Research Topics
| William G ShadelSummaryAffiliation: University of Pittsburgh Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
Who am I? The role of self-conflict in adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisingWilliam G Shadel
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
J Behav Med 27:463-75. 2004..These results have implications for understanding the impact of cigarette advertising on smoking initiation for some adolescents...- Adolescents' responses to the gender valence of cigarette advertising imagery: the role of affect and the self-conceptWilliam G Shadel
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, 5th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Addict Behav 29:1735-44. 2004.... - Thinking about craving: an experimental analysis of smokers' spontaneous self-reports of cravingWilliam G Shadel
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, 5th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Addict Behav 29:811-5. 2004.... 
What underlies appraisals? Experimentally testing a Knowledge-and-Appraisal Model of Personality Architecture among smokers contemplating high-risk situationsDaniel Cervone
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 7137, USA
J Pers 76:929-68. 2008..The results were consistent with the hypothesis that systems of self- and situational knowledge underlie consistency and variability in appraisals...
Motives for smoking in movies affect future smoking risk in middle school students: an experimental investigationWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 123:66-71. 2012....- Daily smoking patterns, their determinants, and implications for quittingSiddharth Chandra
Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 15:67-80. 2007..5 standard deviations) in the evening. Daily smoking patterns were related to environmental smoking restrictions, but the strength of this relationship differed among clusters and by time of day. Clusters differed in lapse risk... - Momentary effects of exposure to prosmoking media on college students' future smoking riskWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Health Psychol 31:460-6. 2012..This study used ecological momentary assessment to examine acute changes in college students' future smoking risk as a function of their exposure to prosmoking media (e.g., smoking in movies, paid advertising, point-of-sale displays)... - Lapse-induced surges in craving influence relapse in adult smokers: an experimental investigationWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
Health Psychol 30:588-96. 2011..The purpose of this study is to experimentally evaluate the effects of a programmed smoking lapse on smoking relapse and the effects of postlapse changes in craving on relapse... - Reduction of abstinence-induced withdrawal and craving using high-dose nicotine replacement therapySaul Shiffman
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 184:637-44. 2006..Prior studies have shown that Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) decreases withdrawal symptom severity but have relied on retrospective reports and lacked robust measures of baseline symptoms or symptoms during unmedicated abstinence... - Analyzing milestones in smoking cessation: illustration in a nicotine patch trial in adult smokersSaul Shiffman
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
J Consult Clin Psychol 74:276-85. 2006..6). The biggest effect of treatment was to prevent progression to relapse among those who had lapsed (HR = 7.1). Analysis of effects by milestones may enhance understanding of cessation treatments and their mechanisms of action... - Using a knowledge-and-appraisal model of personality architecture to understand consistency and variability in smokers' self-efficacy appraisals in high-risk situationsDaniel Cervone
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607 7137, USA
Psychol Addict Behav 21:44-54. 2007..Results speak to the field's need for assessment strategies to detect, and theoretical models to explain, within-person, across-context variations in self-efficacy for avoiding addictive behaviors... - Prevalence of and associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking among U.S. university studentsBrian A Primack
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Ann Behav Med 36:81-6. 2008..Although waterpipe tobacco smoking seems to be increasing on U.S. university campuses, these data have come from convenience samples... - Evaluating smokers' reactions to advertising for new lower nicotine quest cigarettesWilliam G Shadel
Department of PsychologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Psychol Addict Behav 20:80-4. 2006..e., lower in tar, healthier, less likely to cause cancer). Two individual-differences variables, need for cognition and perceived vulnerability, moderated smokers' health beliefs about Quest cigarettes... - Uncovering the most effective active ingredients of antismoking public service announcements: the role of actor and message characteristicsWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 11:547-52. 2009.... - Tobacco industry manipulation messages in anti-smoking public service announcements: the effect of explicitly versus implicitly delivering messagesWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Addict Behav 35:526-9. 2010..No significant main effects of age were found nor were any interactions between age and message delivery. These results suggest that message delivery factors should be taken into account when designing anti-smoking PSAs... - Adolescents' reactions to the imagery displayed in smoking and antismoking advertisementsWilliam G Shadel
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School, Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Psychol Addict Behav 16:173-6. 2002..Antismoking advertising may be more effective at limiting adolescent smoking if the images displayed have a more positive valence... - Smoking motives in movies are important for understanding adolescent smoking: a preliminary investigationWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 12:850-4. 2010..This laboratory study examined whether exposure to movie smoking that is portrayed as having a clear motive is associated with the desire to smoke differently than smoking that is portrayed as having no clear motive... - Exposure to cigarette advertising and adolescents' intentions to smoke: the moderating role of the developing self-conceptWilliam G Shadel
RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
J Pediatr Psychol 33:751-60. 2008..This study evaluated whether the developmental maturity of the self-concept, operationalized as self-conflict, moderated smoking intentions following exposure to cigarette advertisements among adolescents who have never smoked... - Evaluating social-cognitive mechanisms that regulate self-efficacy in response to provocative smoking cues: an experimental investigationWilliam G Shadel
Department of PsychologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Psychol Addict Behav 20:91-6. 2006..Higher levels of self-efficacy were consistently associated with decreased craving. These results have both theoretical and clinical implications for smoking cessation... - Correlates of motivation to quit smoking in methadone-maintained smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation trialWilliam G Shadel
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 N Bellefield Avenue, 5th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Addict Behav 30:295-300. 2005..These results have implications for understanding motivational processes among methadone-maintained smokers and may help in the design of interventions that will assist this population with quitting smoking... - Efficacy of acute administration of nicotine gum in relief of cue-provoked cigarette cravingSaul Shiffman
Pinney Associates and the University of Pittsburgh, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 166:343-50. 2003..Acute cravings, often provoked by exposure to smoking cues, appear to be important triggers for smoking relapse. Relief of acute craving may therefore be an important step in preventing relapse... - Measuring exposure to protobacco marketing and media: a field study using ecological momentary assessmentSteven C Martino
RAND, 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 14:398-406. 2012.... - Using ecological momentary assessment to determine media use by individuals with and without major depressive disorderBrian A Primack
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 165:360-5. 2011..To use ecological momentary assessment techniques to measure the association of major depressive disorder (MDD) with media use... - Response to social stress, urge to smoke, and smoking cessationRaymond Niaura
Brown University Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA
Addict Behav 27:241-50. 2002.... - Does the DRD2-Taq1 A polymorphism influence treatment response to bupropion hydrochloride for reduction of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome?Sean P David
Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI 02860, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 5:935-42. 2003..These data suggest that bupropion attenuates specific symptoms of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome and that this effect may be modified by genotype for the dopamine D2 receptor... - Depressive symptoms and readiness to quit smoking among cigarette smokers in outpatient alcohol treatmentBrian Hitsman
Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
Psychol Addict Behav 16:264-8. 2002..S. Radloff, 1977). The findings suggest that alcoholic smokers with low depressive symptoms are more receptive to quitting smoking after sustained alcohol abstinence... - Gender differences in adolescents' responses to themes of relaxation in cigarette advertising: Relationship to intentions to smokeDanae N Dirocco
Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, USA
Addict Behav 32:205-13. 2007..These results have implications for understanding what features of cigarette advertisements have the most influence among different groups of adolescents...