Research Topics
| J SchachterSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Ability of the digene hybrid capture II test to identify Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in cervical specimensJ Schachter
Chlamydia Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 37:3668-71. 1999..trachomatis culture and is at least as sensitive as culture for gonococci. It deserves further evaluation and comparison with NAATs and may well offer an attractive alternative for diagnosis and screening of these infections...- Vaginal swabs are appropriate specimens for diagnosis of genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatisJulius Schachter
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:3784-9. 2003..That patients can efficiently collect them offers important benefits for screening programs. It would be beneficial for public health programs if the NAAT manufacturers sought FDA clearance for this specimen... 
Elimination of blinding trachomaJulius Schachter
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94110, USA
Curr Opin Infect Dis 15:491-5. 2002..A recently initiated major effort to eliminate blinding trachoma as a public health problem is discussed...- Confirming positive results of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis: all NAATs are not created equalJ Schachter
Chlamydia Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave, SFGH 3416, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 43:1372-3. 2005..e., culture and immunoassays) should not be used to confirm the results of more sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). We show that the same principle applies when NAATs are used for confirmation... - NAATs to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection: a promise still unfulfilledJ Schachter
UCSF Chlamydia Research Lab, SF General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Bdg 30 Rm 416, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 1:137-44. 2001..This is based on the purchase price of tests and fails to consider the total cost of testing, which also includes costs of specimen collection, where NAATs have a major advantage... - Azithromycin in control of trachomaJ Schachter
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0842, USA
Lancet 354:630-5. 1999..Programmes to prevent blindness due to trachoma are based on community-wide treatment with topical tetracycline. We assessed the potential of community-wide azithromycin treatment for trachoma control... - Treatment of hospitalized patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease: comparison of cefotetan plus doxycycline and cefoxitin plus doxycyclineR L Sweet
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
Am J Obstet Gynecol 158:736-41. 1988..trachomatis. These regimens also were very effective in eradicating anaerobic and aerobic pathogens from the endometrial cavity. Both regimens were well tolerated by the patients, and few adverse drug affects were noted... - Vaginal swabs are the specimens of choice when screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: results from a multicenter evaluation of the APTIMA assays for both infectionsJulius Schachter
Chlamydia Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, SFGH 3416, CA 94110, USA
Sex Transm Dis 32:725-8. 2005..Vaginal swabs identified as many infected patients as endocervical swabs and more than FCUs, and may well be the specimen of choice for screening... 
Nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of chlamydial and gonococcal infections of the oropharynx and rectum in men who have sex with menJulius Schachter
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Sex Transm Dis 35:637-42. 2008....- Pooling of Chlamydia laboratory tests to determine the prevalence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infectionJ Diamant
Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0944, USA
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 8:109-17. 2001..If the population prevalence is expected to be around 10%, then 14 specimens should be pooled per test. Even at 50% prevalence, costs can be reduced by pooling two samples per test... - Chlamydial genovar distribution after community wide antibiotic treatmentD L Bain
Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
J Infect Dis 184:1581-8. 2001..Evidence consistent with reinfection and persistence as mechanisms of communitywide continued presence of trachoma was provided by data for individuals infected with rare genovars... - Is the routine pelvic examination needed with the advent of urine-based screening for sexually transmitted diseases?M A Shafer
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0503, USA
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153:119-25. 1999..To determine the most cost-effective method of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in asymptomatic sexually active adolescent females... - Utility of pooled urine specimens for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men attending public sexually transmitted infection clinics in Mumbai, India, by PCRChristina Lindan
Institute for Global Health, Department of Epidemiology, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 43:1674-7. 2005..3% of reagent costs. In this resource-limited setting, the use of pooling to detect C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by PCR proved to be a simple, accurate, and cost-effective procedure compared to individual testing... - Sexually transmitted diseases in a health maintenance organization teen clinic: associations of race, partner's age, and marijuana useC B Boyer
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0503, USA
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153:838-44. 1999.... - Complete local elimination of infectious trachoma from severely affected communities after six biannual mass azithromycin distributionsJesse B Biebesheimer
FI Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0412, USA
Ophthalmology 116:2047-50. 2009..To determine whether infectious trachoma can be completely eliminated from severely affected villages... - Chlamydial infection during trachoma monitoring: are the most difficult-to-reach children more likely to be infected?Jeremy D Keenan
Francis I Proctor Foundation, San Francisco, CA 94143 0412, USA
Trop Med Int Health 17:392-6. 2012..We sought to determine whether individuals who are difficult to locate were more likely to be infected with ocular chlamydia than those who were easier to locate... - Sociodemographic markers and behavioral correlates of sexually transmitted infections in a nonclinical sample of adolescent and young adult womenCherrie B Boyer
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0503, USA
J Infect Dis 194:307-15. 2006..We examined sociodemographic markers and 3-month behavioral correlates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a nonclinical cross-section of adolescent and young adult women... - Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral, group, randomized controlled intervention trial to prevent sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies in young womenCherrie B Boyer
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0503, USA
Prev Med 40:420-31. 2005..Military recruit training provides a well-defined, national, nonclinic sample in which to evaluate such an intervention... - Evaluation of CDC-recommended approaches for confirmatory testing of positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification test resultsJeanne Moncada
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 46:1614-9. 2008..With >90% of all GC-positive NAATs being confirmed, our results show that confirmatory testing is not warranted for these genital specimens... - Acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis by young women during their first year of military serviceMary Ann B Shafer
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94941, USA
Sex Transm Dis 35:255-9. 2008..To define the acquisition rate of Chlamydia trachomatis among a cohort of young, nonhealth-care seeking, sexually active women with well-defined exposure periods over a 12-month period... - The effect of urine testing in evaluations of the sensitivity of the Gen-Probe Aptima Combo 2 assay on endocervical swabs for Chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae: the infected patient standard reduces sensitivity of single site evaluationJeanne Moncada
University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
Sex Transm Dis 31:273-7. 2004..The Gen-Probe APTIMA Combo 2 (AC2) assay is a second-generation transcription-mediated amplification assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG)... - Sexually transmitted infection/HIV laboratory testing in resource-limited countries: steps to improve use effective testing and to ensure diagnostic capacityElizabeth Donegan
Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Sex Transm Dis 30:905-8. 2003 - Volume effect on sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine specimens from femalesJeanne Moncada
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:4842-3. 2003..We analyzed data from a head-to-head comparison of NAATs on female FCU specimens and found that the volume of urine collected could affect test performance... - Comparing first-void urine specimens, self-collected vaginal swabs, and endocervical specimens to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by a nucleic acid amplification testMary Ann Shafer
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:4395-9. 2003..Self-collected vaginal swab collections are a feasible alternative to cervical specimen collections in this population, and the use of multiple types of specimens increases the positive yield markedly... - Should trachoma be treated with antibiotics?Chandler R Dawson
Francis I Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, University of Caifornia, San Francisco 94143, USA
Lancet 359:184-5. 2002 - Fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bali, Indonesia: 2004Elizabeth A Donegan
University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Sex Transm Dis 33:625-9. 2006..To assess the importance of this observation, we determined antimicrobial susceptibilities and strain types of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from FSWs seen in a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia... - Women find it easy and prefer to collect their own vaginal swabs to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infectionsMax A Chernesky
St Joseph s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Sex Transm Dis 32:729-33. 2005..We surveyed women's opinions on ease and preferences as to sampling after collecting their own vaginal swab and urine and a physician collection of vaginal swab and cervical swab... - Eliminating trachoma in areas with limited diseaseBruce D Gaynor
WHO Collaborating Center, F.I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 9:596-8. 2003..We describe the success of multiple mass antibiotic treatments, demonstrating that complete elimination of infection may be an attainable goal in an area with modest disease... - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by nucleic acid amplification testing: our evaluation suggests that CDC-recommended approaches for confirmatory testing are ill-advisedJulius Schachter
Chlamydia Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Bldg 30 Room 416, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 44:2512-7. 2006..The use of repeat testing did not confirm 11% of C. trachomatis SDA positive results that could be confirmed by more extensive testing. Doing more testing confirms more positive results; >90% of all positive NAATs could be confirmed... - Does clinical diagnosis indicate ocular chlamydial infection in areas with a low prevalence of trachoma?Jocelyn Thein
School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 9:263-9. 2002..In the context of a trachoma program, both clinically active cases and the community as a whole may stand to benefit less from antibiotic treatment in lower prevalence areas... - Evaluation of self-collected glans and rectal swabs from men who have sex with men for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of nucleic acid amplification testsJeanne Moncada
Chlamydia Laboratory at SFGH, UCSF Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bldg 30, Rm 416, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 47:1657-62. 2009..trachomatis or for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in low-risk or asymptomatic patients by AC2 and SDA, and we would not recommend their use on the basis of our results. Further studies are needed... - Correlates of sexually transmitted diseases in a young male deployed military populationMary Ann Shafer
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94143 0503, USA
Mil Med 167:496-500. 2002..To examine risk factors of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a non-clinic-based sample of young male military personnel... - Lack of allelic polymorphism for the major outer membrane protein gene of the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (Chlamydia psittaci)Q Zhao
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0412
Infect Immun 61:3078-80. 1993..The lack of omp1 allelic polymorphism among GPIC isolates suggests that, unlike C. trachomatis, the GPIC agent lacks antigenic variation in the major outer membrane protein... - Comparison of cefotetan plus doxycycline with cefoxitin plus doxycycline in the inpatient treatment of acute salpingitisC K Walker
Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
Sex Transm Dis 18:119-23. 1991..trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in all patients. Also, both regimens were effective in reducing aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. Finally, both regimens were well tolerated, with few side-effects... - Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection in trachoma-endemic communities by rRNA amplificationJon L Yang
F I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50:90-4. 2009..A newer ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA)-based amplification test was compared with the current DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of C. trachomatis... - Lack of macrolide resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis after mass azithromycin distributions for trachomaKevin Cyrus Hong
University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Emerg Infect Dis 15:1088-90. 2009..trachomatis are highly endemic. We found no significant differences in susceptibilities to azithromycin and doxycycline in 6 posttreatment and 4 pretreatment samples... - Comparison of an rRNA-based and DNA-based nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in trachomaJon L Yang
F I Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0412, USA
Br J Ophthalmol 91:293-5. 2007..This study compares an rRNA-based test to a DNA-based test for the detection of ocular C trachomatis infection in children living in trachoma-endemic villages... - Comparison of two azithromycin distribution strategies for controlling trachoma in NepalS O Holm
Francis I Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Bull World Health Organ 79:194-200. 2001..Antibiotic treatment reduced the prevalence of chlamydial infection more than it did the level of clinically active trachoma... - Cytochemical localization of glycogen in Chlamydia trachomatis inclusionsM L Chiappino
Francis I Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
J Bacteriol 177:5358-63. 1995..From these observations, we conclude that glycogen in inclusions of C. trachomatis originates in the organisms themselves... - Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV in young military men: evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral skills-building interventionC B Boyer
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0503, USA
Sex Transm Dis 28:349-55. 2001..Military personnel deployed to foreign countries with high endemic rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are at risk... - Immune response to the Chlamydia trachomatis outer membrane protein PorBDiane E Kawa
Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, 140 Earl Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Vaccine 22:4282-6. 2004.... - From the NIH: proceedings of a workshop on the importance of self-obtained vaginal specimens for detection of sexually transmitted infectionsMarcia M Hobbs
Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
Sex Transm Dis 35:8-13. 2008..Similarly, SOVs should be explored for use in the diagnosis of other sexually transmitted pathogens... - Use of multiple nucleic acid amplification tests to define the infected-patient "gold standard" in clinical trials of new diagnostic tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infectionsDavid H Martin
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
J Clin Microbiol 42:4749-58. 2004..This analytic approach provides a means of clearly visualizing the effects of changing NAAT-based infected-patient gold standards and should be helpful in designing future studies of new C. trachomatis diagnostic tests... - Impact of patient characteristics on performance of nucleic acid amplification tests and DNA probe for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in women with genital infectionsJeanne M Marrazzo
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
J Clin Microbiol 43:577-84. 2005..These findings support expanded use of NAAT for screening and diagnosis of C. trachomatis in diverse clinical populations of women... - The Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid deletion mutant--what does it mean to us?Julius Schachter
Sex Transm Dis 34:257. 2007 - Pelvic examination findings and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic young women screened with a nucleic acid amplification testWilliam M Geisler
STD Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 0007, USA
Sex Transm Dis 34:335-8. 2007..Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) allow chlamydia screening in asymptomatic women who otherwise may not have pelvic examinations. How often these women have examination findings that may prompt empiric therapy is unclear... - Slow epidemic of lymphogranuloma venereum L2b strainJoke Spaargaren
Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Emerg Infect Dis 11:1787-8. 2005..All recent lymphogranuloma venereum cases in Amsterdam were caused by the L2b variant. This variant was also present in the 1980s in San Francisco. Thus, the current "outbreak" is most likely a slowly evolving epidemic... - Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 2, and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 are not associated with grade of cervical neoplasia in Jamaican colposcopy patientsPhilip E Castle
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Sex Transm Dis 30:575-80. 2003..A few recent studies have suggested that other sexually transmitted infections may increase the likelihood of a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection progressing to high-grade cervical neoplasia and cancer... - Head-to-head multicenter comparison of DNA probe and nucleic acid amplification tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women performed with an improved reference standardCarolyn M Black
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C17, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
J Clin Microbiol 40:3757-63. 2002..trachomatis infections in women. In our study, NAATs improved the detection of infected women by 17 to 38% compared to PACE 2... - Comparison of an industry-derived LCx Chlamydia pneumoniae PCR research kit to in-house assays performed in five laboratoriesMax Chernesky
McMaster University, St Joseph s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
J Clin Microbiol 40:2357-62. 2002..19 to 0.74 on two challenges of 60 specimens 1 month apart. The LCx C. pneumoniae RUO PCR shows excellent potential for use in clinical studies, which could enable standardization of results in the field... - Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men and women entering California prisonsKyle T Bernstein
California Department of Health Services, Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Branch, Berkeley, USA
Am J Public Health 96:1862-6. 2006.... - What sexually transmitted disease screening method does the adolescent prefer? Adolescents' attitudes toward first-void urine, self-collected vaginal swab, and pelvic examinationMichelle Serlin
Children s Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156:588-91. 2002.... - Prototype misidentification makes conclusions about pathotype growth characteristics uncertainJulius Schachter
J Infect Dis 195:307-8; author reply 308-9. 2007 - Comparing ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or doxycycline for pelvic inflammatory disease: a randomized controlled trialRicardo Francalacci Savaris
Departamento e Serviço de Ginecologia e ObstetrÃcia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Obstet Gynecol 110:53-60. 2007..To evaluate the equivalence of ceftriaxone plus doxycycline or azithromycin for cases of mild pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)... - Polymorphisms in Chlamydia trachomatis tryptophan synthase genes differentiate between genital and ocular isolatesHarlan D Caldwell
Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
J Clin Invest 111:1757-69. 2003..We speculate that this relationship involves the production of indole by components of the vaginal microbial flora, allowing chlamydiae to escape IFN-gamma-mediated eradication and thus establish persistent infection... - Targeted treatment of active trachomaChandler R Dawson
JAMA 297:588-9; author reply 589-90. 2007