Robert E Schoen

..The benefits of endoscopic testing for colorectal-cancer screening are uncertain. We evaluated the effect of screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy on colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality...

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..The necessary frequency of endoscopic colorectal cancer screening after a negative examination is uncertain...

..The burden and cost of surveillance colonoscopy are significant. The aim of this study was to examine the use of surveillance colonoscopy on a community-wide basis...

..We evaluated the relationship of insulin, IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 3, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in subjects with adenomatous polyps, the precursor lesion of colorectal cancer...

..To examine the yield at colonoscopy when a given size lesion is observed, we assessed the yield of advanced adenoma and cancer at colonoscopy based on the size of the abnormality detected at flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG)...

..We report outcomes from the PLCO screening FSG program and evaluate the increased yield produced by a second FSG...

..Here we report findings from the baseline screening flexible sigmoidoscopy examination...

..Colorectal cancer screening is underused. Our objective was to evaluate methods for promoting colorectal cancer screening in primary care practice...

..It is unclear whether the disproportionately higher incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer among blacks compared with whites reflect differences in health-care utilization or colorectal cancer susceptibility...

..Colonoscopy may be less efficacious in reducing colorectal cancer mortality in the proximal compared with the distal colon. A greater likelihood for missed and recurrent adenomas in the proximal colon may contribute to this phenomenon...

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..Despite regular colonoscopy, interval colorectal cancer (CRC) may occur. Long-term studies examining CRC rates in patients with previous colonoscopy are lacking...

..This study appears to be one of the first applications of this theory to understanding CRC screening behavior in a community intervention...

..Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are the putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and may be useful as biomarkers. Knowledge of their natural history is essential to understanding their potential utility...

..CONCLUSION: In this study, no association between visceral adipose tissue and adenomatous polyp recurrence was observed. Further study and exploration of the role of VAT in adenoma progression is required...

..Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of computer science in which programs are trained to extract relevant information from text reports in an automated fashion...

..In the current prospective study, the authors used adherence to repeat testing to assess the acceptability of screening flexible sigmoidoscopy...

..CONCLUSION: The prevalence of TCE in this population was significant, and including TCE substantially increased measured compliance with colorectal cancer screening. Self-reported use of colonoscopy was validated as accurate...

..CC3 and CC4 are expressed earlier in the evolution of adenomatous polyps. Development of an assay to these proteins may serve as a new method for early detection of colorectal cancer...

..These were compared with colon cancer NMP patterns, along with several primary cell systems and lines...

..The degree to which providers communicate the information necessary to prepare patients for participation in this process is not known...

..The lack of association between obesity and the IGF-1 axis suggests that the IGF-1 axis is not a likely mediator between VAT and disease...

..CONCLUSIONS: Interval cancer occurs despite colonoscopy. Improved quality of colonoscopy may have reduced cancer prevalence or resulted in earlier cancer detection in over 50% of prevalent cancers in the dietary Polyp Prevention Trial...

..These results suggest an involvement of hnRNP F and CKB in colorectal cancer. Additionally, they suggest that hnRNP F is a potential marker for colorectal cancer progression...

..Studies that examine the need and the needed timing of subsequent surveillance are essential to containing costs for screening as well as to informing the public better about what endoscopic screening can and cannot accomplish...

..The aim of this study was to confirm the identity of the protein as calreticulin as well as to evaluate the localization of calreticulin in the nuclear matrix of colon cancer tissue...

..045 OD vs. 0.030 OD; p=0.017). Our data support further studies into the potential role of anti-MUC1 immunity in preventing progression of premalignant colon lesions to colon cancer...

..Studies of reproducibility, interobserver variability, and continuity over time to validate ACF as a clinical end point are required. ACF hold promise as a biomarker for colorectal carcinoma, but additional study is needed...

..Serum tests, such as proteomics, nuclear matrix proteins, and serum DNA, are still in their infancy, but remain a hope for the future...

..Fuelled by new research, market opportunities and increased recognition of individual risk, screening for colorectal cancer is becoming a recommended procedure, but controversy about how best to implement widespread screening remains...

..It is unclear whether the higher burden from colorectal cancer among blacks is due to an increased biological susceptibility...

..These results indicate that PUMA induction contributes to the pathogenesis of colitis by promoting IEC apoptosis and suggest that PUMA inhibition may be an effective strategy to promote mucosal healing in patients with UC...

..However, few investigations used computed tomography (CAT) scanning for precise measures of abdominal fat...

..The use of a low starting dose of oral iron, such as one ferrous sulfate tablet per day, for treatment of iron deficiency is worth considering...

..With respect to CD, the evidence suggests that patients with extensive colonic involvement of long duration carry a similar risk of colorectal cancer to patients with UC and should be considered candidates for surveillance colonoscopy...

..g., high levels of MDSC) might already exist in some individuals, suggesting an even earlier premalignant stage or preselection of nonimmunosuppressed patients for prophylactic vaccination...

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..These results suggest that effective chemoprevention of colon cancer by NSAIDs lies in the elimination of stem cells that are inappropriately activated by oncogenic events through induction of apoptosis...

..We evaluated the relationship between the rate of adenoma detection by flexible sigmoidoscopy and interval distal colorectal cancer...

..Routine measurement of quality is limited by the costs of manual review of free-text patient charts. Our goal was to develop a natural language processing (NLP) application to measure colonoscopy quality...

..In addition, the functional characterization of these proteins and their early detection through the generation of NMP antibodies could significantly impact on the understanding of cancer progression and its diagnosis...

..Differences in the APC mutation sites alone cannot completely account for intrafamilial and interfamilial variation in the polyposis phenotypes...

..We assessed the associations between CASR gene variants and risk for colorectal adenoma, a cancer precursor. We further investigated gene-diet interactions between the CASR variants and calcium intake on adenoma risk...

..In 2 European trials, wide variability across examiners in FSG performance was noted. We report on the performance of examiners in the US randomized trial: the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial...

..Decision-analytic techniques were used to compare the outcomes of 2 management strategies for smaller (6-9 mm) polyps discovered by CTC...

..These results do not support a relationship between HFE heterozygosity and risk of advanced distal adenoma...

..ROC curves for CCSA-3 and CCSA-4 reveal an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.98%). In these initial analyses, CCSA-3 and CCSA-4 show promise as potential serum markers for detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas...

..To examine prospectively the association between physical activity and adenomatous polyp recurrence...

..No associations were observed for polymorphisms at codons 25 and 263. In conclusion, variants that enhance TGFB1 production may be associated with an increased risk of advanced colorectal adenoma...

..CCSA-2 is a distinct novel colon cancer marker identified using focused proteomics...

..We therefore investigated whether genetic variants in selenoenzymes abundantly expressed in the colon are associated with advanced colorectal adenoma, a cancer precursor...

..We investigated the association of circulating vitamin D metabolites and a genetic variant of the VDR gene with advanced colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion of colorectal cancer...

..The relationship between distal and proximal colonic findings is uncertain. Thus, there is no consensus on which findings on screening flexible sigmoidoscopy should trigger colonoscopy...

..Calcium can reduce the risk of colorectal tumors by binding secondary bile and fatty acids, which leads to antiproliferative effects in the bowel, or by acting directly on the colonic epithelium, which affects differentiation and apoptosis...

..02). In conclusion, EPHX1 variants at codon 113 and 139 associated with high predicted enzymatic activity appear to increase risk for colorectal adenoma, particularly among recent and current smokers...

..008. This study confirms the association between colorectal neoplasia and the 8q24 polymorphisms located between 128.47 and 128.54 Mb and suggests a role for these variants in the formation of multiple adenomas...

..In conclusion, tobacco use, particularly recent use, increases risk for both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, but the risks are substantially greater for hyperplastic lesions...

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