R A Schwartz

..In regions where leprosy is endemic, individuals with vitiligo are often stigmatized due to similarities in appearance between the two diseases. We will review this important subject, emphasizing the latest therapeutic advances...

..Cutaneous leishmaniasis and rickettsial African tick-bite fever are two zoonoses increasingly diagnosed in industrialized nations due to more international travel to endemic areas...

..It was a day that faculty, residents, and students will long recall, thanks to the extraordinary graciousness and enthusiasm of legendary AΩA Visiting Professor Robert C. Gallo, MD...

..Topical therapy primarily consists of antifungal agents and low-potency steroids. New topical calcineurin inhibitors (immunomodulators) sometimes are administered...

..It produces such a dramatic and rapid response that the appearance of an infantile haemangioma should impart expeditious consideration of the risks and benefits of its use...

..They are currently undergoing trials and show promise, as they have increased immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic activity. This category of medication and its use will be reviewed...

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..We describe a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of breast within a benign melanocytic nevus and delineate this occurrence within the context of reviewing cutaneous breast metastatic disease...

..We will review the topic of actinic keratoses among these individuals as this common rudimentary form of superficial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is explored in greater detail...

..Its therapy, including the concept of doing it without immunocompromising the patient, will be stressed. New opportunities for Kaposi sarcoma prevention will also be discussed...

..Erythema nodosum tends to be self-limited. Any underlying disorders should be treated and supportive care provided. Pain can be managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...

..Working behind the Iron Curtain, she nevertheless achieved international recognition, yet few today are cognizant of her and her accomplishments. This vibrant distinguished professor is celebrating her 90th birthday...

..There are few reports of tumoral cutaneous sarcoidosis like that of our patient...

..We illustrate a case of pyoderma vegetans and review the literature on this rare disorder. Clinical and histological criteria for diagnosis are presented, as well as differentiation from some mimicking disorders...

..We provide a review of pseudoporphyria and compare our variant to toxic epidermal necrolysis and mimicking disorders...

..Cutaneous disease as the first sign of metastasis is most often seen in cancer of the lung. However, its appearance as a large tumor on the nose, which was observed in this case, is unusual...

..In this update, we discuss the two major applications for collagen in dermatology: tissue augmentation and wound healing...

..Anti-herpes virus therapy may have potential for wide use, especially in preventing the development of KS in at risk populations, such as HHV-8 seropositive individuals undergoing transplantation surgery...

..These therapies include hypopigmenting agents, chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion. Further investigations into this disorder may lead to more specific and effective treatments in the future...

..An evaluation for retrovirus infection or other causes of immunosuppression was negative. The nodules responded to radiotherapy with cobalt-60, rapidly involuting. The patient has no evidence of Kaposi's sarcoma for over two years...

..Since its original description 30 years ago by one of us, knowledge in this area has expanded...

..Epidermal stem cells may facilitate functionality of the superficial part of such a system. New experimental and clinical trials are currently under way...

..This review will focus on the pharmacology and potential uses of sirolimus...

..A relationship between DD and coronary artery disease has also been demonstrated. Thus, the presence of DD should prompt aggressive intervention to detect diabetes mellitus and prevent the development of ensuing complications...

..Accordingly, we recommend consideration of punch excisions of the speckles alone if excision of the entire NS is declined...

..Our patient is a good example of this; he was exposed to chickenpox at the age of 3 months (by his 2 siblings) and developed HZ at 6 years of age...

..A high index of suspicion is of utmost importance in high risk individuals to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment...

..In cases of cutaneous pseudolymphoma where a cause is identified, treatment entails removing the underlying causative agent. Idiopathic cases tend to be recalcitrant to treatment...

..The gold standard of treatment is with systemic corticosteroids; however, potassium iodide, colchicine and other therapeutic agents have been utilized successfully...

..Antibiotics are usually effective. Patients handled in a timely manner tend to recover without problems. However, potential complications include abscess formation, necrotizing fasciitis, septicemia, recurrent infection, and lymphedema...

..The three fundamental effective treatment options for head lice are topical pediculicides, wet combing, and oral therapy. Spraying or fogging a home with insecticides or pediculicides is not recommended...

..The resultant dysmetabolism is potentially life threatening. A detailed history is to identify and treat the underlying cause of this dermatitis. We present two cases of erythroderma in African patients and review this important disease...

..Certain varieties are associated with systemic abnormalities. Histologic findings include epidermal hyperplasia with increased pigmentation of the basal layer...

..The diagnosis depends on maintaining a high index of suspicion and being familiar with the insect fauna of the patient's environment and area of travel...

..She had no cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. Her massive gut involvement was not apparent clinically, even by colonoscopic examination with multiple biopsy specimens. She was diagnosed at postmortem examination...

..In all of these situations, hemangiomas are often referred due to the uncertainties that exist regarding the most efficacious diagnosis and management...

..We describe these associations and emphasize the importance of depigmenting disorders...

..It is important to distinguish CLC, a potentially recurrent disease, from an unusual type of metastatic carcinoma of the skin called carcinoma telangiectoides...

..Carotenemia caused by high beta-carotene intake does not have serious sequelae; discoloration remits with dietary modification...

..Treatment should focus on cutaneous hydration, lubrication, and keratolysis and includes topical moisturizers and topical retinoids...

..It had a raised elevated border, resembling persistent fungal dermatitis (tinea corporis). However, it proved to be a squamous cell carcinoma, prompting this description and a reminder that skin cancer may mimic dermatitis...

..More importantly, insulin resistance itself can also represent a threat to life. We review this important disorder...

..Although cutaneous metastases are relatively frequent in patients with cutaneous melanoma, they are less so from ocular melanoma...

..Dermal leiomyosarcomas rarely metastasize, unlike the subcutaneous tumors. We describe a case of the dermal type of leiomyosarcoma...

..Although the infecting organisms and treatments are the same as for other superficial fungal infections, it is frequently misdiagnosed clinically and histologically...

..If more severe, treatment with systemic corticosteroids generally achieves adequate response; however, adjunctive therapy is often necessary to allow reduction in steroid dosage...

..We review this entity and its implications...

..Treatment options range from improving hygiene to topical antifungal agents and systemic antifungal agents, the latter with potentially dangerous side effects...

..Indeed, NF may be an infection of one species of bacteria or may be polymicrobial. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy are the primary treatment options...

..For extensive or complicated impetigo, systemic antibiotics may be warranted, but beta-lactam antibiotics should be avoided if methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) is suspected...

..This article will review the pharmacology, formulations, efficacy, and adverse effects of crude coal tar and other tars in the treatment of selected dermatologic conditions...

..LC may resemble other entities, such as metastatic carcinoma of the skin, lymphangiectasis, or herpes zoster. We report an unusual verruciform, zosteriform form of LC...

..This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic features of HSV infections, providing the clinician with an up-to-date understanding of the available management strategies for mucocutaneous HSV-induced disease...

..We also review DCL to emphasize the importance of recognizing and treating this evolving disease in the growing population of patients on immunorestorative therapy...

..Treatment options vary, focusing on avoiding skin dryness, using emollients, and adding keratolytic agents or topical steroids when necessary...

..Important associated disorders include ipsilateral glaucoma; intracranial melanocytosis; and rarely cutaneous, ocular, or intracranial melanoma. Recommendations are discussed for managing nevus of Ota in children...

..Clinical presentation, severity, and prognosis vary widely. Treatment is difficult, especially in HIV-positive patients. Prognosis is variable; 15% to 20% of patients may develop severe chronic sequelae...

..Perioral dermatitis is a relatively important and often enigmatic type of eczema...

..The KA may serve as a marker for the important autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome, the Muir-Torre syndrome, as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene...

..This is only the second report of such histology in melanoma, and to our knowledge, the first such case consisting entirely of these features. We review the literature on this rare variant of melanoma...

..Non-specific features and symptoms along with a high incidence of amelanosis often lead to delayed diagnosis, disease progression, and a poor prognosis with challenging treatment options...

..Because there appears to be cross-reactions between SSRIs, even though they have different chemical structures, it is advisable to use another family of antidepressants if an SSRI is linked with a serious skin eruption...

..CONCLUSION: Fixed drug eruption to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is common. However, FDE due to naproxen, one of the NSAIDs, is rarely reported. We describe an unusual case of FDE, which recurred at each menses...

..The treatment of children with psoriasis should be handled with caution and tailored according to the child's age, as well as to the extent, distribution, and type of psoriasis...

..Its etiology is unknown; there may be an underlying defect of dermal elastin. We discuss a patient with this unusual disorder and review its literature...

..Wearing open-toed shoes can be beneficial for toe web intertrigo. Secondary bacterial and fungal infections should be treated with antiseptics, antibiotics, or antifungals, depending on the pathogens...

..Black piedra is caused by Piedraia hortae; white piedra is due to pathogenic species of the Trichosporon genus. Tinea nigra is also common in tropical areas and has been confused with melanoma...

..In addition, a biopsy of SKs is not only warranted but necessary in order to identify a malignant melanoma that would otherwise be misdiagnosed or even completely missed...

..This is the first time to our knowledge that an invasive squamous cell carcinoma has been described within an acrochordon...

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..CONCLUSION: Although erythema infectiosum has many distinctive symptoms, the prognosis is excellent because the condition in children is usually self-limited...

..In both children and adults EPF should be viewed as a possible cutaneous sign of immunosuppression. However, it may also be seen in persons with normal immune status. We review EPF on the 40th anniversary of its original description...

..The clinical phenotype is a result of alterations in the gene(s) for keratin 1 and/or 10. We review this disorder and its therapy, which is mainly symptomatic with emollients and retinoids...

..Types I and II tend to resolve slowly over time, whereas type III persists indefinitely. Treatment involves early recognition, discontinuation of the drug, sun protection, and laser for persistent pigmentation...

..This case followed up for such a long time provides further confirmation that this variety of KA does not show invasive growth and usually does not progress into squamous cell carcinoma...

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..It is very unusual to have all three types of skin lesions, especially the erythema nodosum-like histologically specific cutaneous ones in this setting, which is what prompted this report...

..Destructive modalities, such as cryosurgery using liquid nitrogen and electrodesiccation and curettage, usually performed by a dermatologist, are the mainstays of therapy...

..We assume that the onset of cutaneous lesions in our patient was likely triggered by a generalized worsening of his lymphedema...

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..However, T. tonsurans, like other fungi, also may less often produce an intense inflammatory reaction, which is suggestive of an acute bacterial infection...

..This central tumor regression is to our knowledge a unique finding in MTC...

..Periodic neurologic and cardiologic assessment with echocardiography and electrocardiography should be carried out in all patients with ECCL because of a possible progressive disease course...

..Pleural effusion lymphoma has an intermediate immunophenotype lacking B or T lymphocyte antigens and also belongs to the diseases associated with HHV8...

..Thus, we have expanded the clinical morphological spectrum of patients with anti-p200 pemphigoid and first described a patient whose disorder was probably drug-induced...

..Other problems such as post-scabies eczema and reinfestation, and newer treatments such as ivermectin are also discussed...

..Treatment options exist for arsenic-induced pathology, but prevention of toxicity remains the main focus. Vitamin and mineral supplementation may play a role in the treatment of arsenic toxicity...