Research Topics
| M PaiSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Bacteriophage- based tests for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens: a systematic review and meta- analysisShriprakash Kalantri
University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 140, Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
BMC Infect Dis 5:59. 2005..However, the test lacks sensitivity. Although bacteriophage-based tests for tuberculosis have shown promising results, their overall accuracy has not been systematically evaluated...- A commercial line probe assay for the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysisMaureen Morgan
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
BMC Infect Dis 5:62. 2005..The INNO-LiPA Rif. TB (LiPA) is a commercial line probe assay designed to rapidly detect rifampicin resistance, a marker of MDR-TB. Although LiPA has shown promising results, its overall accuracy has not been systematically evaluated... - Alternatives to the tuberculin skin test: interferon-gamma assays in the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionM Pai
Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Indian J Med Microbiol 23:151-8. 2005..To fully evaluate the utility of IFN-gamma assays in high burden countries such as India, long-term cohort studies are needed to determine the association between positive IFN-gamma results and the subsequent risk of active disease... - New tools and emerging technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: part I. Latent tuberculosisMadhukar Pai
University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, Berkeley Division of Epidemiology, 140, Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6:413-22. 2006..The review concludes by highlighting areas where evidence is lacking, and provides an agenda for future research. Active TB and drug resistance are discussed in Part II; 423-432 of this issue... - Bacteriophage-based assays for the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a meta-analysisMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 140, Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
J Infect 51:175-87. 2005..To summarize, using meta-analysis, the accuracy of bacteriophage-based assays for the detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis... - Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers in rural India: comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testingMadhukar Pai
Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India
JAMA 293:2746-55. 2005..Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers has not been adequately studied in developing countries using newer diagnostic tests... - New tools and emerging technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: part II. Active tuberculosis and drug resistanceMadhukar Pai
University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, Berkeley Division of Epidemiology, 140, Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6:423-32. 2006..Latent TB is discussed in Part I; 413-422 of this issue... - Interferon-gamma assays in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis: a systematic reviewMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 4:761-76. 2004..Whether this potential can be realised in practice remains to be confirmed in well designed, long-term studies... - Persistently elevated T cell interferon-gamma responses after treatment for latent tuberculosis infection among health care workers in India: a preliminary reportMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
J Occup Med Toxicol 1:7. 2006..Specifically, research is needed to study T cell kinetics during LTBI treatment, and determine the effect of recurrent exposures on host cellular immune responses... - Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: an illustrated, step-by-step guideMadhukar Pai
Berkeley Systematic Reviews Group, Division of Epidemiology, University of California at Berkeley, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Natl Med J India 17:86-95. 2004..We hope that it will enable clinicians to conduct systematic reviews, generate high-quality evidence, and contribute to the evidence-based medicine movement... - Nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysisMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of California, Berkeley 140, Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
BMC Infect Dis 4:6. 2004..We conducted a systematic review to determine the accuracy of nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis... - Systematic review and meta-analysis of antigen detection tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosisL L Flores
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol 18:1616-27. 2011..Considering that antigen detection tests could be translated into rapid point-of-care tests, research to improve their performance is urgently needed... - Clinical trials in India sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry: a proposal for reformsMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 94720, USA
Natl Med J India 15:93-6. 2002 - Prevalence of abnormal radiological findings in health care workers with latent tuberculosis infection and correlations with T cell immune responseRajnish Joshi
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
PLoS ONE 2:e805. 2007..We determined radiological lesions in a cohort of HCWs with latent TB infection (LTBI) in India, and determined their association with demographic, occupational and T-cell immune response variables... - Serial testing of health care workers for tuberculosis using interferon-gamma assayMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:349-55. 2006..Although interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assays are promising alternatives to the tuberculin skin test (TST), their serial testing performance is unknown... - Blinded evaluation of commercial urinary lipoarabinomannan for active tuberculosis: a pilot studyP Daley
Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 13:989-95. 2009..Urine antigen testing is an attractive strategy for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB), but accuracy data are scarce... - Does bleach processing increase the accuracy of sputum smear microscopy for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis?A Cattamanchi
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Clin Microbiol 48:2433-9. 2010..Further research should focus on alternative approaches to optimizing smear microscopy, such as light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy and same-day sputum collection strategies... - Tuberculosis among health-care workers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic reviewRajnish Joshi
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
PLoS Med 3:e494. 2006..Available evidence reinforces the need to design and implement simple, effective, and affordable TB infection-control programs in health-care facilities in these countries... - Comparison of a whole blood interferon-gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for the detection of tuberculosis infection in hospitalized children in rural IndiaSandeep Dogra
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442102, India
J Infect 54:267-76. 2007..Because few studies have been done in high incidence countries, and because paediatric data are limited, we compared a whole-blood IFN-gamma assay with TST among hospitalized Indian children... - Commercial serological antibody detection tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic reviewKaren R Steingart
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
PLoS Med 4:e202. 2007..Currently, dozens of distinct commercial antibody detection tests are sold in developing countries. The question is "do they work?".. - Commercial nucleic-acid amplification tests for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in respiratory specimens: meta-analysis and meta-regressionDaphne I Ling
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
PLoS ONE 3:e1536. 2008..We performed a meta-analysis on the accuracy of commercial NAATs to diagnose pulmonary TB and meta-regression to identify factors that are associated with higher accuracy... - Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosisPayam Nahid
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Room 5K1, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Proc Am Thorac Soc 3:103-10. 2006.... - International Standards for Tuberculosis Care: revisiting the cornerstones of tuberculosis care and controlElizabeth Fair
University of California, Francis J Curry National Tuberculosis Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 5:61-5. 2007.... - Guidelines on interferon-? release assays for tuberculosis infection: concordance, discordance or confusion?C M Denkinger
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Clin Microbiol Infect 17:806-14. 2011..Future IGRA guidelines must aim to be transparent, evidence-based, periodically updated, and free of financial conflicts and industry involvement... - Sputum processing methods to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic reviewKaren R Steingart
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 6:664-74. 2006..Operational studies are needed to determine whether the increased sensitivity provided by processing methods is sufficient to offset their increased cost, complexity, and potential biohazards, and to examine their feasibility... - International standards for tuberculosis carePhilip C Hopewell
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 6:710-25. 2006.... - Accuracy of perception and touch for detecting fever in adults: a hospital-based study from a rural, tertiary hospital in Central IndiaManoj Singh
Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, India
Trop Med Int Health 8:408-14. 2003..To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the patient's perception, and of the touch of patient attendants and a doctor for detecting fever... - A systematic review of commercial serological antibody detection tests for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosisKaren R Steingart
Division pf Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, USA
Thorax 62:911-8. 2007..At present, commercial antibody detection tests for extrapulmonary tuberculosis have no role in clinical care or case detection... - Poor accuracy of the Siriraj and Guy's hospital stroke scores in distinguishing haemorrhagic from ischaemic stroke in a rural, tertiary care hospitalPriya Badam
Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha 442102, Maharashtra, India
Natl Med J India 16:8-12. 2003..CT scan, and not history and clinical signs, can accurately identify haemorrhage from infarction in acute stroke... - Accuracy and reliability of physical signs in the diagnosis of pleural effusionShriprakash Kalantri
Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram 442101, India
Respir Med 101:431-8. 2007..23-38.70). For the final multivariate model, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was 0.88. In conclusion, our data suggest that physical signs may be helpful to rule out but not rule in pleural effusion... - Diagnostic accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests for tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysisMadhukar Pai
Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 3:633-43. 2003..On current evidence, commercial NAA tests show a potential role in confirming tuberculous meningitis diagnosis, although their overall low sensitivity precludes the use of these tests to rule out tuberculous meningitis with certainty... - Simple clinical predictors of brain lesions in patients with impaired consciousness: a cross sectional study from a rural, tertiary hospital in central IndiaY Geetadevi
Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 108:25-31. 2005..7%, diastolic BP in 37.2% and pulse rate in 19.9% patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the vital signs lack accuracy for ruling in or ruling out brain lesion in patients with impaired consciousness... - Tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of people with pulmonary tuberculosis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysisJanina Morrison
Francis J Curry National Tuberculosis Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 8:359-68. 2008..These results suggest that contact investigation merits serious consideration as a means to improve early case detection and decrease transmission of M tuberculosis in high-incidence areas... - Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in a rural population of central India: a hospital-based case-control studySamir S Patil
Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha 442102, Maharashtra, India
Natl Med J India 17:189-94. 2004..9; 95% CI 0.9, 4.0) were risk factors but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Reduction in blood glucose levels and truncal obesity may be important in controlling the burden of coronary artery disease in rural Indians... - Accuracy and reliability of palpation and percussion for detecting hepatomegaly: a rural hospital-based studyRajnish Joshi
Division of Epidemiology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Indian J Gastroenterol 23:171-4. 2004..44-0.53) and percussion (=0.17-0.33) were low, indicating poor reliability of these techniques. CONCLUSION: Clinical assessment of hepatomegaly by palpation and percussion lacks both accuracy and reliability... - Performance of purified antigens for serodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysisKaren R Steingart
Francis J Curry National Tuberculosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, 3180 18th Street, Suite 101, San Francisco, CA 94110 2028, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol 16:260-76. 2009..The use of a case-control design with healthy controls for the majority of studies was a limitation of the review. Efforts are needed to improve the methodological quality of tuberculosis diagnostic studies... - In-house nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens: meta-analysis and meta-regressionLaura L Flores
Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
BMC Microbiol 5:55. 2005..Here, we used meta-analytical methods, including meta-regression, to identify factors related to study design and assay protocols that affect test accuracy in order to identify those factors associated with high estimates of accuracy... - T-cell assays for tuberculosis infection: deriving cut-offs for conversions using reproducibility dataAnandharaman Veerapathran
Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
PLoS ONE 3:e1850. 2008..A logical start is to determine the within-person variability of T-cell responses during serial testing... - A pilot study of short-duration sputum pretreatment procedures for optimizing smear microscopy for tuberculosisPeter Daley
Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
PLoS ONE 4:e5626. 2009..We did a pilot study to compare the diagnostic accuracy and incremental yield of two short-duration (<1 hour) sputum pretreatment procedures to optimize direct smears among patients with suspected TB at a referral hospital in India... - Fluorescence versus conventional sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic reviewKaren R Steingart
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 6:570-81. 2006.... - Tuberculosis, vulnerability, and access to quality carePhilip C Hopewell
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Francis J. Curry National Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
JAMA 293:2790-3. 2005 - A systematic review of commercial serological antibody detection tests for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosisKaren R Steingart
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, and Francis J Curry National Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Postgrad Med J 83:705-12. 2007..At present, commercial antibody detection tests for extrapulmonary tuberculosis have no role in clinical care or case detection... - Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated malaria: a systematic reviewJimee Hwang
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Trop Med Int Health 11:789-99. 2006..To compare the efficacies against uncomplicated falciparum malaria of chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AQ), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and combinations of these inexpensive drugs... - Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysisMichael N Bates
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Arch Intern Med 167:335-42. 2007..There is no consensus whether tobacco smoking increases risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection, disease, or mortality. Whether this is so has substantial implications for tobacco and TB control policies... - The socio-cultural challenge in public health interventions: the case of tuberculosis in IndiaBilkis Vissandjee
School of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Int J Public Health 52:199-201. 2007 - Rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis using nucleic acid amplification tests: what is the evidence?Madhukar Pai
Future Microbiol 3:1-4. 2008 - Tuberculosis diagnostics trials: do they lack methodological rigor?Madhukar Pai
Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6:509-14. 2006 - Impact of round-the-clock, rapid oral fluid HIV testing of women in labor in rural IndiaNitika Pant Pai
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency Service, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
PLoS Med 5:e92. 2008..In this context, we investigated the impact of introducing round-the-clock, rapid, point-of-care HIV testing and counseling in a busy labor ward at a tertiary care hospital in rural India... - Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an updateMadhukar Pai
McGill University and Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ann Intern Med 149:177-84. 2008..A recent meta-analysis showed that IGRAs have high specificity, even among populations that have received bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Sensitivity was suboptimal for TST and IGRAs... - Interferon-gamma release assays: what is their role in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis?Madhukar Pai
Clin Infect Dis 44:74-7. 2007 - Evidence-based tuberculosis diagnosisMadhukar Pai
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PLoS Med 5:e156. 2008 - New diagnostics for latent and active tuberculosis: state of the art and future prospectsMadhukar Pai
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 29:560-8. 2008.... - The accuracy and reliability of nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosisMadhukar Pai
Natl Med J India 17:233-6. 2004 - Meta-analysis: new tests for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: areas of uncertainty and recommendations for researchDick Menzies
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ann Intern Med 146:340-54. 2007..Until recently, the tuberculin skin test was the only test for detecting latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, but 2 ex vivo interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are now commercially licensed... - Nosocomial tuberculosis in IndiaMadhukar Pai
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Emerg Infect Dis 12:1311-8. 2006..Finally, we outline the critical information needed to effectively address the problem of nosocomial transmission of TB in India... - The new IGRA and the old TST: making good use of disagreementMadhukar Pai
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175:529-31. 2007 - The prognosis of latent tuberculosis: can disease be predicted?Peter Andersen
Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, DK 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
Trends Mol Med 13:175-82. 2007..This might provide an unprecedented advantage for TB control, namely targeted preventive therapy for individuals who are most at risk of developing active contagious TB... - T-cell assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: moving the research agenda forwardMadhukar Pai
McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Lancet Infect Dis 7:428-38. 2007..Ultimately, if adequately financed, the research findings will inform appropriate use of novel latent tuberculosis infection diagnostics in global tuberculosis control... - Initial drug resistance and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysisWoojin Lew
Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ann Intern Med 149:123-34. 2008..Despite the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, most low- and middle-income countries use standardized regimens, without assessment of drug susceptibility... - Protecting healthcare workers from tuberculosis in the era of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosisMadhukar Pai
Natl Med J India 20:1-3. 2007 - Serial testing for tuberculosis: can we make sense of T cell assay conversions and reversions?Madhukar Pai
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
PLoS Med 4:e208. 2007 - Are we providing quality care to our patients with tuberculosis ?Madhukar Pai
Indian J Med Res 125:491-7. 2007 - Systematic reviews of diagnostic test evaluations: What's behind the scenes?Madhukar Pai
ACP J Club 141:A11-3. 2004 - Commercial serological tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: do they work?Karen R Steingart
Future Microbiol 2:355-9. 2007 - Meta-analysis of the impact of HIV on the infectiousness of tuberculosis: methodological concernsMadhukar Pai
Clin Infect Dis 34:1285-7. 2002 - Interferon-gamma assays for tuberculosis: is anergy the Achilles' heel?Madhukar Pai
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172:519-21. 2005 - Recent advances in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosisBen J Marais
Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health and the Department of paediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Arch Dis Child 92:446-52. 2007.... - Discordance between tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma assaysMadhukar Pai
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:942-3. 2006 - New approaches and emerging technologies in the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosisBen J Marais
Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Cape Town, South Africa
Paediatr Respir Rev 8:124-33. 2007.... - Lethal interaction: the colliding epidemics of tobacco and tuberculosisMadhukar Pai
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 5:385-91. 2007..Since tobacco control will have multiple health benefits, it is likely to be a highly cost-effective intervention from a societal perspective... - Optimizing sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosisKaren R Steingart
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 5:327-31. 2007