B F Palmer

..In contrast, severe respiratory alkalosis should be approached with a sense of urgency and be aggressively corrected...

..This review focuses on the biochemical complications associated with the use of diuretics. The development of these complications can be minimized with careful monitoring, dosage adjustment, and replacement of electrolyte losses...

..The sudden development of intradialytic hypotension may respond to specific antagonists to hypotensive mediators...

..The avoidance of hypokalemia has been linked to less thiazide-induced glucose intolerance. Patient persistence on therapy is dependent on well tolerated drug combinations...

..These steps will help to ensure the clinician identifies not only overt abnormalities but also subtle disturbances that may lay hidden in a routine set of serum chemistry values...

..Current evidence indicates that the clinical efficacy of these end points includes effects that may be beyond blood pressure reduction...

..This article also reviews the mechanisms responsible for hypoalbuminemia in proteinuric subjects who have chronic kidney disease...

..Changes in the serum creatinine concentration and hyperkalemia are complications of antihypertensive therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease that can be successfully managed to allow continued use of renin-angiotensin blockade...

..Patients with hyponatremia have an increased mortality rate and therefore an understanding of the cause and treatment of this disorder is of paramount importance...

..The most common clinical manifestations of altitude illness are acute mountain sickness, high altitude pulmonary edema, and high altitude cerebral edema...

..Before concluding that a cell shift or renal defect in potassium excretion is present, pseudohyperkalemia should be excluded...

..Complications of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired urinary concentrating ability, and glucose intolerance...

..This review will summarize methods of assessing renal function and the most recent guidelines for the early screening and diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease...

..Supratherapeutic dosing may be a valuable approach for optimizing RAAS blockade and providing renoprotection...

..This article reviews the evidence for using proteinuria as a target for the implementation of therapies shown to have renal protective effects...

..Distinguishing between these two disorders is of crucial importance because therapy indicated for one disorder but used in the other can result in negative clinical consequences...

..As long as this increase is neither excessive nor progressive, physicians should not be dissuaded from trying to achieve newly established blood pressure goals...

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..Although further studies are needed, testosterone therapy may prove most useful as an adjunct to other more general therapies designed to address the uremic state...

..There is indirect evidence that blocking the renin-angiotensin system may improve renal autoregulation...

..Individualizing the dialysate composition is likely to gain increasing importance given the advancing age and increasing number of comorbid conditions found in ESRD patients...

..Uremic women should be advised against pregnancy while on dialysis. Successful transplantation is the most effective means of restoring normal sexual function in both men and women with chronic kidney failure...

..The National Kidney Foundation suggests that ACE inhibitors and ARBs may be used in combination to reduce proteinuria in patients with kidney disease; however, larger outcomes trials are needed...

..As in microalbuminuria, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and dual-action beta-blockers help improve insulin sensitivity...

..We propose that the hyperkalemia was due to a potassium load introduced into the maternal circulation as a result of intrauterine fetal demise and uterine rupture...

..We report on the case of a patient with diabetic myonecrosis. We remind clinicians of this underdiagnosed condition and discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of this disabling condition...

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..Based on our experience in this patient and a review of previously reported cases, hemodialysis is effective in decreasing serum boric acid levels and should be considered in the treatment of patients with acute boric acid intoxication...

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