A S Muula

..However, little is known about geographical overlaps in these illnesses. Spatial modelling may improve our understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases for efficient and cost-effective control...

..The prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women has not been described in Rwanda. A study was conducted to identify variables associated with IPV among Rwandan pregnant women...

..Data about the predictors of smoking among adolescents in Greece are sparse. We tried to identify factors associated with current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Greece in the context of GYTS study...

..Tobacco use is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Much of the epidemiologic research on tobacco focuses on smoking, especially cigarette smoking, but little attention on smokeless tobacco (SLT)...

..Hence, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of smoking and its associations among school-going adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia...

..This even occurs despite the fact that some mental health problems may arise from infectious diseases...

..The estimation of prevalence and factors associated with sexual intercourse among in-school adolescents has potential to inform public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of sex-related diseases in Zambia...

..Counseling and testing can be an entry point for prevention, care and support. Knowledge of the quality of services and motivations for testing by individuals is important for effective understanding of the testing environment...

..Informed policy decision-making on suicidal behaviour will need reliable information on the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation which is a determinant of suicidal behaviour...

..Correct and consistent condom use within an HIV-discordant partnership could prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...

..Estimation of the clinical human resources needs is required to inform the planning and distribution of health professionals...

..We conducted this study to estimate the correlates of current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Jamaica 2006 and compare prevalence of smoking and associated factors between 2000 and 2006...

..Using the Socio-Ecologiocal Model (SEM) we assessed the demographic and social factors associated with current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Thailand...

..This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of having been engaged in physical fighting on school property and associated factors of the behavior among school-going adolescents in the United States...

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..Medical teachers have a responsibility to introduce their students to different health experiences, in both urban and rural environments. The definition of a rural area can be problematic...

..Oftentimes however, it is the reasons for the out-migration that have been described in the literature. The work and domestic situations of those health professionals continuing to serve in their posts have not been adequately studied...

..Our hypothesis was that children whose mothers used the services of traditional healers were less likely to be vaccinated compared to children whose mothers did not use the services of traditional healers...

..While there is growing support for wide-spread availability and accessibility of MC in Africa, there is limited discussion about the prevalence of physical complications of male circumcision on the continent...

..The increasing availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has potential to mitigate the situation. There is however concern that women may experience more barriers in accessing treatment programs than men...

..The prevalence of cigarette smoking in Ukraine is different between genders and is among the highest in the world. There is need to identify gender-specific factors that are associated with having stopped smoking among adolescents...

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..Quantitative assessments of the estimated loss in investment allows for informed policy discussions and decisions...

..School-based programmes to prevent smoking should be evaluated as some may have little impact in influencing current smoking status...

..There is growing interest in the migration of doctors from Africa to developed nations. Little attention has been made in understanding the flow of doctors into African countries...

..Prevention, including education, supervision and management of trauma must receive the necessary attention they deserve in terms of resources, surveillance and impact mitigation...

..Understanding the factors that may be associated with adolescent cigarette smoking may aid in the design of prevention programs...

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..Non communicable diseases are a growing public health concern. Globally tobacco-related deaths surpass malaria deaths and yet developing countries' data are lacking...

..There is need for prospective studies to further characterize pain management and identify pain management gaps in Malawi. Interviews of clinicians and documentation of observations within clinical practice are likely to be of value...

..Individuals who are aware of the risk of infection and perceive themselves to be at risk of infection are more likely to take action to prevent HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among Iraqi women...

..44, 95%CI 0.43, 0.45) less likely to smoke than students who thought otherwise. Despite being the world's second leading grower of tobacco, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent is lower than has been reported elsewhere...

..There was lack of appropriate clinic space and sterile gloves for the proper delivery of maternity services. Midwives in Malawi need training, supervision and other support to provide adequate health care services to antenatal women...

..85, 95% CI 2.57, 3.15). It is suggested that public health interventions aimed to promote adolescent sexual health should be designed with the appreciation of the factors associated with sexual activity in due consideration...

..To describe specialization patterns of medical graduates of the University of Malawi College of Medicine...

..The consequences of low birth weight (LBW) include death and long-term health sequelae. Limited attention has been made towards the study of socio-demographic factors that may be associated with LBW in Malawi...

..In conclusion, HIV intervention programmes may not be reaching out to the majority of MSM. We suggest an exploration of the feasibility of HIV prevention interventions targeting MSM in this country where the practice is illegal...

..Over almost a decade it has flourished in the face of economic and political constraints, as well as a change in the philosophy of donor support. We review the past, assess the present and look to the future...

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..While younger children seem to have higher access to ITNs, there seems to be no statistically significant gender differences in accessibility...

..6%] and 22 women [13.4%]) in Malawi estimated a HIV prevalence rate of 36.6%; 29.9% among men and 50% among women. Three (2.1%) men reported having sex with men, and none reported intravenous drug use...

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..Balancing the need for appropriate supervision of students, and facilitating the retention of this patient-cantered approach to care should be maintained...

..To evaluate patient HIV knowledge and testing experience and assess the effect of an HIV informational handout on HIV testing propensity...

..Compared to women who lived in a village which was neither the husband's village nor her own village, women living with spouse in her own village or living in a husband's village were less likely to be HIV infected...

..To determine factors influencing voluntary counseling and premarital testing on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi...

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..To describe the current status of continued professional development (CPD) of healthcare personnel within the Ministry of Health (MoH) health centres in Blantyre, Malawi...

..We conclude that children are unlikely to be effective change agents if the social environment does not offer them the opportunity to influence key community figures...

..CONCLUSION: Close relatives, spouse and the media are important stakeholders in the health of pregnant women. Programs aimed at prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV should give serious consideration to these partners...

..All but three of those students are now qualified doctors working in various capacities in healthcare delivery service in Malawi...

..We argue in this article that the current phenomenon of nurses leaving developing nations for western countries is complex. Human rights issues of individual autonomy and public interest are at stake...

..Addressing the issues currently plaguing academic medicine will enable this essential and multi-faceted discipline to flourish...

..Relying on training more health workers in the numbers normally produced from the prevailing training institutions is unlikely to remove the shortages...

..We have drawn significantly from the ethical tenets of beneficence, autonomy of individuals, fairness or justice and informed consent...

..There have been many studies reporting on attitudes (perceptions) of communities on condoms and other aspects of HIV and AIDS and yet there is paucity of data on the perception towards condoms and abstinence by law makers...

..This paper discusses some tips that should be considered when community volunteers are used in resource-limited situations...

..In Malawi, there are limited reports of the diagnosis disclosure experiences of Tb patients...

..Intrinsic factors are an important motivator for community health volunteers CCGs in the peri-urban area of Blantyre. There is need for community groups to explore the feasibility of tapping from local material and financial resources...

..We report aspects of the genesis, progress and resolution of the strike. Although not much seems to have been achieved, both the employer and the workers need to draw lessons from the experience...

..Health practitioners should keep in mind that their main duty is to the best interest of the patient, the family and the community, in that order...

..There are fears that consummation of genetically modified maize could have adverse health effects. These fears must be addressed if the confidence of developing countries in the donor community is to be maintained...

..Our findings present an opportunity for an integrated disease control approach for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality...

..Efforts to control smoking in this age-group should also target their parents and other family members, by means of the media...

..Lessons will be highlighted and hopefully will contribute to the debate on HIV/AIDS and success of current and future prevention and control efforts...

..The prevalence of smoking among adolescents and the associated environment deserve attention...

..Further investigation of the identified reasons should be undertaken to facilitate programme development...

..To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of environmental tobacco exposure (ETS) among adolescents in Mongolia...