F P Rivara

..To estimate prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) according to two abuse ascertainment tools, and agreement between the tools...

..Among the heaviest drinkers, the programme significantly increased the use of designated drivers and increased the use of taxis by 63%...

..The objective of this study was to review the evidence for the effectiveness of different strategies to prevent falls from heights in the construction industry...

..To determine the drinking and driving habits reported in people aged 21-34 years...

..Approximately 10 million cars with automatic shoulder belt systems are currently in use in the United States. However, reports on the effectiveness of such restraints have yielded conflicting results...

..To compare reviews done by editor-selected reviewers with reviews by author-suggested reviewers, examining the quality, timeliness, and recommendations of the 2 sets of reviewers...

..To determine the healthcare utilization and medical care costs of women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to women without a history of IPV...

..Our objective was to examine the capacity of current centers to handle an increased load from a mass casualty disaster...

..This study provides updated information on the number of deaths in the United States attributable to harmful drinking...

..Tobacco is the leading cause of death in the United States. The majority of people who smoke begin before age 18...

..To determine the number and characteristics of motor vehicle crash deaths related to police pursuits in the United States...

..There is an increased awareness of the problem of rollover crashes, but few data on children involved in rollover crashes in the United States...

..Information on which strategies have been shown to be effective, which are ineffective, and which strategies have been inadequately evaluated is important for both public policy and future research...

..To outline an approach and agenda for research to prevent injuries to children and adolescents...

..We sought to compare the survival of injured patients after transfer to a trauma center with survival from a comparable time after injury among patients who had been admitted to the trauma center directly from the scene of injury...

..The model developed for the prevention of bicycle injuries is widely applicable to other injury problems...

..The estimated risk is lowest for those born between 1966 and 1975, with 31% lower risk of IPV than those born in 1946-1955. There was a substantial drop in IPV for all age-groups beginning in the 1990s...

..These same strategies can be successfully used to evaluate methods for the prevention of injury due to child abuse...

..To describe the prevalence of pain in a large cohort of trauma patients 1 year after injury and to examine personal, injury, and treatment factors that predict the presence of chronic pain in these patients...

..One of the possible reasons may be poor fit of the helmet on the head. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between helmet fit and risk of injury...

..The goal was to determine whether differences in health care costs and utilization exist for children whose mothers experienced intimate partner violence versus those who did not...

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..Because of the difficulties in evaluating their effectiveness and the methodologic limitations of previously published studies, the relative benefits of establishing an organized system of trauma care remains controversial...

..To examine the protective effectiveness of bicycle helmets in 4 different age groups of bicyclists, in crashes involving motor vehicles, and by helmet type and certification standards...

..Because to our knowledge there are no population based data, we used a national database to investigate the epidemiology of Fournier's gangrene...

..Despite calls for wider national implementation of an integrated approach to trauma care, the effectiveness of this approach at a regional or state level remains unproven...

..Pediatricians have been at the helm behind most legislative initiatives to reduce injury among all people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)..

..Increased presence of air bags, motorcycle helmets, and bicycle helmets were associated with smaller reductions...

..Encouraging bicycle riders to wear helmets is key to preventing injuries; protective clothing and equipment, and general safety advice also may offer some protection...

..To examine the effectiveness of a widely disseminated bullying prevention program...

..The intervention included skill training for providers, environmental orchestration (posters in clinical areas, DV questions on health questionnaires), and measurement and feedback...

..To assess the attitudes and beliefs of the primary care provider team (physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and medical assistants) toward the identification and management of abused patients and perpetrators of domestic violence (DV)...

..However, whether a relationship exists between institutional volume and trauma outcomes remains unknown...

..CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating renal injury and for mortality in blunt injury. Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool...

..The goal of this study was to examine the association between patient complications and admission to Level I trauma centers (TC) compared with nontrauma centers (NTC)...

..Appropriate attention to the mental health of children living in households with IPV is needed...

..Design/methods: Surveys were mailed to a random sample of 550 licensed childcare centers in Washington State, approximately nine months before the law was to go into effect...

..To assess the effectiveness of helmets in preventing facial injuries...

..To further define children at highest risk, we set out to explore the effect of an older sibling and birth interval on the risk of injury related hospital admission or death...

..These laws are controversial, and their effect on firearm-related injuries is unknown...

..To evaluate the validity of parents' self reported home safety practices concerning smoke detectors, bike helmets, car seats, and water heater temperature...

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..Given that women's physical and mental health are important aspects of assisting women with safety planning and violence cessation strategies, implications for assessment and interventions for battered women are discussed...

..However, no large studies in the United States have examined the prevalence of bullying during elementary school or its association with objective measures of school attendance and achievement...

..The variation provides evidence of equipoise and emphasizes the need for a well-conducted randomized controlled trial to evaluate the utility of this procedure...

..This study sought to estimate how drowsiness related factors, and factors that might counteract drowsiness, are related to the risk of a crash...

..The injury rate among Hispanic teenage agricultural workers was also higher than that of non-Hispanics...

..We postulate that inclusive systems assure that severely injured patients are more likely to be triaged to a level I or II regional trauma center, and this greater degree of participation would lead to lower mortality...

..The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comorbidity index to predict the risk of mortality associated with chronic health conditions following a traumatic injury...

..4-1.5) was also significantly associated with treatment at the verified burn center. Injury severity and payer status were both found to be independent predictors of treatment at the single verified burn center in Washington...

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..Higher number of medical comorbidities was associated with increased mortality risk within 1 year following discharge...

..3%). In this series the predominant mechanism of head injury was lateral impacts, especially those in which the victims' heads struck the B-pillar. The need for improved head protection from lateral impacts is indicated...

..The purpose of this study was to perform a gender-based comparison of alcohol problems in trauma patients...

..In 2001, 6.3 million passengers were involved in motor vehicle crashes. This study aimed to determine the number of work days lost as a result of motor vehicle crashes and factors that influenced people's return to work...

..This study describes the development and psychometric properties of a measure of attitudes, beliefs, and self-reported behaviors related to the identification and management of DV...

..CONCLUSIONS: The Delphi technique provided a useful means to develop consensus on injury prevention research needs and questions for systematic review...

..To compare patient- and injury-related characteristics of trauma victims and pre-hospital trauma care systems among different developed and developing countries...

..An "aggressive" management strategy is associated with decreased mortality rate for patients with severe head injury, with no significant difference in functional status at discharge among survivors...

..Transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is a risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in trauma patients. Yet, there is a paucity of information regarding the risk of ARDS with incremental PRBCs exposure...

..Future larger scale trials of stepped collaborative care interventions for physically injured trauma survivors are recommended...

..To explore parental knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and barriers to use of booster seats in cars for 4-8 year old children...

..To estimate the ability of parents to recall the injuries of their children...

..To make progress, goals must be modest, and a dedicated constituency must be developed. "Victim advocacy" is a vital part of this process. Progress in injury control requires concerted community action...

..Prevention strategies need to be different from those in developed countries and should target commercial drivers more than private road users...

..There is little information on the limits of cerebral autoregulation and the autoregulatory capacity in children. The aim of this study was to compare dynamic cerebral autoregulation between healthy adolescents and adults...

..The Fournier's gangrene literature comes almost exclusively from tertiary referral centers. We used a population based database to evaluate variations in management and outcomes...

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..To enhance this counseling, we first need to know the natural course of adolescent drinking during the year after injury, as well as the predictors of problem drinking during that year...

..These environments represent the continuum of prehospital care in high income countries with more advanced prehospital trauma care systems...

..These findings suggest caution in clinical and policy applications of parental ratings of adolescent symptomatic and functional outcomes after injury...

..The trauma team has a unique opportunity to screen for concurrent risk behaviors. The objective of this study was to assess surgeon knowledge, attitudes, and current practice of screening for high-risk behaviors in injured adolescents...

..The optimal geographic distribution of burn centers has long been debated; however, the current distribution of centers relative to geographic area and population is unknown...

..To evaluate the effect of an intensivist-model of critical care delivery on the risk of death following injury...

..Adolescents constitute a high-risk population for traumatic physical injury, yet few longitudinal investigations have assessed the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over time in representative samples...

..Few large-scale, multisite investigations have assessed the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and health outcomes across the spectrum of patients with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)...

..Given how important the process is to the advancement of medicine, this oversight seems unfortunate. This article reviews several salient ethical challenges from the perspective of two editors of a pediatric journal...

..Rural parents preferred radio to television messages. Campaign messages highlighting the risks to child safety and the risk of a citation are likely to motivate booster seat use among Latino families...

..73, 95%CI: 0.63,0.86; and aRR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.55,0.76; respectively). Cessation of abuse among victims of IPV is associated with a decreased prevalence of depression...

..The resources needed and those available to support trauma care for a given region are currently unknown. Resource use and availability were evaluated for injured subjects across a large sample of the United States...

..However, it is possibly also due to an increased severity of injury in these occupants. These findings may have implications for vehicle safety design, as well as for transport safety policy...

..To conduct a systematic review of controlled trials for adolescent smoking cessation...

..Although the incidence and risk factors for VTE after trauma in adults have been well described, similar data regarding pediatric patients are lacking...

..Few investigations have comprehensively screened for posttraumatic symptomatic distress or identified predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in representative samples of surgical inpatients...

..Approximately 1.5 million US women experience intimate partner violence annually. Approximately 20% of these women obtain civil protection orders, but the effectiveness of such orders in preventing future violence is unclear...

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..This study identifies the most important research questions pertaining to the acute care of the injured patient using a Web-based Delphi technique to achieve consensus of expert opinion...

..The effect of these orders on future abuse has been estimated in only a few studies, with mixed results. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a CPO on the risk of future self-reported IPV and injury...

..86, 0.90) and administrative license revocation laws (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). Overall motorcycle mortality was lower when administrative license revocation laws were in effect (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98)...

..We conclude that estimates of seat belt effects based upon data prior to 1986 may be biased toward 1 by misclassification...

..We define the variability in the out-of-hospital treatment provided to trauma patients in the United States...

..We set out to evaluate how critical care is delivered in Level I and II trauma centers and the extent to which these centers implement evidence-based patient care practices known to improve outcome...

..In this study, we estimate the impact of interventions to reduce the prevalence of drinking among youth on subsequent drinking patterns and alcohol-attributable mortality...

..To examine factors other than injury severity that are likely to influence functional outcomes after hospitalization for injury...

..Early learning programs have proven benefits for impoverished children; Head Start is the most widespread of such programs. The current involvement of pediatricians in the Head Start enrollment process is unknown...

..No population-based studies have examined the degree to which practice parameters are followed for urinary tract infections in infants...

..This study describes injury incidence and severity among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white infants, children, and adolescents with serious traumatic injuries in Washington State...

..The study team represents an interdisciplinary group of very experienced investigators to carry out a rigorous study to provide information to inform future research, care and policy...