol consumption relationship...

..In addition, several personality traits were differentially associated with alcohol, drug, and tobacco symptomatology...

..To examine how maternal and child characteristics interact to moderate injury rate and injury severity for young children...

..Several nonhangover drinking symptoms failed to predict later diagnoses. Taken together, the findings suggest a need for further research and theory on the role of hangover in the etiology of drinking problems...

..DESIGN, SETTING: Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) and the Adolescent Health Risk Study (AHRS). Follow-up intervals for AddHealth and AHRS were 1 and 5 years, respectively...

..The current study extends this literature by examining the relationship between behavioral undercontrol, patterns of alcohol use and relationship aggression in the context of a large, high-risk sample...

..These results are consistent with the conclusion that some aspect of the college experience may be an important environmental risk factor for this pattern of drinking among young adults...

..e., tobacco dependence and drug use diagnoses) and personality disorder symptoms. Overall, these results suggest that personality disorder symptoms predict unique variance in SUDs that reflect maladaptive aspects of personality traits...

..Much of this association was due to 3rd variables (primarily neuroticism but also childhood stressors and behavioral undercontrol), supporting a common 3rd-variable influence model of comorbidity...

..The extent to which the familial similarity for positive alcohol expectancies was moderated by age, race, drinking status, and the sharing of peer groups was also examined...

..However, visuospatial deficits may be present among AUD participants with poor baseline visuospatial performance. Alcohol exposure measures yielded similar patterns to those shown with AUD...

..The association of smoking with alcohol expectancies and delinquency appeared to exist by virtue of smoking's comorbidity with drinking...

..Findings suggest that researchers thoughtfully consider the nature of the phenomena being studied and the developmental period of interest when designing prospective studies...

..In addition, Greek status interacted with behavioral undercontrol to predict alcohol dependence symptoms, such that Greek members high in behavioral undercontrol were especially vulnerable to symptoms of dependence...

..Trajectory classes and transition probabilities were generalizable across race and sex and, to a lesser extent, age cohort and family history of alcoholism...

..It is imperative that investigators consider a variety of potential interventions to minimize the harm associated with this rite of passage...

..These findings indicate that the "Greek effect" interacts with individual characteristics to affect drinking...

..When movement occurred, it tended to be to a less severe class. These findings indicate that there are distinct, prevalent, and relatively stable forms of eating-related concerns in college women...

..We discuss how drinking and MLDA laws in Europe might compare with the United States, and how future policy work might benefit from empirical and cross-cultural study...

..It is argued that this language can provide a more complete characterization of alcohol's subjective effects than is available from existing objective and subjective measures of alcohol use and can inform future self-report research...

..More fine-grained longitudinal research is needed to determine whether developmentally limited forms of bipolar disorder exist and, if so, what markers might distinguish these forms of the disorder from more chronic courses...

..The finding that trajectories are conditional on the specific indices used suggests that it may be hazardous to generalize across alternate indices of alcohol involvement...

..Findings suggest a reciprocal relation between Greek environment and individuals in determining the trajectories of college drinking and heterogeneity in drinking as functions of changes in Greek affiliation...

..Most importantly, factor solutions derived from items based on past-year symptom endorsement were consistent with those derived from items based on lifetime symptom endorsement in samples of both current drinkers and lifetime drinkers...

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..Finally, we discuss implications of the model for interventions...

..Evidence suggests that selection mechanisms may best account for the relation between frequency of heavy drinking and perceived peer alcohol involvement especially during the post-college years...

..5) Alcohol-Induced Memory Impairments, Including Blackouts, and the Changing Adolescent Brain, by Aaron M. White and H. Scott Swartzwelder; and (6) Discussion, by Kenneth Sher...

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..This study further extends the authors' prior work examining the effects of methodological factors that are critical to characterizing the developmental course of alcohol involvement...

..This is followed by a description of the application of SEM to an affect-related model as discussed by John Kramer and Kathleen Bucholz. Finally, Kenneth Sher offers thoughts on how to place these findings into perspective...

..However, little is known of the extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to individual differences in expectancies and motives...

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..CONCLUSIONS: We observed short-term and long-term associations between AUD and TD. These associations were mediated through concurrent diagnoses with the other substance use disorder...

..Our findings suggest that insecure attachment style is a risk factor for AUD, independent of familial risk for alcoholism...

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..Training researchers who can integrate biological, psychological, and social factors determining the causes and consequences of problematic alcohol involvement is a major priority for addressing alcohol's impact on the Nation's health. ..

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