Mark A Nichter

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..This article reports on lessons learned, challenges faced, and successes realized to date...

..Previous research has shown that pharmacoeconomic (PE) data are considered important but may not be optimally utilized by decision makers. No research has compared the effectiveness of different types of PE models...

..Future programs targeting this population would do well to acknowledge moral identity as an issue and recognize the challenges of quitting for women with limited social support and little control over their immediate environment...

..This analysis is used to identify strategies to break the chains of positive association that currently support widespread smoking...

..Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by qualitative researchers when engaging in transdisciplinary research...

..Sensorial anthropology can contribute to the study of transformative healing and trajectories of healthcare seeking and patterns of referral in pluralistic healthcare arenas...

..Therefore, a person could easily smoke more of them, which would lead to addiction. Another widely held belief was that the more expensive the cigarette, the less harmful it was for one's health...

..Although a plethora of survey research has shown a positive association between smoking and alcohol use, little attention has been given to the utility functions of these co-occurring behaviors...

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..Promising areas of research are identified, as are the potential contributions of ethnographies of tobacco use...

..To identify types of health influencers in tobacco cessation based on the frequency and characteristics of brief intervention activities...

..Much the opposite, we caution that the contexts in which low-level smoking takes place and the utility functions of such smoking must be taken seriously by researchers in light of current increases in tobacco use among college students...

..Future programs targeting this population should acknowledge women's harm-reduction efforts in environments where smoking is normative...

..Primary goals of this study were to explore contextual factors that contribute to breastfeeding intentions and behavior and to examine how smoking status affected women's decision making about breastfeeding...

..Researchers need to exert caution in propagating the idea that smoking is commonly used as a conscious and sustained weight-control strategy among adolescent females and young women...

..Although it is widely acknowledged among adult smokers that increases in smoking are often precipitated by stressful events, far less attention has been given to smoking during times of stress among youth...

..Here we describe Phase I of our research program, the iterative process of content identification, item development and refinement, and response format selection. Cognitive interviews and psychometric evaluation are reported separately...

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..Following a formative research process like this one will help tobacco researchers gain a better understanding of how nicotine dependence develops...

..It is our conclusion that individual patients, rather than society, should be the frame of reference and defining source for what constitutes integrative medicine and CAM...

..Given body/mind/emotional resonance, we suggest that the placebo response is an evolutionarily adaptive trait and part of healing mechanisms operating across many levels--from genetic and cellular to social and cultural...

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..More frequently collected longitudinal data than those currently available are needed to address the above issues. Understanding smoking behavior cannot be achieved without incorporating familial and other social contexts...

..Anti-smoking advertising can influence youth smoking, but whether it does in the context of individual anti-smoking campaigns needs to be the subject of careful evaluation...

..This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between patterns of day-to-day smoking and drinking among first year college students...

..Tobacco use habits of fathers and peers are significant influences on youth smoking. There is a need to focus on particular types of colleges as these appear to have high-risk tobacco use environments...

..Smoking cessation programs are warranted in medical schools in Kerala. An initiative is presently underway by the authors to incorporate tobacco education into the medical school curriculum...

..Study limitations are noted...

..This study demonstrates that it is possible to study EUEs in college students within days or weeks of their occurrence and that most of these occur in social settings with the concurrent use of alcohol...

..To explore Indonesian physician's smoking behaviours, their attitudes and clinical practices towards smoking cessation...

..The proposed project will leverage lessons learned during QTI and provide an infrastructure for training a next generation of local tobacco researchers to meet the challenges of tobacco cessation within their own countries. ..

..The proposed project will leverage lessons learned during QTI and provide an infrastructure for training a next generation of local tobacco researchers to meet the challenges of tobacco cessation within their own countries. ..

..The proposed project will leverage lessons learned during QTI and provide an infrastructure for training a next generation of local tobacco researchers to meet the challenges of tobacco cessation within their own countries. ..