R G Robinson

..With the exception of pathological crying, which has been shown to respond to antidepressant drug therapy, the other post-stroke emotional/behavioral disorders need to be evaluated in controlled treatment trials for response to therapy...

..The purpose of this study was to compare escitalopram, problem-solving therapy, and placebo to prevent poststroke depression during 6 months after discontinuation of treatment...

..e. indicated intervention) or should we intervene in high-risk groups (i.e. selective intervention)? Furthermore, should primary outcomes be incident depressions or long-term decreases in morbidity or mortality?..

..Nefiracetam was not an effective treatment for poststroke depression but produced significant improvement in the most severely depressed patients...

..This study compared nortriptyline and fluoxetine with placebo in the treatment of depression and in recovery from physical and cognitive impairments after stroke...

..Poststroke depression has been shown in numerous studies to be associated with both impaired recovery in activities of daily living and increased mortality. Prevention of depression thus represents a potentially important goal...

..Future research should examine the effect of enhanced social support on poststroke depression and physical and cognitive recovery...

..The present study was designed to prospectively assess heart rate in relationship to depression among patients with acute stroke...

..Future studies should assess whether apathy without depression may respond to this novel treatment...

..4% among 62 patients with treatment resistant vascular depression. This study was undertaken to assess the outcome of continuation therapy to prevent relapse among these patients during 9 weeks after completion of rTMS...

..To review the world's (English-language) publications related to depression following stroke...

..We examined the differences on recovery of ADL functions among poststroke depressed patients with remission of their depression compared with poststroke depressed patients without mood recovery over the first 3 to 6 months after stroke...

..the continuum hypothesis of mood disorders in stroke victims. Authors discuss the significance of damage in left-hemisphere posterior portions of the brain for the development of minor depression after stroke...

..This finding suggests the need to extend prophylactic treatment and monitor patients carefully after the discontinuation of nortriptyline...

..CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these preliminary findings suggest that rTMS may be an effective and safe treatment alternative for patients with refractory depression and stroke...

..Lateral prefrontal damage may disrupt mood regulation and drive while leaving intact the ability to experience (negative) emotions...

..These findings suggest a different nature of poststroke depression in men and women and may have implications for its treatment...

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..This finding suggests that the pathophysiological processes determining the increased mortality risk associated with poststroke depression last longer than the depression itself and can be modified by antidepressants...

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..03). These findings suggest that the stimulation parameters used in this study were probably insufficient to produce treatment response and that frontal atrophy may interfere with the effectiveness of rTMS...

..This study supports the hypothesis that risk of poststroke depression is related to the location of brain injury...

..The current study was designed to examine how long that cognitive improvement lasts and to compare depressed patients' cognitive status with that of nondepressed patients with comparable lesions...

..The role of these differences in intensity of induced emotion and impairment in executive function in daily social and vocational activity should be investigated...

..Our findings also suggest that left hemisphere lesions, for unknown reasons, play an important role in poststroke sexual dysfunction...

..4, p<0.05). These findings indicate that left insular damage is associated with poorer performance on verbal memory tasks. The findings suggest that the insula may be part of a functional network that mediates verbal memory...

..Executive dysfunction is common after stroke and may impair long-term outcome. Remedies for this condition are limited...

..The mechanisms underlying the association of cerebrovascular diseases and mood disorder are important areas for future investigation...

..This suggests that alternate neural circuitry became responsible for maintaining the evolutionarily critical fear response after cerebellar damage...

..Future studies should benefit from higher spectral resolution and more extensive anatomic coverage as well as standardized data-processing protocols and subject selection criteria...

..The current study was conducted to confirm and extend those findings in a much larger, nonoverlapping sample...

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..Differences in the clinical/pathological correlates may reflect subtle differences in the pathophysiology of poststroke depression following prophylactic antidepressants...

..Fewer studies have examined other cerebral structures in early HD and potential associations with cognition...

..Preliminary data on poststroke depression suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) might also be effective among patients with VD...

..Adjunctive restorative therapies administered during the first few months after stroke, the period with the greatest degree of spontaneous recovery, reduce the number of stroke patients with significant disability...

..This study elucidates possible mechanisms contributing to psychiatric disturbances of emotion often found in patients with Huntington's disease...

..Alcohol abuse and/or dependence (AA/D) and mood disturbance are co-occurring conditions among patients who have had a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between these disorders has not been extensively studied...

..47 compared with 1.68; F=3.393, df=3, 19, p=0.044). Remote TBI displays limbic metabolic abnormalities, which correlate to social outcome and psychiatric status...

..Once PSD has developed, numerous studies have documented its adverse effect on cognitive recovery, physical recovery, and mortality. Taken together, these studies support the necessity of identifying and treating this condition...

..These findings support the hypothesis that age, presumably related to physiological response to brain injury, accounts for differences in the effect of major depression on cognitive function between stroke and TBI patients...

..The specific findings associated with sad affect were contingent on the comparison stimuli content (scenes or human faces), not affect (i.e., comparison with neutral or happy conditions)...

..Interventions aimed at treatment of depression and substance abuse and enhancing social support may help reduce the severity of this disruptive behavior...

..Major depression is a frequent psychiatric complication among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To our knowledge, however, the clinical correlates of major depression have not been extensively studied...

..Mood disorders occurring after TBI are clearly an area of neuropsychiatry in which further research in etiology as well as treatment is needed...

..This study was conducted to determine the relationship between blood vessel function and cognition in elderly patients with atherosclerosis...

..Findings revealed that prefrontal regulation of limbic circuits may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disturbed emotional expression...

..Alternatively, lower blood flow may be a cause, rather than a consequence, of smaller grey matter volume in the ACC...

..We will review the available evidence on the frequency, clinical correlates, mechanism, and treatment of apathy following stroke...

..The knowledge acquired in this study begins to explain the mechanisms underlying emotional changes following right MCA stroke. Recognizing these changes may improve diagnoses, management and rehabilitation of right MCA stroke victims...

..There are very few controlled trials examining the effectiveness of treatments for these disorders after stroke. Both depression and pathological affect, however, can be effectively treated with antidepressant medications...

..Understanding how gender influences depression in neurologic illness and its response to treatment is a necessary step to improve the specificity of psychiatric treatment for depression...

..Depression is a common psychiatric complication of temporal lobe epilepsy. This study examined the effect of depressed mood on neuropsychological performance among patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy...

..These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that there may be a time-related therapeutic window in the treatment of physical impairment associated with poststroke depression...

..Between end-of-treatment at 3 months and follow-up at 2 years, significant correlation was found between improvement in executive function and decrease in denial of illness...

..Clinical differences could arise from a direct effect of the difference in base sequence or, alternatively, from the effect of genetic or environmental modifiers...

..Patients in the active rTMS group improved significantly on a test of cognitive flexibility and conceptual tracking (Trail Making Test-B)...

..These data suggest that collecting five or six repeated measurements may be sufficient for accurately assessing change and that attempts to further precision should be accomplished by increasing the sample size...

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..To determine whether family history of psychiatric disorder constitutes a risk factor for the development of poststroke depression...

..Results suggest that vascular depression participants respond well to rTMS and that increased low-theta power in the subgenual ACC predicts response to rTMS...

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..CONCLUSIONS: The unawareness of emotions is a common impairment after right hemisphere stroke. This disorder may be significantly improved by antidepressant treatment...

..If depression accompanies aggression, the results of this small study suggest that successful treatment of depression may reduce aggressive behavior...

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..This study provides validation to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depression and dysthymic disorder for use in PD. The categories of minor and subsyndromal depression may need further validation...

..The authors propose a unifying term, involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED), and provide diagnostic criteria for this disorder...

..e. more atrophy lower response rate) and cognitive function. ..

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