A D Perron

Summary

Affiliation: University of Virginia
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi The efficacy of cyanoacrylate-derived surgical adhesive for use in the repair of lacerations during competitive athletics
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22906 0014, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 18:261-3. 2000
  2. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: radiographically occult hip fracture
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:234-7. 2002
  3. ncbi Principles of stress fracture management. The whys and hows of an increasingly common injury
    A D Perron
    Departments of Emergency Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, USA
    Postgrad Med 110:115-8, 123-4. 2001
  4. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: acute compartment syndrome
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:413-6. 2001
  5. ncbi Commodio cordis: an underappreciated cause of sudden cardiac death in young patients: assessment and management in the ED
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:406-9. 2001
  6. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: scaphoid fracture
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:310-6. 2001
  7. ncbi Management of common stress fractures. When to apply conservative therapy, when to take an aggressive approach
    Andrew D Perron
    UVA Health System, Box 800699, Charlottesville, VA 22908 0699, USA
    Postgrad Med 111:95-6, 99-100, 105-6. 2002
  8. ncbi Concussive convulsions: emergency department assessment and management of a frequently misunderstood entity
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Acad Emerg Med 8:296-8. 2001
  9. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: osteomyelitis
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 21:61-7. 2003
  10. ncbi Predicting survival in pediatric trauma patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prehospital setting
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22906 0014, USA
    Prehosp Emerg Care 5:6-9. 2001

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications61

  1. ncbi The efficacy of cyanoacrylate-derived surgical adhesive for use in the repair of lacerations during competitive athletics
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22906 0014, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 18:261-3. 2000
    ..Of these 31, all had good results at 7 days following repair. Dermabond retained its strength, durability, and skin apposition when the athlete was allowed to reenter competition following wound repair...
  2. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: radiographically occult hip fracture
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:234-7. 2002
    ..The emergency physician needs to remain vigilant for this potential orthopedic pitfall. This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  3. ncbi Principles of stress fracture management. The whys and hows of an increasingly common injury
    A D Perron
    Departments of Emergency Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, USA
    Postgrad Med 110:115-8, 123-4. 2001
    ..Simple rest with progressive reintroduction of activity is the treatment of choice for most stress fractures...
  4. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: acute compartment syndrome
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:413-6. 2001
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  5. ncbi Commodio cordis: an underappreciated cause of sudden cardiac death in young patients: assessment and management in the ED
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:406-9. 2001
    ..Blunt impact injury to the chest with a baseball is the most common mechanism. Survival rates for commotio cordis are low, even with prompt CPR and defibrillation...
  6. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: scaphoid fracture
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:310-6. 2001
    ..This review examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency physician...
  7. ncbi Management of common stress fractures. When to apply conservative therapy, when to take an aggressive approach
    Andrew D Perron
    UVA Health System, Box 800699, Charlottesville, VA 22908 0699, USA
    Postgrad Med 111:95-6, 99-100, 105-6. 2002
    ....
  8. ncbi Concussive convulsions: emergency department assessment and management of a frequently misunderstood entity
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Acad Emerg Med 8:296-8. 2001
    ..Emergency department management should focus on evaluation of the associated concussive injury. The concussive convulsion requires no specific therapy, and antiepileptic medication is not indicated...
  9. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: osteomyelitis
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 21:61-7. 2003
    ..We review here the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options for osteomyelitis that are applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  10. ncbi Predicting survival in pediatric trauma patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prehospital setting
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22906 0014, USA
    Prehosp Emerg Care 5:6-9. 2001
    ..To determine survival in pediatric trauma patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the prehospital setting and to identify subgroups of patients who may have increased survival rates...
  11. ncbi Evaluation and management of the high-risk orthopedic emergency
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Box 800699, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Emerg Med Clin North Am 21:159-204. 2003
    ..When the EP is knowledgeable about these orthopedic pitfalls, these injuries are much less likely to slip by in clinical practice...
  12. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: Lisfranc fracture-dislocation
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:71-5. 2001
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, historical factors, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  13. ncbi Chest pain in athletes
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Box 800699, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Clin Sports Med 22:37-50. 2003
    ....
  14. ncbi Electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation: correct identification of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and non-AMI syndromes by emergency physicians
    W J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Acad Emerg Med 8:349-60. 2001
    ..To determine the emergency physician's (EP's) ability to identify the cause of ST-segment elevation (STE) in a hypothetical chest pain patient...
  15. ncbi Electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
    W J Brady
    Departments of Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
    Emerg Med Clin North Am 19:295-320, x. 2001
    ....
  16. ncbi Electrocardiographic ST segment depression
    T Pollehn
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:303-9. 2001
    ..The following cases illustrate the use the ECG in patients presenting with chest pain and electrocardiographic ST segment depression attributable to an ACS, LVH, LBBB, or digitalis...
  17. ncbi Electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation: the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by morphologic analysis of the ST segment
    W J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
    Acad Emerg Med 8:961-7. 2001
    ..The morphology of STE may assist in the correct determination of its cause, with concave patterns in non-AMI syndromes and non-concave waveforms in AMI...
  18. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: lunate and perilunate injuries
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:157-62. 2001
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  19. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: Galeazzi and Monteggia fracture-dislocation
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:225-8. 2001
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  20. ncbi Electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation in the trauma patient: acute myocardial infarction vs myocardial contusion
    Claire U Plautz
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 23:510-6. 2005
    ..Both patients demonstrated electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation, resulting from myocardial contusion and acute myocardial infarction...
  21. ncbi The electrocardiographic differential diagnosis of ST segment depression
    T Pollehn
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
    Emerg Med J 19:129-35. 2002
  22. ncbi Cause of ST segment abnormality in ED chest pain patients
    W J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:25-8. 2001
    ..We concluded that AMI is not the most common cause of STE in ED chest pain patients. LVH is most often responsible for electrocardiographic STE followed by AMI and LBBB which occur at equal frequencies...
  23. ncbi The paced electrocardiogram: issues for the emergency physician
    R J Harper
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:551-60. 2001
    ..This review focuses on basics of pacemaker function as well as the common rhythm disturbance issues and other clinical syndromes that the emergency physician is likely to encounter...
  24. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the emergency department: closed tendon injuries of the hand
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:76-80. 2001
    ..Injuries discussed include rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus, mallet finger, central slip rupture, extensor hood rupture, and ulnar collateral ligament injury...
  25. ncbi Myocarditis: emergency department recognition and management
    William J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Box 800699, Charlottesville, VA 22908 0699, USA
    Emerg Med Clin North Am 22:865-85. 2004
    ..Management is largely supportive, including aggressive cardiorespiratory support...
  26. ncbi Administration of atropine in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: potentiation of the ischemic process?
    W J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22906 0114, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:81-3. 2001
    ..An awareness of this potential adverse reaction coupled with a prudent selection of candidates for atropine therapy will show the risk/benefit ratio in each individual patient and, therefore, guide the clinician...
  27. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: vascular injury associated with knee dislocation
    A D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:583-8. 2001
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  28. ncbi Electrocardiographic manifestations of pulmonary embolism
    E Ullman
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:514-9. 2001
    ..This review focuses on the ECG and the various abnormalities seen in the patient with PE...
  29. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: calcaneal fractures
    Carl A Germann
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 22:607-11. 2004
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management of calcaneal fractures applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  30. ncbi Additional electrocardiographic leads in the ED chest pain patient: right ventricular and posterior leads
    Michael P Somers
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottseville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 21:563-73. 2003
    ..The use of the additional leads might not only confirm the presence of AMI, but also provide a more accurate reflection of the true extent of myocardial damage...
  31. ncbi Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: outcome after ED care
    S Luber
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville-Albemarle Rescue Squad, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 19:40-2. 2001
    ..PSVT recurrence is relatively uncommon and usually occurs within 24 hours of ED presentation. PSVT recurrence occurs more often in the elderly and in those with established cardiac disease...
  32. ncbi Electrocardiographic manifestations of Wellens' syndrome
    Joseph Rhinehardt
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:638-43. 2002
    ..It is vital that the physician recognize these changes and the association with critical LAD obstruction and significant risk for anterior wall myocardial infarction...
  33. ncbi Altered mental status: evaluation and etiology in the ED
    William Kanich
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:613-7. 2002
    ..This group represented a minority of the ED population yet rates of ED resource use, hospital admission, and death were high...
  34. ncbi Electrocardiographic ST segment elevation: a comparison of AMI and non-AMI ECG syndromes
    William J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:609-12. 2002
    ..When determining AMI versus non-AMI with the ECG, these various findings should be used in the consideration of the overall clinical picture (history, examination, and electrocardiogram) in chest pain patients with ST segment elevation...
  35. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: slipped capital femoral epiphysis
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:484-7. 2002
    ..This article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency physician in the treatment of SCFE...
  36. ncbi Electrocardiographic T-wave inversion: differential diagnosis in the chest pain patient
    Geoffrey E Hayden
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:252-62. 2002
    ....
  37. ncbi Serial electrocardiography
    Jonathon Velez
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:43-9. 2002
    ..A correct diagnosis is dependent on EP expertise in the evaluation of the chest pain patient--in large part, the electrocardiogram...
  38. ncbi Wide-complex tachycardia: beyond the traditional differential diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia vs supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction
    Heather Hollowell
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 23:876-89. 2005
    ..These tachycardias are diverse; as such, the pathophysiology behind each form of WCT includes toxic, metabolic, and conduction system dysfunction mechanisms...
  39. ncbi Sudden cardiac death in athletes: a guide for emergency physicians
    Carl A Germann
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 23:504-9. 2005
    ..This review examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to emergency practitioners...
  40. ncbi Disagreement in the interpretation of electrocardiographic ST segment elevation: a source of error for emergency physicians?
    Brian F Erling
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 22:65-70. 2004
    ..Electrocardiographic patterns responsible for this interpretive disagreement of ST segment elevation can represent an unfortunate but potentially predictable source of error in emergency medical care...
  41. ncbi Risk management and avoiding legal pitfalls in the emergency treatment of high-risk orthopedic injuries
    Carl A Germann
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Tufts University College of Medicine, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA
    Emerg Med Clin North Am 28:969-96. 2010
    ..When approaching these injuries in the ED, a high level of suspicion coupled with appropriate evaluation and management will allow the practitioner to avoid mismanagement of these potential pitfall cases...
  42. ncbi The prominant T wave: electrocardiographic differential diagnosis
    Michael P Somers
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:243-51. 2002
    ..We also recommend that the designation hyperacute should refer exclusively to the prominent T waves of ST-segment elevation AMI...
  43. ncbi The prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram: impact on management of the out-of-hospital acute coronary syndrome patient
    Jeffrey D Ferguson
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 21:136-42. 2003
    ..Importantly, these benefits are encountered with little increase in EMS resource use or on-scene time...
  44. ncbi Acute complications associated with shoulder dislocation at an academic Emergency Department
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0699, USA
    J Emerg Med 24:141-5. 2003
    ..Neurologic deficits in 12% is significantly lower than the 21-65% reported in the orthopedic literature. Although complications associated with shoulder dislocation were relatively common, they did not significantly affect ED management...
  45. ncbi Electrocardiographic ST segment elevation: left ventricular aneurysm
    John Engel
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:238-42. 2002
    ..This article focuses on the electrocardiographic findings useful in making the diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm as well as distinguishing LVA from other STE syndromes...
  46. ncbi The athlete's electrocardiogram
    Jeffrey Wu
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 22908-0699, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 24:77-86. 2006
    ..This article reviews the various findings in this group of patients...
  47. ncbi Reciprocal ST segment depression: impact on the electrocardiographic diagnosis of ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction
    William J Brady
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:35-8. 2002
    ..In these cases, reciprocal ST segment depression is of considerable value in establishing the electrocardiographic diagnosis of STE AMI...
  48. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: fight bite
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:114-7. 2002
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management options applicable to the emergency physician in the treatment of fight bite...
  49. ncbi Closed reduction of prosthetic hip dislocation by emergency physicians
    Carl A Germann
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME 04102-3175, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 23:800-5. 2005
    ..Overall, 10 patients (9%) failed ED CR. No postreduction complications were identified in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: EPs can safely and successfully perform CR on patients with dislocated total hip arthroplasties...
  50. ncbi Arrhythmic complications of acute coronary syndromes
    Andrew D Perron
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, 04102, USA
    Emerg Med Clin North Am 23:1065-82. 2005
    ..Emphasis is placed on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies...
  51. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: tibial plafond fractures
    Carl A Germann
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland 04102, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 23:357-62. 2005
    ..This review examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management of tibial plafond fractures applicable to the emergency practitioner...
  52. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls: cauda equina syndrome
    Stephen A Small
    Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, 22908-0699, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 23:159-63. 2005
    ..This case report discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and relevant treatment of cauda equina syndrome in the ED...
  53. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: neurovascular injury associated with posterior elbow dislocations
    Sadie J Carter
    Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 28:960-5. 2010
    ..It is important for the emergency physician to maintain a high level of suspicion and evaluate for neurovascular compromise on every patient with elbow dislocation despite the low overall incidence of severe injury...
  54. ncbi Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with syncope
    J Stephen Huff
    J Emerg Nurs 33:e1-e17. 2007
  55. ncbi Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: Achilles tendon rupture
    Jacob Ufberg
    Temple University Hospital and School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 22:596-600. 2004
    ..This review article examines the clinical presentation, diagnostic technique, and management options applicable to the emergency physician in the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture...
  56. ncbi Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with syncope
    J Stephen Huff
    Ann Emerg Med 49:431-44. 2007
  57. ncbi A comparison of central venous and arterial base deficit as a predictor of survival in acute trauma
    Thomas M Schmelzer
    Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 26:119-23. 2008
    ..The venous blood, however, may better reflect tissue perfusion. Its usefulness in trauma is unknown. We compared central venous with arterial blood gas analysis to determine which was a better predictor of survival in injured patients...
  58. ncbi Oligoanalgesia in ED patients with isolated extremity injury without documented fracture
    Jesse M Pines
    Am J Emerg Med 23:580. 2005
  59. ncbi Sources of information on emergency medicine residency programs
    Andrew D Perron
    Acad Emerg Med 9:1462-3. 2002
  60. ncbi Electrocardiographic manifestations of hypothermia
    Amal Mattu
    Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 20:314-26. 2002
    ..A thorough knowledge of these findings is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia. Six cases are presented that show these important ECG manifestations of hypothermia...
  61. ncbi The Brugada syndrome
    Amal Mattu
    Department of Surgery/Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
    Am J Emerg Med 21:146-51. 2003
    ..Therefore, it is imperative that all emergency physicians be familiar with the typical ECG manifestations of Brugada syndrome. Three illustrative cases are presented with a review of the syndrome...