GAIL S contact PRINS

..Although ICI 182,780 causes severe alterations in testicular and efferent ductule morphology and function, the effects on the expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in the male have not been shown...

..The differences in ER beta mRNA imprinting in the separate lobes may account for or reflect the lobe-specific neonatal estrogen imprints previously observed in the rat prostate...

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..We hypothesize that these molecular changes initiated early in life predispose the prostate to the neoplastic state upon aging...

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..In total, these findings indicate that low-dose exposures to ubiquitous environmental oestrogens impact the prostate epigenome during development and in so doing, promote prostate disease with ageing...

..Except where otherwise indicated, results from rodent models will be presented since studies that examine molecular signaling in the developing human prostate gland are sparse at the present time...

..Thus, we hypothesize that alterations in morphogenesis as well as dysplasia in the adult prostate may be mediated in part through augmentation of transcriptional signals in the retinoid pathway...

..Thus infants and children may be considered a highly susceptible population for ED exposures and increased risk of prostate cancers with aging...

..These findings on prostate health are directly relevant to humans at current BPA exposure levels...

..If epithelial ERbeta is involved in some component of estrogen imprinting, its role would be considered minor and would require the presence of ERalpha expression in the prostatic stromal cells...

..These findings provide the first direct evidence that human prostate progenitor cells are estrogen targets and that estradiol in an androgen-supported milieu is a carcinogen for human prostate epithelium...

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..These alterations in connexin expression may have a role in dedifferentiation and tumor progression...

..This study demonstrates that the reproductive tracts of male mice differ considerably from those of rats in expression of ARs and ERs and that caution is needed when extrapolating nuclear steroid receptor data across mammalian species...

..As prostatic inflammation or prostatitis in humans is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma, this animal model may provide mechanistic insight with regards to age-associated prostatic lesions...

..Altered BRK localization and/or activity may provide a prognostic indicator for prostate tumor progression and be a potential target for therapeutic intervention...

..Taken together, the present data show that exposure to neonatal estrogens down-regulates AR protein levels in the ventral prostate gland by accelerating AR degradation, which is mediated through the proteosome pathway...

..Lobe-specific responses may provide a developmental basis for prostate gland heterogeneity...

..We suggest that this timely Hox code participates in determining lobe-specific prostatic identity and cellular differentiation...

..This differential modulation of the steroid hormone receptors highlights the importance of maintaining a physiological androgen-estrogen balance to regulate the structure and function of efferent ductules in the male...

..These results indicate that disruption of GH signaling significantly inhibits prostate carcinogenesis...

..1 cis-regulatory elements provides a unique starting point to dissect signaling pathways involved in prostate organogenesis and pathogenesis and provides a system to perturb gene expression throughout prostate development...

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..In total, these findings indicate that low-dose exposures to ubiquitous environmental estrogens affect the prostate epigenome during development and, in so doing, promote prostate disease with aging...

..Finally, this study establishes the ArKO mouse model of estrogen deficiency as a unique approach to study the effects of estrogens, estrogenic factors, and endocrine disruptors on prostate development...

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..The present review consists of the consensus report on the evidence for a role of BPA in carcinogenesis, examining the available evidence in humans and animal models with recommendations for future areas of research...

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..These results suggest that expression of AR in motoneurons of the SNB in aged male rats is up-regulated in response to androgen and that androgen may be, at least in part, involved in the process of aging of the SNB in male rats...

..Using newer anti-MHC class I and MHC class II antibody reagents, we re-examined the expression of MHC in both human and mouse prostate tumors and their microenvironments...

..Results will further define the mechanisms of estrogen's actions on the prostate gland during early development and lead to a better understanding of the hormonal and developmental basis for abnormal prostate growth with aging...

..In Aim 3, we will directly test whether the genes epigenetically modified by estrogenic exposures play an active role in prostate gland carcinogenesis using a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. ..

..In Aim 3, we will directly test whether the genes epigenetically modified by estrogenic exposures play an active role in prostate gland carcinogenesis using a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. ..

..In Aim 3, we will directly test whether the genes epigenetically modified by estrogenic exposures play an active role in prostate gland carcinogenesis using a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. ..

..In Aim 3, we will directly test whether the genes epigenetically modified by estrogenic exposures play an active role in prostate gland carcinogenesis using a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. ..

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..Results will further define the mechanisms of estrogen's actions on the prostate gland during early development and lead to a better understanding of the hormonal and developmental basis for abnormal prostate growth with aging...