D H Overstreet

..It has been recently shown that each of these drugs feeds through G protein-coupled receptors to potassium-gated channels. Thus, an abnormality in the potassium channel could underlie the depressed-like behavior of the FSL rats...

..It is concluded that the behavioral tests used to infer depressed-like behavior in rats will continue to provide useful data if the appropriate animals and proper methods are used...

..These findings indicate that the CRF system and CRF(1) receptors play key roles in the adaptive change responsible for the anxiety-like behavior induced by repeated withdrawals from chronic ethanol...

..Nemifitide is a novel peptide analog of melanocyte-inhibiting factor (MIF) that has been reported to relieve depressive symptoms in a very short period...

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..Together, these findings indicate that the CRF(1) receptor antagonist SSR125543 has both antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in the Flinders Sensitive Line rats...

..These findings confirm the antidepressant-like potential of SSR149415 and suggest that it may also have anxiolytic effects. It is likely that the strategy of testing selective vasopressin V1b receptor antagonists will be fruitful...

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..Thus, the FSL rat model of depression exhibits some behavioral, neurochemical, and pharmacological features that have been reported in depressed individuals and has been very effective in detecting antidepressants...

..Anxiety-like behavior resulting from repeated withdrawals from chronic ethanol diets is counteracted by systemic administration of a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist or a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist...

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..These findings suggest that although depressive-like behavior and high alcohol intake co-occur in the FH/Wjd rat, they are independently regulated...

..Because anxiety is often regarded as a precipitating factor in relapsing alcoholics, we decided to examine the consequences of stressing alcohol-preferring P rats on both voluntary alcohol drinking and withdrawal-induced anxiety...

..Thus, amibegron had a selective antidepressant-like effect in this study, confirming its antidepressant potential...

..Thus, a non-addictive selective inhibitor of ALDH-2 has both anxiolytic and antidipsotropic properties, which may be dependent, in part on the involvement of the GABA-benzodiazepine system...

..Thus, NGF has antidepressant-like effects but does not appear to have biochemical actions typical of other antidepressants...

..A reduction in [3H]flunitrazepam binding was also seen at this concentration. These findings are consistent with NPI-031G being a weak benzodiazepine site antagonist...

..Their usefulness in detecting potential antidepressant drugs and the relationship between mood disorders and drug abuse will be discussed...

..In this article, the effects of a three-cycle model of ethanol exposure and withdrawal on the social interaction test of anxiety are summarized...

..However, the findings in an animal model of dietary-induced cholinergic hypofunction developed by Roger Russell and colleagues may shed light on this question...

..W. Lee; (4) St. John's Wort extract reduces alcohol intake in FH and P rats, by Amir Rezvani and David Overstreet; and (5) extracts reduce alcohol intake in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats, by Maurizio Massi...

..An elucidation of these mechanisms may provide useful clues to those involved in chemical intolerance in humans...

..Further study with additional tests of anxiety are needed to confirm this intriguing relationship...

..The deficits in social interaction behavior following withdrawal from continuous ethanol exposure can be reduced following acute treatments with 5-HT(2C) antagonists or 5-HT(1A) agonists...

..The pattern of binding results suggests that these behavioral correlates of 8-OH-DPAT selection may be related to changes in cortical 5-HT-1A receptors rather than raphe autoreceptors...

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..These findings indicate that when emotional behavior is altered by prenatal cocaine administration, the effects are enduring...

..These results indicate that CRF released by stress acts on CRF-1 receptors within specific brain regions to produce a cumulative adaptation that sensitizes anxiety-like behavior during withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure...

..Current experiments determined if adolescent rats exhibit sensitized anxiety-like behavior, the duration of this effect, if drug pretreatments blocked these effects, and if these effects differed from those seen in adults...

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..We conclude that the FH/Wjd rat is a genetic animal model of depression and alcoholism, but that the two measures reflective of these states are under separate genetic controls...

..While adolescent rats have differential responses to both acute and chronic ethanol treatments, the potential differences in the effects of repeated withdrawals in this population have yet to be determined...

..Moreover, they suggest that saredutant might also act as an add-on therapy for individuals who are not fully responding to their antidepressant treatment...

..5-HT(1A) receptors are involved in the regulation of resumption of sexual behavior after ejaculation...

..Furthermore, unlike the benzodiazepines, JNJ-5234801 does not have an adverse interaction with ethanol even at doses 20 to 40 times the minimal effective dose in the rat elevated plus maze (MED=1.0 mg/kg, p.o.)...

..Oxytocin's possible involvement in the mediation of these effects is highlighted...

..These results indicate that sucrose can significantly alter blood ethanol levels and that chronic self-administration of a sweetened ethanol solution for 6 weeks does not produce ethanol dependence...

..Although these phenomena are not the same as lethality, they may be parallel phenomena, and our results may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of nerve agent toxicity...

..The present investigation assessed whether pretreatment of rats with agents targeting receptor systems thought to be important in treating relapse in alcoholic patients would prevent sensitization of anxiety-like behavior...

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..However, their role in the future of pharmacotherapy for alcoholism will depend upon the outcome of carefully conducted clinical trials...

..This investigation explored the potential role of several brain regions (amygdala, raphe, inferior colliculus, nucleus accumbens, and paraventricular hypothalamus) for these actions of flumazenil...

..Therefore, these preliminary findings are encouraging, but many additional studies are needed to establish the effectiveness of donepezil as a prophylactic agent against irreversible cholinesterase inhibition by DFP...

..Prenatal exposure to these drugs sex-specifically decreased ethanol preference behavior in offspring unlike reports for either drug separately. The possible role of oxytocin in reduction of ethanol consumption behavior is highlighted...

..The studies reported herein examined the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-modulating drugs on social interaction behavior-an established model of anxiety-in rats exposed to repeated cycles of ethanol treatment and withdrawal...

..Because anxiety may be a complicating factor in alcohol withdrawal and relapse, future studies of this type are needed to provide focus for the effort to define selective and novel antianxiety agents for these disorders...

..Together, these findings indicate that increased cytokine activity induces adaptive change that supports sensitization of ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety that may be linked to GABA(A)-receptor function...

..The rationale for proposing the "kindling"/stress hypothesis is to provide a conceptual basis for the insidious development and maintenance of alcohol abuse...

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..Collectively, the presentations provided convincing support for an involvement of stress in the cause of relapse and continuing alcohol abuse and suggested novel pharmacological approaches for treating relapse induced by stress...

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..CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that mGluR5 receptors may modulate both the maintenance of operant ethanol self-administration and abstinence-induced increases in ethanol intake...

..Thus, there are no sex differences in the three-cycle multiple-withdrawal paradigm, but there may be differences after briefer exposures...

..The goal of the current investigation was to study cellular alterations on neuro- and cell-genesis during abstinence following alcohol self-administration using alcohol-preferring rats (P rats)...

..For this reason, NPY Y5 receptor antagonists may be useful in medical management of alcohol abuse and alcoholism in the human population...

..Changes in the Par-4/D2DR signaling pathway represent a novel mechanism that may link apoptotic and dopamine signaling pathways in major depression and schizophrenia...

..Our results suggest that nonlinear analyses can detect dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and shed light on the pathophysiology of depression...

..Impaired variance of the length of interspike intervals in this area may correspond to the pathophysiology of depression, and hence be a possible marker for the analysis of the efficiency of antidepressant treatment...

..Further research into 5-HT(3) receptor function in the alcohol-preferring FH/Wjd rats is needed to elucidate the relationship among 5-HT(3) receptors, alcohol drinking, and anxiety...

..The authors conclude that the 5-HT-dopamine interaction is critical to the fast-onset action of antidepressant treatment...

..This may contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of the serotonergic system in depression, and lead to pharmacological interventions aiming to modulate 5-HT regulation...

..0001) greater effect on forced alcohol intake than the FH father. It is concluded from these analyses that alcohol-related phenotypes are segregating independently and may be influenced by maternal and sex factors...

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..In this study, we examined the rewarding value of mother-infant interaction for FSL dams...

..Possible explanations, especially regarding the FSL dams' reward system are discussed...

..These results suggest that significantly reduced 5-HT synthesis in the raphe nuclei and limbic areas in FSL rats may contribute to their depressive features...

..Decoding the functionality of the dopaminergic system may help in development of future antidepressant drugs...

..Recent comparisons of the parental strains with F1 and F2 intercrosses revealed that the alcohol and saccharin intakes were positively correlated with each other but not with immobility...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results might suggest that prepubertal FSL and WKY rats are both putative genetic animal models of childhood depression, exhibiting separate patterns and symptoms of childhood depression...

..The present study supports our assumption that high basal levels of DHEA/S play a role in the resistance to ECS and maybe ECT in humans...

..Our results suggest that within a particular population of DLSN neurons from rats exhibiting a known phenotype of depression a post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor is functionally hyper-responsive compared to controls...

..In contrast, AChR sensitivity results in autonomic and respiratory abnormalities arising from alterations in central muscarinic and or other neurotransmitter receptors...

..To determine the potential toxicity and safety of the Chinese herbal medicine NPI-028 in rats following subchronic (3-month) exposure via daily oral consumption...

..This study tested the hypothesis that the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat, a promising genetic animal model of depression, would exhibit reductions in antigen-specific primary antibody responses to immunization...