Nancy Petry

..This study evaluated the impact of these changes on prevalence rates and classification accuracy...

..Increasingly, financial reinforcement interventions based on behavioral economic principles are being applied in health care settings, and this study examined the use of financial reinforcers for enhancing adherence to medications...

..Contingency management (CM) is an evidence-based treatment, but few clinicians deliver this intervention in community-based settings...

..We evaluated the efficacy of CM reinforcing attendance in patients who initiated treatment with cocaine-negative samples, and of higher magnitude abstinence-based CM in patients who began treatment positive...

..Few community-based clinicians have been trained to deliver contingency management (CM) treatments, and little data exist regarding the efficacy of CM when administered by clinicians...

..No associations were noted between delay discounting and gambling treatment outcomes. These data suggest that probability discounting may be an important construct in understanding pathological gambling and its treatment...

..This study evaluated effects of a group-based CM intervention that focused on reinforcing health behaviors...

..These data suggest that the CMCS is reliable and valid in assessing delivery of CM and that competence in CM delivery is associated with improved patient outcomes...

..These data suggest that prize CM is equally efficacious for substance-abusing patients who do and do not gamble, and they extend prior studies indicating that prize CM does not increase gambling...

..Results from this study indicate that the IGS has good psychometric properties and suggest areas in which intervention efforts may be tailored to prevent or treat gambling problems among individuals seeking substance abuse treatment...

..These findings demonstrate that social support plays an important role in moderating outcomes, and enhancing social support may be an important aspect of effective gambling treatments...

..This study evaluated whether adding CM to group-based outpatient treatment would increase attendance and drug abstinence relative to standard care...

..This study examined whether coping skills acquisition mediated the effects of CBT on decreasing gambling in pathological gamblers...

..This paper considers the prospect of reclassifying and broadening the substance use disorders to include non-pharmacological addictions such as pathological gambling...

..Results suggest that SUD patients with sexual abuse histories may accrue particular benefits during CM treatment that are associated with long-term abstinence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)...

..Results suggest that substance abusers with legal problems have generally poor outcomes, but that CM is effective regardless of the patient's legal status...

..College students experience high rates of problem and pathological gambling, yet little research has investigated methods for reducing gambling in this population. This study sought to examine the efficacy of brief intervention strategies...

..These results suggest that magnitudes of earnings during prize CM may impact outcomes and call for further experimentation of parameters related to the efficacy of prize CM...

..This study examined the association between gambling level and psychiatric and medical disorders in a nationally representative sample of older adults...

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..More research should focus on specific ways in which PGs exhibit impulsivity to better address impulsive behaviors in treatment...

..Further, alcohol dependent participants are able to offset greater baseline severity in psychosocial functioning and maintain these improvements with CM...

..Poorer physical health was associated with pathological gambling, but mental health was not. These results suggest that substance abuse counselors may benefit from education, prevention, and intervention efforts for disordered gambling...

..63), and obsessive-compulsive (OR = 1.37) personality disorders increased the odds of having CHD. Personality disorders may increase the risk of CHD in older adults. Putative mechanisms and directions for future research are proposed...

..Overall, these findings suggest contingency management is an efficacious and appropriate intervention for substance use disordered individuals across a range of psychiatric problems...

..Together, these data suggest that the ASI-G subscale may be a useful tool for assessing severity of gambling problems in a variety of populations...

..The IGS may assist in better understanding situations in which pathological gamblers wager, and individual differences with respect to these situations...

..This study is one of the first to investigate CM in community settings implemented entirely by community clinicians, and results suggest that CM is effective in improving therapy attendance...

..The implications of these findings for the identification and treatment of gamblers at risk for suicide are discussed...

..Suggestions are made for differential treatment plans based on these findings...

..This study suggests that it is feasible to deliver incentives for attendance in group therapy, but that further research is needed to understand the modest effects on attendance. Strengths and limitations of this study are discussed...

..Therefore, direct screening for gambling problems is recommended. Increasing education about the disorder, from both the provider and societal perspective, is necessary to reduce the personal and societal consequences of this disorder...

..These data suggest that gambling that begins in adolescence may be associated with an elevated severity of problems throughout the life span among older adult problem gamblers...

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..This study examined whether CM also reduces human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors and if these effects are mediated by longest duration of abstinence achieved during treatment...

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..This study suggests the importance of screening for ASP when patients initiate treatment. Specific and more intensive treatment may be necessary to improve outcomes in this patient population...

..Efforts to replicate these findings are warranted, since they suggest that schedules of medication administration other than daily should be evaluated for treatment of problem drinking...

..These findings indicate that drinkers' social networks can be changed by a treatment that is specifically designed to do so, and that these changes contribute to improved drinking outcomes...

..Further research is needed to identify reasons for observed gender differences in relationships between BMI and substance use disorders...

..Internet gambling frequency was significantly associated with poor mental health, after controlling for demographics and pathological gambling. These data call for prevention and treatment efforts of Internet gambling in students...

..Thus, reinforcement with prizes was similar to voucher CM in promoting LDA, which is associated with posttreatment benefits...

..To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using prize-based and voucher-based contingency management (CM) as additions to standard treatment for cocaine- or heroin-dependent outpatients in community treatment centers...

..Thus, encouraging religious involvement during CM treatment may improve during treatment outcomes...

..CM appears to be an efficacious treatment for cocaine dependence among methadone maintenance clients, regardless of ethnicity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved)...

..The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in associations between body mass index (BMI) and affective disorders...

..This study evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) and psychiatric disorders...

..These data underscore the need to reconsider the rationale behind, and appropriate methods for, monitoring safety during psychosocial therapy trials...

..Overall, these findings suggest that exercise may be of benefit to individuals undergoing substance use disorders treatment. Methods for implementing an exercise intervention within substance use disorders treatment are discussed...

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..Percentage of negative CO tests and the highest number of consecutive negative CO tests were greater in contingency management compared to standard care...

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..Abstinence at 6- and 9-month follow-ups did not differ by group, but longest duration of abstinence achieved during treatment was associated with abstinence posttreatment...

..This paper describes some outcome data associated with the two approaches. It also reviews evidence suggesting that a combined intervention may enhance therapy engagement and reduce relapse rates...

..CONCLUSION: These data suggest that disordered gambling is relatively common in primary care settings, and gambling severity is associated with decreased health functioning...

..This study provides initial support for reliability and validity of the URICA in treatment-seeking gamblers, and it suggests that stage of change may have an impact on outcomes...

..These results extend previous research in other populations that has found that pathological gamblers report poorer mental and physical health than nonpathological gamblers...

..On average, patients in the CM condition earned $117 in prizes. Data from this study suggest that some aspects of reinforcement can be implemented in group therapy in community-based clinics...

..Thus, prize and voucher CM systems are equally efficacious in promoting long durations of abstinence, which in turn are associated with benefits posttreatment...

..No differences in gambling over time were noted between those assigned to the prize CM versus standard care conditions, indicating that this prize CM procedure does not adversely impact gambling behavior among stimulant abusers...

..Future studies should further examine motivation change in CM treatment using different assessment tools and conceptualizations of motivation, extending these effects to other treatment settings and populations...

..This study evaluated the efficacy of a low-cost, prize reinforcement contingency management (CM) intervention for reducing cocaine use...

..Male gender and impulsivity were associated with the Egotism factor. These data offer preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of the GEM in distinguishing subgroups of gamblers...

..Delay discounting is associated with impulsivity and drug abuse, and this study evaluated the relationship between discounting of delayed rewards and antisocial personality disorder (ASP)...

..Suggestions are made for areas in which more research is needed, from both a counselor's and researcher's perspective...

..Practical implications of these results for designing and implementing CM interventions in methadone maintenance clinics are discussed...

..These data suggest that individuals entering professional treatment for gambling with a history of GA attendance differ from those who do not, and these differences may impact treatment recommendations and outcomes...

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..The purpose of this study was to assess rates of gambling participation and gambling problems among South East Asian refugees...

..The roles of contingency management and coping skills training in the treatment of marijuana dependence are discussed...

..Pathological gambling is an increasing public health concern, but very little is known about this disorder in older adults. This study evaluated gambling and psychosocial problems across age groups in treatment-seeking gamblers...

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..These data suggest that participants who elect to complete family related activities during CM treatments may evidence improved outcomes and reduced family conflict...

..To identify relationships between body mass index (BMI) and stressful life events and to determine whether relationships differ by gender...

..These findings suggest that patients who report current smoking should routinely be asked about their current alcohol consumption. Interventions should then be tailored to address smoking and, if appropriate, hazardous drinking as well...

..Complex PTSD symptoms warrant further study as a potential negative prognostic factor in SUD interventions...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the importance of assessing a wide range of behaviors and personality indices, including ASPD, among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers...

..An experimentally rigorous investigation on the topic was provided by a large multisite trial conducted under the auspices of the Clinical Trials Network of the National Institute on Drug Abuse...

..During-treatment abstinence mediated the relationship between treatment condition and QOLI scores over time...

..Caucasians may be in greater need of treatment that focuses on concurrent cocaine and alcohol problems, as well as family and psychiatric difficulties...

..To assess the relative cost-effectiveness of lower versus higher cost prize-based contingency management (CM) treatments for cocaine abuse...

..84; CI = 1.25-2.71). These findings suggest that abstinence incentives have significant clinical benefits independent of initial drug use severity among methadone maintenance patients with ongoing stimulant drug use...

..Thus, the ASI may be a useful tool for assessing gambling and psychosocial problems in the growing population of treatment-seeking gamblers...

..The purpose of the present study was to explore mechanisms of behavior change from a marijuana treatment trial in which CBT and ContM were evaluated separately and in combination...

..These results suggest the efficacy of a very brief intervention for reduction of gambling among problem and pathological gamblers who are not actively seeking gambling treatment...

..To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a prize-based intervention as an addition to usual care for stimulant abusers...

..The rapid discounting of freedom and health may provide a theoretical framework for understanding illegal and risky health behaviors in drug abusers...

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..The mean activities selected was 20, and the mean completed was 13. Overall, 1,114 or 64% of chosen activities were completed. The clinical feasibility of activity incentive programs for adolescents is discussed...

..Results suggest that disordered gamblers who receive disability have an increased need for interventions to reduce gambling and associated problems...

..The delay-discount rate refers to the rate of reduction in the present value of a future reward as the delay to that reward increases...

..Directions for future research in this area are also suggested...

..This pilot trial suggests that application of low-cost CM procedures is feasible within this novel setting and may decrease substance use...

..Clinicians are advised to be sensitive to behavioral risk factors and to screen for disordered gambling in high risk adolescents. A combination of CBT and MET, as well as medication for any comorbid psychiatric condition, is recommended...

..We will evaluate the cost-effectiveness of group-based CM by assessing receipt of psychosocial and medical services and criminal justice system involvement throughout the treatment and follow-up periods. ..

..Patient characteristics that may be associated with outcomes will be evaluated, and a cost-effectiveness evaluation of the interventions also will be conducted. ..

..Both short-term and long-term efficacy, as well as cost-effectiveness, will be evaluated when CM is administered by community-based therapists. ..

..Results from this study will provide important information regarding the efficacy of brief interventions for reducing gambling and related problems in substance abusers. ..

..If effect sizes in at least the small to medium range are noted across all domains, we will consider the therapy appropriate for further evaluation in a Stage 2 therapy development study. ..

..Results from this study will provide important information regarding the efficacy of brief interventions for reducing gambling and related problems in substance abusers. ..

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..reducing these costs? Are certain patient characteristics associated with better outcomes in some of the treatment conditions? Are the treatments effective in diverse populations that include women and minority gamblers? ..

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..Together these studies will determine an efficacious and relatively simple CM treatment strategy, as well as test its effectiveness when delivered and managed by non-research staff. ..

..Exercising should improve physical fitness, reduce drug use, decrease psychological symptoms, and improve indices of health in cocaine abusing patients. ..