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| D D RichmanSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Conjugation of protein to immunostimulatory DNA results in a rapid, long-lasting and potent induction of cell-mediated and humoral immunityH Tighe
Department of Medicine, The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0663, USA
Eur J Immunol 30:1939-47. 2000..The data suggest that this procedure generates a novel and unique vaccine that rapidly triggers strong humoral and cell-mediated immunity...- HIV chemotherapyD D Richman
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, Departments of Pathology and Medicine 0679, La Jolla, California 92093 0679, USA
Nature 410:995-1001. 2001..Chronic therapy can also result in toxicity. These challenges prompt the search for new drugs and new therapeutic strategies to control chronic viral replication... - Principles of HIV resistance testing and overview of assay performance characteristicsD D Richman
Department of Pathology, San Diego VA Medical Center and University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92037 0679, USA
Antivir Ther 5:27-31. 2000..Several principles and biological factors impacting drug resistance testing are summarized. Considerations regarding quality control and validation of the performance of genotypic and phenotypic assays are also addressed... 
HIV evolution and escapeDouglas D Richman
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 0679, USA
Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 115:289-303. 2004..Certain selective pressures that drive the evolution of HIV include chemotherapy, anatomic compartmentalization and the immune response. Examples of these selective forces on HIV evolution are described...- Introduction: challenges to finding a cure for HIV infectionDouglas D Richman
VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Pathology, Center for AIDS Research, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
Curr Opin HIV AIDS 6:1-3. 2011..Renewed interest has emerged to address the latent reservoir of HIV to achieve a cure... - The prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in the United StatesDouglas D Richman
VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, The University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Santa Monica, California 92093 0679, USA
AIDS 18:1393-401. 2004..Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality of infection due to HIV. The emergence of drug-resistant virus has limited the usefulness of many drugs... - Benefits and limitations of testing for resistance to HIV drugsDouglas D Richman
Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, Departments of Pathology and Medicine, 0679, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
J Antimicrob Chemother 53:555-7. 2004..The types of drug resistance tests and their relative advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. How and when these tests should be used to inform HIV clinical practice and their place in anti-HIV drug development are considered... 
The challenge of finding a cure for HIV infectionDouglas D Richman
San Diego VA Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
Science 323:1304-7. 2009..This review discusses our current understanding of suppressive antiretroviral therapy, the latent viral reservoir, and the needs for and challenges of attacking this reservoir to achieve a cure...- Antiviral drug resistanceDouglas D Richman
University of California San Diego, Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, United States
Antiviral Res 71:117-21. 2006..For HIV and increasingly for other viruses drug resistance testing has become standard-of-care in clinical practice. A few selected examples are provided to illustrate each of these points... - Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infectionDouglas D Richman
Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and the University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:4144-9. 2003..These data argue that neutralizing antibody responses account for the extensive variation in the envelope gene that is observed in the early months after primary HIV infection... - Drug susceptibility in HIV infection after viral rebound in patients receiving indinavir-containing regimensD V Havlir
University of California, San Diego 92103, USA
JAMA 283:229-34. 2000.... - Human immunodeficiency virus replication and genotypic resistance in blood and lymph nodes after a year of potent antiretroviral therapyH F Gunthard
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0679, USA
J Virol 72:2422-8. 1998..These findings argue that HIV replication differs significantly between patients on potent antiretroviral therapy with low but detectable viral loads and those with undetectable viral loads... - Prevalence and predictive value of intermittent viremia with combination hiv therapyD V Havlir
University of California, San Diego, 150 W Washington, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
JAMA 286:171-9. 2001.... - Reduction of HIV-1 in blood and lymph nodes following potent antiretroviral therapy and the virologic correlates of treatment failureJ K Wong
Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:12574-9. 1997..Conversely, the persistence of even modest levels of plasma virus after 1 year of treatment reflects ongoing viral replication, the emergence of drug resistance, and the maintenance of high burdens of virus in the lymph nodes... - Effect of influenza vaccination on viral replication and immune response in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus receiving potent antiretroviral therapyH F Gunthard
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
J Infect Dis 181:522-31. 2000.... - In vivo compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus: evidence from the examination of pol sequences from autopsy tissuesJ K Wong
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093 0679, USA
J Virol 71:2059-71. 1997..These observations support the concept of anatomically distinct, independently evolving quasispecies (virodemes)... - Maintenance of Nef-mediated modulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and CD4 after sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1C M Noviello
Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Virol 81:4776-86. 2007..These data suggest that both functions are important for the successful establishment of infection in a new host... - Higher selection pressure from antiretroviral drugs in vivo results in increased evolutionary distance in HIV-1 polH F Gunthard
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, USA
Virology 259:154-65. 1999..A disproportionally high number of synonymous substitutions accounted for the observed divergence and indicated that such genetic changes may not be completely silent... - Failure of dideoxynucleosides to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication in cultured human macrophagesD D Richman
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego 92161
J Exp Med 166:1144-9. 1987..New therapeutic approaches to inhibit the replication of HIV in MDM may be needed... - A phase II randomized study of HIV-specific T-cell gene therapy in subjects with undetectable plasma viremia on combination antiretroviral therapySteven G Deeks
University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
Mol Ther 5:788-97. 2002..Both groups experienced a treatment-related increase in CD4(+) T-cell counts... - Heterogeneous clearance rates of long-lived lymphocytes infected with HIV: intrinsic stability predicts lifelong persistenceM C Strain
Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 90293, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:4819-24. 2003..Eradication will not be achieved with complete inhibition of viral replication alone... - In vivo antagonism with zidovudine plus stavudine combination therapyD V Havlir
1University of California, San Diego, 2San Diego VA Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
J Infect Dis 182:321-5. 2000..Analysis of these data suggests that zidovudine and d4T should not be prescribed in combination and that ddI provides greater antiviral activity than d4T in zidovudine-treated patients... - Estimating selection pressures on HIV-1 using phylogenetic likelihood modelsS L Kosakovsky Pond
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
Stat Med 27:4779-89. 2008..To illustrate our methods, we present an analysis of compartment-specific evolution of HIV-1 env in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and of site-to-site variation in the gag gene of subtype C HIV-1... - Lipid prodrugs of phosphonoacids: greatly enhanced antiviral activity of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonoformate in HIV-1, HSV-1 and HCMV-infected cells, in vitroK Y Hostetler
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0676, USA
Antiviral Res 31:59-67. 1996..In view of its greatly increased in vitro potency and selectivity, 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonoformate may be useful in treating viral diseases... - Viral dynamics of acute HIV-1 infectionS J Little
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92103, USA
J Exp Med 190:841-50. 1999..These measurements provide a basis for comparison of vaccine and other strategies and support the validity of the simian immunodeficiency virus macaque model of acute HIV infection... - The antiviral effect of zidovudine and ribavirin in clinical trials and the use of p24 antigen levels as a virologic markerS A Spector
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
J Infect Dis 159:822-8. 1989..These data indicate that decline in p24 antigenemia can be a useful virologic marker in evaluation of new antiretroviral drugs... - Incidence of AIDS dementia in a two-year follow-up of AIDS and ARC patients on an initial phase II AZT placebo-controlled study: San Diego cohortJ J Day
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 4:15-20. 1992..The results suggest that patients at CDC Stage IV who do not receive antiretroviral treatment earlier in their illness may develop clinical dementia at an annual rate of about 14%... - Quality of life in a placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complexA W Wu
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:683-90. 1990..Whether existing measures can detect real differences among survivors will require testing in patients with less advanced disease... - Nevirapine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus: kinetics of replication and estimated prevalence in untreated patientsD V Havlir
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego 92103, USA
J Virol 70:7894-9. 1996..In two subjects, the calculated prevalence of the 181 mutant virus prior to treatment was 7 and 133 per 10,000 copies of plasma HIV RNA... - Genetic attributes of cerebrospinal fluid-derived HIV-1 envSatish K Pillai
University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine NCIRE, La Jolla, CA 94121, USA
Brain 129:1872-83. 2006..Furthermore, neurological impairment may be influenced by mutations within the viral V3 loop sequence... - Phosphatidylazidothymidine and phosphatidyl-ddC: assessment of uptake in mouse lymphoid tissues and antiviral activities in human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells and in Rauscher leukemia virus-infected miceK Y Hostetler
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0676, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:2792-7. 1994.... - Human immunodeficiency virus replication in AIDS patients with Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia: a case control study. California Collaborative Treatment GroupD V Havlir
University of California, San Diego, USA
J Infect Dis 177:595-9. 1998..01). In AIDS patients, the onset of MAC bacteremia is associated with a modest but significant increase in serum HIV RNA levels. Increased HIV replication may contribute to the higher mortality associated with MAC bacteremia... - Effect of stage of disease and drug dose on zidovudine susceptibilities of isolates of human immunodeficiency virusD D Richman
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:743-6. 1990..Patients receiving lower doses of zidovudine at both early and late stages of disease did not develop resistance more readily than patients receiving higher doses of drug... - Genetic composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and blood without treatment and during failing antiretroviral therapyM C Strain
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
J Virol 79:1772-88. 2005.... - Predictors of self-reported adherence and plasma HIV concentrations in patients on multidrug antiretroviral regimensA L Gifford
Health Services Research and Development, VA San Diego Healthcare System, California 92161, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 23:386-95. 2000..Adherence to prescribed medications is a central feature of good clinical HIV care, but little is known about the factors associated with multidrug antiretroviral adherence, or about how such adherence is related to plasma HIV suppression... - Temporal gene regulation during HIV-1 infection of human CD4+ T cellsJ Corbeil
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, USA
Genome Res 11:1198-204. 2001..This choreographed host gene response indicated that the subversion of the cell transcriptional machinery for the purpose of HIV-1 replication is akin to genotoxic stress and represents a major factor leading to HIV-induced apoptosis... - Dynamics of total, linear nonintegrated, and integrated HIV-1 DNA in vivo and in vitroKersten K Koelsch
University of California, San Diego, USA
J Infect Dis 197:411-9. 2008..Recent studies report an association between HIV-1 DNA levels, disease progression, and treatment outcome. However, HIV-1 DNA exists as distinct molecular forms that are not distinguished by conventional assays... - Comparison of algorithms that interpret genotypic HIV-1 drug resistance to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistanceLin Liu
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 0679, USA
AIDS 22:835-9. 2008..We compared eight genotypic interpretation methods to determine whether the method used would affect the rates of reported transmitted drug resistance... - Combination therapy with recombinant human soluble CD4-immunoglobulin G and zidovudine in patients with HIV infection: a phase I studyT C Meng
University of California, San Diego
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 8:152-60. 1995..Mean hemoglobin and neutrophil counts decreased, and mean platelet counts increased in all regimens, but there were no significant differences among regimens, rCD4-IgG dose, or ZDV dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).. - Detecting human immunodeficiency virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nucleic acid hybridizationD D Richman
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego
J Infect Dis 156:823-7. 1987..Nucleic acid hybridization offers a more rapid, simple, and inexpensive alternative to culture for detecting HIV-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells... - Clade B HIV-1 superinfection with wild-type virus after primary infection with drug-resistant clade B virusKersten K Koelsch
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
AIDS 17:F11-6. 2003.... - The origins of sexually transmitted HIV among men who have sex with menDavid M Butler
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Sci Transl Med 2:18re1. 2010.... - Multiple measures of HIV burden in blood and tissue are correlated with each other but not with clinical parameters in aviremic subjectsPeter A Anton
University of California, Los Angeles, the San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
AIDS 17:53-63. 2003..Lack of correlation between levels of HIV in residual reservoirs and duration of HAART suggests treatment-mediated viral suppression alone does not lead to reproducible decay in HIV reservoirs... - HIV-1 preintegration complexes preferentially integrate into longer target DNA molecules in solution as detected by a sensitive, polymerase chain reaction-based integration assayA Brooun
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Biol Chem 276:46946-52. 2001.... - Preferential replication of HIV-1 in the CD45RO memory cell subset of primary CD4 lymphocytes in vitroC A Spina
The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161, USA
J Clin Invest 99:1774-85. 1997..Our results indicate that HIV replication is enhanced selectively in CD45RO memory phenotype cells through the probable contribution of specialized cellular factors which are produced during CD3-initiated signal transduction... - Diagnosis of primary HIV-1 infection. Los Angeles County Primary HIV Infection Recruitment NetworkE S Daar
Cedars Sinai Burns and Allen Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Ann Intern Med 134:25-9. 2001..The optimal approach for diagnosing primary HIV-1 infection has not been defined... - A computer-based, image-analysis method to quantify HIV-1 infection in a single-cycle infectious center assayJohn R Day
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
J Virol Methods 137:125-33. 2006..The results indicate that the described method allows for the rapid quantitation of infected cells over a wide range of viral inocula with reproducibility, accuracy and relatively low cost... - Transmission fitness of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus and the prevalence of resistance in the antiretroviral-treated populationAndrew J Leigh Brown
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
J Infect Dis 187:683-6. 2003..It revealed that resistant virus was transmitted only approximately 20% as frequently as expected from these patients. Individuals with primary resistance may become a significant source of resistant strains... - In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of sn-2-substituted 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonoformate analogues and synergy with zidovudineK Y Hostetler
Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
Antivir Chem Chemother 11:213-9. 2000..1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol analogues of PFA have selective antiviral properties and warrant further evaluation as potential antiretroviral drugs... - Immunostimulatory DNA-based vaccines elicit multifaceted immune responses against HIV at systemic and mucosal sitesA A Horner
Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Immunol 167:1584-91. 2001..Based on these results, ISS-based immunization holds promise for the development of an effective preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccine... - Reduced antiretroviral drug susceptibility among patients with primary HIV infectionS J Little
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
JAMA 282:1142-9. 1999..The transmission of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented, but the prevalence of such transmission is unknown... - HIV-1 infection and expression in human colonic cells: infection and expression in CD4+ and CD4- cell linesM B Omary
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0623
AIDS 5:275-81. 1991..These studies provide further evidence that HIV-1 can infect cells by mechanisms other than those mediated by the CD4 receptor and describe complementary models for analyzing HIV-1 infection and expression in colonic epithelial cells... - HIV induces lymphocyte apoptosis by a p53-initiated, mitochondrial-mediated mechanismD Genini
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0663, USA
FASEB J 15:5-6. 2001..Our results suggest that HIV activates the p53 pathway, leading to cytochrome c and AIF release with ensuing caspase activation... - Spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV propagationM C Strain
Physics Department, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive UH 220, La Jolla, CA 92093 0319, USA
J Theor Biol 218:85-96. 2002..The geometry-limited regime can be modulated by downregulation of CD4. These different properties are analysed quantitatively and compared with previous experimental results... - Evidence for positive selection driving the evolution of HIV-1 env under potent antiviral therapyS D Frost
Centre for HIV Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Virology 284:250-8. 2001.... - Evolution of the interferon alpha gene family in eutherian mammalsChristopher H Woelk
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Gene 397:38-50. 2007..Gene conversion, similar to duplication, provides a mechanism by which the protein product of a specific IFNA gene can be increased... - Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection does not influence viral dynamics during early HIV-1 infectionEdward R Cachay
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA
J Infect Dis 195:1270-7. 2007..We sought to compare baseline and longitudinal plasma HIV-1 loads between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive and -seronegative individuals who are enrolled in a primary HIV-1 infection cohort in San Diego, California... - Adaptation to human populations is revealed by within-host polymorphisms in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virusArt F Y Poon
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
PLoS Pathog 3:e45. 2007.... - Pooled nucleic acid testing to detect antiretroviral treatment failure in MexicoMyres W Tilghman
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0711, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 56:e70-4. 2011..We evaluated if a pooling method could improve efficiency and reduce costs while maintaining accuracy... - Lack of neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 predisposes to superinfectionDavey M Smith
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
Virology 355:1-5. 2006..These data have considerable implications for vaccine development... - Neutralizing antibody responses drive the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope during recent HIV infectionSimon D W Frost
Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:18514-9. 2005..Our results suggest that autologous neutralizing antibody responses may play a pivotal role in the diversification of HIV-1 envelope during the early stages of infection... - Long-term persistence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in male genital tract secretions: implications for secondary transmissionDavey M Smith
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
J Infect Dis 196:356-60. 2007..Transmitted drug-resistant HIV slowly reverts in the blood to drug-sensitive virus. The environment of the male genital tract (MGT) may result in even slower rates of reversion to drug susceptibility... - Mapping protease inhibitor resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence polymorphisms within patientsArt F Y Poon
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
J Virol 81:13598-607. 2007..These positions are under strong positive selection in the PI-naive patient population, implying that other factors can produce spurious associations with resistance, e.g., mutational escape from the immune response... - Herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition during recent HIV infection does not influence plasma HIV levelsEdward R Cachay
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103 8681, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:592-6. 2008..5 log10 copies/mL over 11 days). The HSV-2 incidence rate was high in our cohort of recently HIV-infected individuals; however, HSV-2 acquisition did not significantly change the plasma HIV dynamics and CD4 cell levels... - A novel codon insert in protease of clade B HIV type 1Parris S Jordan
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 25:547-50. 2009..A one codon insert was observed in the protease region between codon 40 and 41 simultaneously with a two codon insert present in the reverse transcriptase region at codon 69... - The use of pooled viral load testing to identify antiretroviral treatment failureDavey M Smith
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
AIDS 23:2151-8. 2009.... - Select resistance-associated mutations in blood are associated with lower CSF viral loads and better neuropsychological performanceGeorge K Hightower
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Virology 394:243-8. 2009..Our study evaluated whether antiretroviral resistance was associated with viral loads in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and better neuropsychological (NP) performance... - Gene expression before HAART initiation predicts HIV-infected individuals at risk of poor CD4+ T-cell recoveryChristopher H Woelk
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
AIDS 24:217-22. 2010..To identify a pre-HAART gene expression signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) predictive of CD4 T-cell recovery during HAART in HIV-infected individuals... - Pleocytosis is associated with disruption of HIV compartmentalization between blood and cerebral spinal fluid viral populationsDavey M Smith
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
Virology 385:204-8. 2009.... - A public health model for the molecular surveillance of HIV transmission in San Diego, CaliforniaDavey M Smith
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
AIDS 23:225-32. 2009..Here, we investigate how molecular epidemiology can be used to identify highly related HIV networks within a population and how voluntary contact tracing of sexual partners can be used to selectively target these networks... - Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with menDavid M Butler
University of California, San Diego, California, USA
AIDS 22:1667-71. 2008..We compared the relationships of HIV-1 transmission risk with blood plasma viral load, seminal plasma viral load, herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and other factors... - Evaluation of an HIV nucleic acid testing program with automated Internet and voicemail systems to deliver resultsSheldon R Morris
Antiviral Research Center, University of California San Diego, 200 Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
Ann Intern Med 152:778-85. 2010..Nucleic acid testing (NAT) in routine HIV testing programs can increase the detection of infected individuals, but the most effective implementation of NAT remains unclear... - Minority variants of drug-resistant HIVSara Gianella
Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 0679, USA
J Infect Dis 202:657-66. 2010..In this review, we summarize the attributes and limitations of the currently available detection assays and review the existing information about both acquired and transmitted drug-resistant minority variants... - Persistence of transmitted drug resistance among subjects with primary human immunodeficiency virus infectionSusan J Little
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
J Virol 82:5510-8. 2008..The prolonged persistence of transmitted drug resistance strongly supports the routine use of HIV resistance genotyping for all newly diagnosed individuals... - The efficiency of single genome amplification and sequencing is improved by quantitation and use of a bioinformatics toolDavid M Butler
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0679, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
J Virol Methods 162:280-3. 2009..Standard methods of SGA sequencing can be costly and both time- and labor-intensive. By choosing a terminal dilution concentration with the proposed method, the number of PCRs required is decreased and efficiency improved... - HIV drug resistance acquired through superinfectionDavey M Smith
University of California San Diego, USA
AIDS 19:1251-6. 2005..We report an individual initially infected with a drug-sensitive clade B strain of HIV who was superinfected with another clade B strain resistant to two classes of antiretroviral drugs... - Interferon gene expression following HIV type 1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophagesChristopher H Woelk
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 0679, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:1210-22. 2004..The nuclear factor in activated T cells (NFAT) and members of the interferon family of transcription factors appeared to be responsible for the upregulation of this set of interferon-stimulated genes following HIV-1 exposure... - HIV superinfectionDavey M Smith
University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA
J Infect Dis 192:438-44. 2005..Here, we review the current understanding of HIV superinfection... - A randomized, prospective study of phenotype susceptibility testing versus standard of care to manage antiretroviral therapy: CCTG 575Richard H Haubrich
University of California, San Diego, California, USA
AIDS 19:295-302. 2005..To assess phenotype susceptibility testing (PHENO) with standard of care (SOC) to improve antiretroviral therapy... - Antiretroviral-drug resistance among patients recently infected with HIVSusan J Little
Antiviral Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92103, USA
N Engl J Med 347:385-94. 2002..Among persons in North America who are newly infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the prevalence of transmitted resistance to antiretroviral drugs has been estimated at 1 to 11 percent... - Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope variation and neutralizing antibody responses during transmission of HIV-1 subtype BSimon D W Frost
UCSD Antiviral Research Center, 150 W Washington St, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
J Virol 79:6523-7. 2005..We suggest that limited genetic variation within the infecting host reduces the likelihood of selective transmission of neutralization-sensitive HIV... - Semen-specific genetic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envSatish K Pillai
University of California, San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC 0679, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
J Virol 79:1734-42. 2005..Our analysis suggests that the male genital tract represents a distinct selective environment that contributes to the apparent genetic bottlenecks associated with the sexual transmission of HIV-1... - In vitro evaluation of experimental agents for anti-HIV activityD D Richman
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Curr Protoc Immunol . 2001..Calculation of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) is also presented... - CD40 ligand (CD154) stimulation of macrophages to produce HIV-1-suppressive beta-chemokinesR S Kornbluth
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:5205-10. 1998..This pathway may play a role in anti-HIV-1 immunity and the development of immunologic reactions or lesions... - Productive infection and subsequent interaction of CD4-gp120 at the cellular membrane is required for HIV-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cellsJ Corbeil
Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of California, San Diego
J Gen Virol 76:681-90. 1995.... - The prostate as a reservoir for HIV-1Davey M Smith
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
AIDS 18:1600-2. 2004..Six of the nine participants had undetectable seminal plasma(SP) HIV RNA in all samples without previous PM, but had detectable SP HIV RNA (> 25 copies/ml) in one to three samples collected after PM... - Evaluation of a highly sensitive qualitative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA assay for detection of HIV-1 suppressionC Thomas Nugent
Gen Probe, Incorporated, San Diego, California 92121, USA
J Clin Microbiol 47:833-6. 2009.... - Adaptation to different human populations by HIV-1 revealed by codon-based analysesSergei L Kosakovsky Pond
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
PLoS Comput Biol 2:e62. 2006..Additionally, we have identified seven amino acid sites in protease and reverse transcriptase that are selected differentially in the two samples, demonstrating specific population-level adaptation of HIV to human populations... - Broadly increased sensitivity to cytotoxic T lymphocytes resulting from Nef epitope escape mutationsAyub Ali
Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, Center for Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
J Immunol 171:3999-4005. 2003..Given the rarity of nef frameshifts in vivo, these data support the concept that the ability to down-regulate MHC-I could be a key constraint for preservation of Nef in vivo... - Effects of treatment intensification with hydroxyurea in HIV-infected patients with virologic suppressionD V Havlir
University of California at San Diego and the San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92103, USA
AIDS 15:1379-88. 2001..CONCLUSIONS: Switching to IDV + ddI + d4T + HU in patients treated with IDV + ZDV + 3TC was associated with a worse outcome, principally because of drug toxicity... - Effect of treatment, during primary infection, on establishment and clearance of cellular reservoirs of HIV-1Matthew C Strain
Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
J Infect Dis 191:1410-8. 2005..1 IUPM; P<.0005). These results suggest that treatment <6 months after seroconversion may facilitate long-term control of cellular reservoirs that maintain HIV-1 infection during treatment... - Codon volatility does not reflect selective pressure on the HIV-1 genomeSatish K Pillai
University of California, San Diego, Stein Clinical Research Building, Room 325, 9500 Gilman Drive 0679, La Jolla 92093, USA
Virology 336:137-43. 2005..Volatility failed to correlate with the results of any of the comparative methods demonstrating that it is not a reliable indicator of selection pressure... - Dissecting the neutralizing antibody specificities of broadly neutralizing sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected donorsAmandeep K Dhillon
The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology IMM 2, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
J Virol 81:6548-62. 2007..The most likely epitope recognized by the monomeric gp120 binding neutralizing fraction is the CD4 binding site, although other epitopes, such as the glycan shield, cannot be excluded... - Antibody elicited against the gp41 N-heptad repeat (NHR) coiled-coil can neutralize HIV-1 with modest potency but non-neutralizing antibodies also bind to NHR mimeticsJosh D Nelson
Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Virology 377:170-83. 2008..Nevertheless, the mAb panel may be useful as tools for elucidating access restrictions to the NHR of gp41 and in designing potential improvements to mimetics of receptor-activated Env... - Viral evolution in response to the broad-based retroviral protease inhibitor TL-3B Buhler
Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
J Virol 75:9502-8. 2001..These results suggest that deficient protease enzymatic activity is sufficient for function, and the observed protease restoration might imply a selective advantage, at least in vitro, for increased protease activity... - Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panelScott M Hammer
Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
JAMA 300:555-70. 2008.... - Drug resistance mutations in HIV-1Jonathan M Schapiro
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Top HIV Med 11:92-6. 2003 - Questions to and answers from the International AIDS Society-USA Resistance Testing Guidelines PanelMartin S Hirsch
Top HIV Med 11:150-4. 2003..We are happy to feature the latest edition in this issue of Topics in HIV Medicine. It is our hope that addressing these issues will help guide your treatment strategy decisions regarding resistance testing... - Baseline predictors of CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery with combination antiretroviral therapyKara K Bennett
SDAC, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31:20-6. 2002..01) had higher increases in phase I changes. Phase II CD4 cell counts did not depend solely on baseline HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 cell counts but on their interaction (p =.0001) as well as on achieving virologic suppression (p =.0009)... - Antiretroviral treatment for adult HIV infection in 2002: updated recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA PanelPatrick G Yeni
Hopital Bichat Claude Bernard, Department of Infectious Diseases, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, Cedex 18 France 75877
JAMA 288:222-35. 2002..These updated recommendations are intended to guide practicing physicians actively involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related care... - Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infectionsVictor Appay
MRC Human Immunology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Nat Med 8:379-85. 2002..These findings challenge the current definitions of memory and effector subsets in humans, and suggest that ascribing effector and memory functions to subsets with different differentiation phenotypes is no longer appropriate...
Research Grants
- BIOMATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VIRAL DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTIONDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2009..HIV in the central nervous system is associated with HIV dementia; we will investigate genetic changes in the virus associated with a neurotropic phenotype. ..
- Southern California Primary Infection ProgramDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2007..We will develop a set of on-line resources and communications technologies that facilitate scholarly exchange, distance-independent collaboration, information dissemination, education and training. ..
- AIDS TRAINING GRANTDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2007..D. and Ph.D. trainees and to provide the environment and opportunities that will result in young independent investigators in the areas of medically relevant basic research and scientifically oriented clinical research. ..
- BIOMATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VIRAL DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTIONDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2007..HIV in the central nervous system is associated with HIV dementia; we will investigate genetic changes in the virus associated with a neurotropic phenotype. ..
- Meeting support for HIV Evolution and DynamicsDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- ANTIVIRAL RESISTANCE IN AIDSDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2004....
- Biomathematical analysis of viral dynamics/evolutionDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2004....
- 9th Annual International Mtg on HIV Dynamics & EvolutionDouglas Richman; Fiscal Year: 2002..Participants in the 9th Meeting will include leading figures in virology, biomathematics, and evolution, as well as junior workers actively involved in research in these areas. ..
- BIOMATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VIRAL DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTIONDouglas D Richman; Fiscal Year: 2010..HIV in the central nervous system is associated with HIV dementia;we will investigate genetic changes in the virus associated with a neurotropic phenotype. ..