B A Richardson

Summary

Affiliation: University of Washington
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission interventions in Kenya: health systems are more influential than stigma
    John Kinuthia
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 14:61. 2011
  2. ncbi Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in Uganda
    Laura R Sangaré
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    Malar J 10:152. 2011
  3. ncbi Medication diaries do not improve outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kenyan children: a randomized clinical trial
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Paediatrics University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 12:8. 2009
  4. ncbi Predictors of mortality in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a prospective cohort
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
    BMC Pediatr 10:33. 2010
  5. ncbi Higher pre-infection vitamin E levels are associated with higher mortality in HIV-1-infected Kenyan women: a prospective study
    Susan M Graham
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    BMC Infect Dis 7:63. 2007
  6. ncbi Use of nonoxynol-9 and changes in vaginal lactobacilli
    B A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 178:441-5. 1998
  7. ncbi Modeling breastmilk infectivity in HIV-1 infected mothers
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359931, 325 Ninth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    Biometrics 59:179-85. 2003
  8. ncbi Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral loads in Kenyan women, men, and infants during primary and early infection
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington and Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98104, USA
    J Virol 77:7120-3. 2003
  9. ncbi Basic statistical considerations in virological experiments
    Barbra A Richardson
    Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA
    J Virol 79:669-76. 2005
  10. ncbi Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 disease progression among postpartum Kenyan women
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98194 2499, USA
    AIDS 21:749-53. 2007

Detail Information

Publications90

  1. ncbi Uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission interventions in Kenya: health systems are more influential than stigma
    John Kinuthia
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 14:61. 2011
    ....
  2. ncbi Patterns of anti-malarial drug treatment among pregnant women in Uganda
    Laura R Sangaré
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    Malar J 10:152. 2011
    ..The study objective was to determine the degree to which presumed episodes of uncomplicated symptomatic malaria in pregnancy were treated with a recommended anti-malarial regimen in a region of Uganda...
  3. ncbi Medication diaries do not improve outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kenyan children: a randomized clinical trial
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Paediatrics University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 12:8. 2009
    ..abstract:..
  4. ncbi Predictors of mortality in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a prospective cohort
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
    BMC Pediatr 10:33. 2010
    ..Among children, early mortality following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains high. It is important to define correlates of mortality in order to improve outcome...
  5. ncbi Higher pre-infection vitamin E levels are associated with higher mortality in HIV-1-infected Kenyan women: a prospective study
    Susan M Graham
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    BMC Infect Dis 7:63. 2007
    ..However, vitamin E supplementation has also been reported to increase CCR5 expression, which could increase HIV-1 replication. We hypothesized that vitamin E levels at HIV-1 acquisition may influence disease progression...
  6. ncbi Use of nonoxynol-9 and changes in vaginal lactobacilli
    B A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 178:441-5. 1998
    ..5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3). These data suggest that daily use of N-9 does not adversely affect vaginal colonization by H2O2-producing lactobacilli but that such use may promote loss of non-H2O2-producing strains...
  7. ncbi Modeling breastmilk infectivity in HIV-1 infected mothers
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359931, 325 Ninth Avenue Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    Biometrics 59:179-85. 2003
    ..Data from a randomized trial of breastfeeding versus formula feeding among HIV-1 infected mothers in Nairobi, Kenya, are used to illustrate the methods...
  8. ncbi Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral loads in Kenyan women, men, and infants during primary and early infection
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington and Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98104, USA
    J Virol 77:7120-3. 2003
    ....
  9. ncbi Basic statistical considerations in virological experiments
    Barbra A Richardson
    Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA
    J Virol 79:669-76. 2005
  10. ncbi Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 disease progression among postpartum Kenyan women
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98194 2499, USA
    AIDS 21:749-53. 2007
    ..To assess the immediate and longer-term effects of the use of hormonal contraception on the progression of HIV-1 disease in postpartum women...
  11. ncbi Statistical methods for determining the accuracy of quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based tests
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Stat Med 26:895-902. 2007
    ..These methods are applied to data from an experiment to test the accuracy of a real-time PCR assay at low HIV-1 DNA copy levels...
  12. ncbi Breast-milk infectivity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 187:736-40. 2003
    ..The probability of HIV-1 infection per liter of breast milk ingested by an infant is similar in magnitude to the probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 per unprotected sex act in adults...
  13. ncbi Hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted disease acquisition: results from a prospective study
    J M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 185:380-5. 2001
    ..To examine the relationship between use of oral contraceptive pills or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and sexually transmitted disease acquisition...
  14. ncbi Trends in HIV-1 incidence in a cohort of prostitutes in Kenya: implications for HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials
    J M Baeten
    Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 24:458-64. 2000
    ..Little information is available on the estimated incidence of HIV-1 in such populations, especially information on incidence over time and incidence while participating in risk-reduction programs...
  15. ncbi Correlates of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: association with maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA load, genital HIV-1 DNA shedding, and breast infections
    G C John
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Infect Dis 183:206-212. 2001
    ..Use of methods that decrease infant exposure to HIV-1 in maternal genital secretions or breast milk may enhance currently recommended perinatal HIV-1 interventions...
  16. ncbi CCR5, RANTES and SDF-1 polymorphisms and mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission
    D A Katz
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    Int J Immunogenet 37:301-5. 2010
    ....
  17. ncbi Association of levels of HIV-1-infected breast milk cells and risk of mother-to-child transmission
    Christine M Rousseau
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
    J Infect Dis 190:1880-8. 2004
    ..09; P=.03) and breast milk (HR, 1.01; P=1.00). This suggests that infected BMCs may play a more important role in transmission of HIV via breast-feeding than does cell-free virus...
  18. ncbi Maternal SDF1 3'A polymorphism is associated with increased perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    J Virol 74:5736-9. 2000
    ....
  19. ncbi HIV-1 persists in breast milk cells despite antiretroviral treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission
    Dara A Lehman
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    AIDS 22:1475-85. 2008
    ..The effects of short-course antiretrovirals given to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) on temporal patterns of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA in breast milk are not well defined...
  20. ncbi Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its relationship to infant infection and maternal disease
    Christine M Rousseau
    Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    J Infect Dis 187:741-7. 2003
    ..3-3.0; P<.001). These results indicate that the risk of infant infection from breast-feeding is influenced by breast-milk virus load, which is highest early after delivery...
  21. ncbi Shedding of human herpesvirus 8 in oral and genital secretions from HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative Kenyan women
    Melanie M Taylor
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    J Infect Dis 190:484-8. 2004
    ..1 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.0]). In HIV-1-seropositive women, there was no association between detection of HHV8 and either CD4 count or HIV-1 viral load...
  22. ncbi Evaluation of a low-dose nonoxynol-9 gel for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized clinical trial
    B A Richardson
    Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98104-2499, USA
    Sex Transm Dis 28:394-400. 2001
    ....
  23. ncbi Vitamin A supplementation and genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among HIV-1-infected women: a randomized clinical trial
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 189:1466-71. 2004
    ..Vitamin A supplementation is unlikely to decrease HSV shedding and infectivity...
  24. ncbi Prospective study of correlates of vaginal Lactobacillus colonisation among high-risk HIV-1 seronegative women
    J M Baeten
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    Sex Transm Infect 85:348-53. 2009
    ..Identification of factors associated with vaginal Lactobacillus colonisation may suggest interventions to improve vaginal health...
  25. ncbi Increased levels of HIV-1-infected cells in endocervical secretions after the luteinizing hormone surge
    Sarah Benki
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:529-34. 2008
    ..001) in endocervical specimens. These data suggest that sampling of cell-associated endocervical HIV-1 increases after the periovulatory period, which could result in increased exposure to HIV-1-infected cells during sexual contact...
  26. ncbi Effect of contraceptive methods on natural history of HIV: studies from the Mombasa cohort
    Jared M Baeten
    University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38:S18-21. 2005
  27. ncbi Acute HIV infection among Kenyan infants
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 46:289-95. 2008
    ..Clinical signs and symptoms of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants are not well characterized...
  28. ncbi Changes in plasma cytokines after treatment of ascaris lumbricoides infection in individuals with HIV-1 infection
    Catherine A Blish
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 201:1816-21. 2010
    ..Treatment of A. lumbricoides co-infection may delay HIV-1 disease progression by reducing helminth-induced, IL-10-mediated immunosuppression...
  29. ncbi Quantification of genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in specimens from women with low plasma HIV-1 RNA levels typical of HIV-1 nontransmitters
    Sarah Benki
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, and Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya
    J Clin Microbiol 44:4357-62. 2006
    ..The assay described here can be utilized in future efforts to examine the role of cell-associated HIV-1 in transmission...
  30. ncbi Validation of performance of the gen-probe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load assay with genital swabs and breast milk samples
    Dana DeVange Panteleeff
    Divisions of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 40:3929-37. 2002
    ....
  31. ncbi Timing of breast milk HIV-1 transmission: a meta-analysis
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    East Afr Med J 78:75-9. 2001
    ..While recently published studies showing some effectiveness of antiretrovirals early during the breast feeding period are encouraging, prevention of breast milk HIV-1 transmission needs to remain a high research priority...
  32. ncbi Cyclic shedding of HIV-1 RNA in cervical secretions during the menstrual cycle
    Sarah Benki
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    J Infect Dis 189:2192-201. 2004
    ..4). These data support the hypothesis that the level of HIV-1 RNA in cervical secretions is influenced by the menstrual cycle, and they suggest that the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 may increase as menses is approached...
  33. ncbi Identification of modifiable factors that affect the genetic diversity of the transmitted HIV-1 population
    Manish Sagar
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    AIDS 18:615-9. 2004
    ..CONCLUSION: The presence of genital tract infections and hormonal contraceptive use at the time of transmission were associated with the acquisition of multiple HIV-1 variants...
  34. ncbi High levels of cervical HIV-1 RNA during early HIV-1 infection
    Ludo Lavreys
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    AIDS 20:2389-90. 2006
    ..43 versus 2.85 log10 copies/swab, P < 0.001). After adjusting for HIV-1-plasma RNA, cervical HIV-1 RNA from 30 days or less after infection was increased by 0.45 log10 copies/swab (P = 0.006)...
  35. ncbi A decrease in albumin in early HIV type 1 infection predicts subsequent disease progression
    Susan M Graham
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:1197-200. 2007
    ..0, p = 0.008). Trends for an increased risk of mortality were also seen. A greater decrease in albumin levels accompanying HIV-1 acquisition may be a marker for changes in early infection associated with more rapid disease progression...
  36. ncbi Associations between intravaginal practices and bacterial vaginosis in Kenyan female sex workers without symptoms of vaginal infections
    Wisal M Hassan
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    Sex Transm Dis 34:384-8. 2007
    ..Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is highly prevalent among African women and has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV-1...
  37. ncbi HV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and breast milk HIV-1 transmission
    Grace C John-Stewart
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 199:889-98. 2009
    ....
  38. ncbi Independent effects of nevirapine prophylaxis and HIV-1 RNA suppression in breast milk on early perinatal HIV-1 transmission
    Michael H Chung
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:472-8. 2007
    ..The mechanism of action of single-dose nevirapine on reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 may involve reduction of maternal HIV-1 or prophylaxis of infants...
  39. ncbi Initiation of antiretroviral therapy leads to a rapid decline in cervical and vaginal HIV-1 shedding
    Susan M Graham
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    AIDS 21:501-7. 2007
    ..Antiretroviral therapy (ART) may decrease HIV-1 infectivity in women by reducing genital HIV-1 shedding...
  40. ncbi Post-HAART outcomes in pediatric populations: comparison of resource-limited and developed countries
    Elizabeth Peacock-Villada
    University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 6340, USA
    Pediatrics 127:e423-41. 2011
    ..No formal comparison has been made between the pediatric post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) outcomes of resource-limited and developed countries...
  41. ncbi Younger age at HAART initiation is associated with more rapid growth reconstitution
    Christine J McGrath
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    AIDS 25:345-55. 2011
    ..The objective of this study was to determine rates and predictors of growth reconstitution among children on HAART...
  42. ncbi Treatment with antiretroviral therapy is not associated with increased sexual risk behavior in Kenyan female sex workers
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
    AIDS 24:891-7. 2010
    ..The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that sexual risk behavior would increase following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs)...
  43. ncbi Male perspectives on incorporating men into antenatal HIV counseling and testing
    David A Katz
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    PLoS ONE 4:e7602. 2009
    ..We aimed to identify methods for increasing male involvement in antenatal VCT and determine male correlates of accepting couple counseling in these settings...
  44. ncbi Impact of prior HAART use on clinical outcomes in a large Kenyan HIV treatment program
    Michael H Chung
    Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, IARTP, Box 359909, Washington 98104, USA
    Curr HIV Res 7:441-6. 2009
    ..Growing numbers of patients are antiretroviral experienced. Defining patients on the basis of antiretroviral experience may inform enrollment practices, particularly if medical outcomes differ...
  45. ncbi Antiretroviral adherence and development of drug resistance are the strongest predictors of genital HIV-1 shedding among women initiating treatment
    Susan M Graham
    University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 202:1538-42. 2010
    ..04). These results emphasize the importance of adherence to optimize the potential benefits of ART for reducing HIV-1 transmission risk...
  46. ncbi Prospective study of vaginal bacterial flora and other risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 199:1883-90. 2009
    ..Our objective was to determine the relationship between vaginal bacterial flora and VVC...
  47. ncbi Genital ulceration does not increase HIV-1 shedding in cervical or vaginal secretions of women taking antiretroviral therapy
    Susan M Graham
    University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    Sex Transm Infect 87:114-7. 2011
    ..The effect of GUD on HIV-1 shedding among ART-treated women is not known. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that genital ulcerations increase genital HIV-1-RNA shedding in women receiving ART...
  48. ncbi Highly active antiretroviral therapy versus zidovudine/nevirapine effects on early breast milk HIV type-1 Rna: a phase II randomized clinical trial
    Michael H Chung
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    Antivir Ther 13:799-807. 2008
    ..Defining the effect of antiretroviral regimens on breast milk HIV type-1 (HIV-1) levels is useful to inform the rational design of strategies to decrease perinatal HIV-1 transmission...
  49. ncbi Albendazole treatment of HIV-1 and helminth co-infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    Judd L Walson
    Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    AIDS 22:1601-9. 2008
    ..Several co-infections have been shown to impact the progression of HIV-1 infection. We sought to determine if treatment of helminth co-infection in HIV-1-infected adults impacted markers of HIV-1 disease progression...
  50. ncbi Prevalence and correlates of helminth co-infection in Kenyan HIV-1 infected adults
    Judd L Walson
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4:e644. 2010
    ..Deworming HIV-1 infected individuals may delay HIV-1 disease progression. It is important to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV-1/helminth co-infection in helminth-endemic areas...
  51. ncbi Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
    J Infect Dis 197:1361-8. 2008
    ..Vaginal infections are common and have been associated with increased risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)...
  52. ncbi HIV-1 acquisition and disease progression are associated with decreased high-risk sexual behaviour among Kenyan female sex workers
    R Scott McClelland
    Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    AIDS 20:1969-73. 2006
    ..Changes in sexual risk behaviour may occur following HIV-1 infection...
  53. ncbi Discrete proportional hazards models for mismeasured outcomes
    Amalia S Meier
    Program in Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
    Biometrics 59:947-54. 2003
    ..However, in simulations over a wide range of conditions, the APH method with correctly specified mismeasurement rates performs very well...
  54. ncbi Vitamin A deficiency and the acute phase response among HIV-1-infected and -uninfected women in Kenya
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31:243-9. 2002
    ..These results provide possible explanations for the disparity between observational studies and randomized trials of vitamin A for HIV-1 infection...
  55. ncbi Female-to-male infectivity of HIV-1 among circumcised and uncircumcised Kenyan men
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 191:546-53. 2005
    ..e., infectivity) for circumcised and uncircumcised men, by use of detailed accounts of sexual behavior in a population with multiple partnerships...
  56. ncbi Association between cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus and HIV-1
    R Scott McClelland
    International AIDS Research and Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    AIDS 16:2425-30. 2002
    ..To investigate the association between the cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and HIV-1...
  57. ncbi Micronutrient supplementation increases genital tract shedding of HIV-1 in women: results of a randomized trial
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1657-63. 2004
    ..The potential benefit of micronutrient supplementation in HIV-1-seropositive women should be considered in relation to the potential for increased infectivity...
  58. ncbi Antenatal couple counseling increases uptake of interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission
    Carey Farquhar
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 249, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1620-6. 2004
    ..004). Partner participation in VCT and couple counseling increased uptake of nevirapine and formula feeding. Antenatal couple counseling may be a useful strategy to promote HIV-1 prevention interventions...
  59. ncbi Some design issues in trials of microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection
    Thomas R Fleming
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    J Infect Dis 190:666-74. 2004
    ..The issues considered in microbicide trials for the prevention of HIV infection are also of importance in many other clinical scenarios...
  60. ncbi Use of serum retinol-binding protein for prediction of vitamin A deficiency: effects of HIV-1 infection, protein malnutrition, and the acute phase response
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 79:218-25. 2004
    ..The performance of RBP in the context of infection or protein malnutrition, however, has not been evaluated...
  61. ncbi Injectable contraceptive use and genital ulcer disease during the early phase of HIV-1 infection increase plasma virus load in women
    Ludo Lavreys
    Department of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 189:303-11. 2004
    ..These findings suggest that, in women, the use of DMPA and the presence of GUD during the early phase of HIV-1 infection may influence the natural course of infection...
  62. ncbi Safety and acceptability of penile application of 2 candidate topical microbicides: BufferGel and PRO 2000 Gel: 3 randomized trials in healthy low-risk men and HIV-positive men
    Stephen R Tabet
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33:476-83. 2003
    ....
  63. ncbi Subtype C Is associated with increased vaginal shedding of HIV-1
    Grace C John-Stewart
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 192:492-6. 2005
    ..4-8.8]; P = .006). This relationship held after adjusting for age, CD4 cell count, and plasma HIV-1 RNA load (OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.1-8.6]; P = .03). These observations suggest that HIV-1 subtype influences mucosal shedding of HIV-1...
  64. ncbi Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is associated with reduced transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through breast milk
    Carey Farquhar
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 186:1173-6. 2002
    ..5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.03). These results suggest that SLPI plays an important role in reducing HIV-1 transmission through breast milk...
  65. ncbi HIV-1 infection alters the retinol-binding protein:transthyretin ratio even in the absence of the acute phase response
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Nutr 136:1624-9. 2006
    ..Our results raise questions about the utility of this measurement given the high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in areas where vitamin A deficiency is common...
  66. ncbi A comparison of genital HIV-1 shedding and sexual risk behavior among Kenyan women based on eligibility for initiation of HAART according to WHO guidelines
    R Scott McClelland
    Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 41:611-5. 2006
    ..Guidelines for initiating antiretrovirals are based on markers of advanced disease and are not directly linked to markers of HIV-1 transmission such as viral shedding...
  67. ncbi Higher set point plasma viral load and more-severe acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) illness predict mortality among high-risk HIV-1-infected African women
    Ludo Lavreys
    Department of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 42:1333-9. 2006
    ..We used data from a prospective cohort study of female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya, who were followed up monthly from before the date of HIV-1 infection...
  68. ncbi Vitamin A supplementation and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shedding in women: results of a randomized clinical trial
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 185:1187-91. 2002
    ..Vitamin A supplementation is unlikely to decrease the infectivity of women infected with HIV-1...
  69. ncbi Virus load during primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) type 1 infection is related to the severity of acute HIV illness in Kenyan women
    Ludo Lavreys
    University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 35:77-81. 2002
    ..4 log(10) copies/mL...
  70. ncbi Neutralization escape variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are transmitted from mother to infant
    Xueling Wu
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
    J Virol 80:835-44. 2006
    ....
  71. ncbi A prospective study of hormonal contraceptive use and cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive women
    R Scott McClelland
    Departments of Medicine, International AIDS Research and Training Program, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 185:1822-5. 2002
    ..In this prospective study, use of hormonal contraceptives did not increase detection of cervical HSV...
  72. ncbi Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing HIVNET 012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine
    Michael H Chung
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    AIDS 19:1415-22. 2005
    ....
  73. ncbi Infection with multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants is associated with faster disease progression
    Manish Sagar
    Divisions of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    J Virol 77:12921-6. 2003
    ..01) 4 to 24 months after infection compared to women who were infected with a single viral genotype. These studies suggest that early HIV-1 genetic diversity is linked to faster disease progression...
  74. ncbi HIV testing men in the antenatal setting: understanding male non-disclosure
    D A Katz
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    Int J STD AIDS 20:765-7. 2009
    ..Couple counselling models that incorporate disclosure may yield greater HIV prevention benefits than offering individual partner HIV testing services at ANC...
  75. ncbi Correlates of human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity among heterosexual men in Kenya
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104-2499, USA
    AIDS 16:2073-8. 2002
    ..Prospective studies of HHV-8 acquisition in heterosexual African populations are needed to demonstrate whether safer sexual practices can reduce transmission...
  76. ncbi A prospective study of risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in HIV-1-seronegative African women
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    Sex Transm Dis 35:617-23. 2008
    ..Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is common and has been associated with increased HIV-1 susceptibility. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for BV in African women at high risk for acquiring HIV-1...
  77. ncbi Infant feeding practices of women in a perinatal HIV-1 prevention study in Nairobi, Kenya
    James N Kiarie
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 3085 00506, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35:75-81. 2004
    ..To determine feeding practices and nutritional status of infants born to HIV-1-infected women...
  78. ncbi Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition
    Charles S Morrison
    Clinical Research Department, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
    AIDS 21:85-95. 2007
    ..Combined oral contraceptives (COC) and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) are among the most widely used family planning methods; their effect on HIV acquisition is not known...
  79. ncbi HIV-1 disease progression in breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers: a prospective 2-year comparison of T cell subsets, HIV-1 RNA levels, and mortality
    Phelgona A Otieno
    Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 195:220-9. 2007
    ....
  80. ncbi Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:311-7. 2007
    ....
  81. ncbi Pregnancy and the risk of HIV-1 acquisition among women in Uganda and Zimbabwe
    Charles S Morrison
    Clinical Research Department, Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
    AIDS 21:1027-34. 2007
    ..We used data from a large, prospective study of hormonal contraception and HIV-1 to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the risk of HIV-1 acquisition...
  82. ncbi Longitudinal assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon responses during the first year of life in HIV-1-infected infants
    Barbara L Lohman
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Virol 79:8121-30. 2005
    ....
  83. ncbi The early work on hormonal contraceptive use and HIV acquisition
    Harold L Martin
    Park Nicollet Clinic, Minneapolis, MN, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38:S12-4. 2005
  84. ncbi Nonoxynol-9 100 mg gel: multi-site safety study from sub-Saharan Africa
    Irving F Hoffman
    Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
    AIDS 18:2191-5. 2004
    ..To evaluate the safety of 100 mg nonoxynol-9 (N-9) gel, a vaginal microbicide, on the genital mucosa of women from Malawi and Zimbabwe in preparation for a phase III efficacy study...
  85. ncbi Compliance with antiretroviral regimens to prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Kenya
    James N Kiarie
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    AIDS 17:65-71. 2003
    ..Partner involvement, support and education on perinatal HIV-1 prevention may improve compliance and increase the number of infants protected from HIV-1 infection...
  86. ncbi The effect of rapid HIV-1 testing on uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions: a randomized clinical trial
    Isaac M Malonza
    Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
    AIDS 17:113-8. 2003
    ..We examined whether HIV-1 testing using a rapid assay increases the proportion of pregnant women obtaining HIV-1 results and the uptake of perinatal HIV-1 interventions...
  87. ncbi Short-term effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and viral turnover in these compartments
    Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Virol 77:7702-5. 2003
    ..001). Defining the short-term effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital HIV-1 is important for improving perinatal HIV-1 interventions...
  88. ncbi Predictors of early mortality in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected african children
    Elizabeth M Obimbo
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:536-43. 2004
    ..In resource-poor settings, these predictors may be useful for early identification and treatment of high risk infants...
  89. ncbi Estimating the efficacy of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in breastfeeding populations: comparing statistical methods
    Ahmadou Alioum
    INSERM U. 593, , , , Bordeaux, France
    Am J Epidemiol 158:596-605. 2003
    ..For estimation of this proportion at age 18 months, more sophisticated methods, such as the extension of the Kaplan-Meier procedure to interval-censored data and competing risks, would be preferred...
  90. ncbi Domestic violence and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
    James N Kiarie
    Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 3085 00506, Nairobi, Kenya
    AIDS 20:1763-9. 2006
    ..To determine the prevalence of life-time domestic violence by the current partner before HIV-1 testing, its impact on the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and frequency after testing...