Research Topics
| Christopher J L MurraySummaryAffiliation: University of Washington Country: USA Publications
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Detail Information
Publications
National and subnational mortality effects of metabolic risk factors and smoking in Iran: a comparative risk assessmentFarshad Farzadfar
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
Popul Health Metr 9:55. 2011..abstract:..
Diabetes prevalence and diagnosis in US states: analysis of health surveysGoodarz Danaei
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Popul Health Metr 7:16. 2009..Self-reported diabetes prevalence may be biased because respondents may not be aware of their risk status. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes by state...
The Global Campaign for the Health MDGs: challenges, opportunities, and the imperative of shared learningChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
Lancet 370:1018-20. 2007
Health metrics and evaluation: strengthening the scienceChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
Lancet 371:1191-9. 2008..Only through concerted action will it be possible to assure the production, reproduction, and use of knowledge that is crucial to the advancement of global health...
Validation of the symptom pattern method for analyzing verbal autopsy dataChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 4:e327. 2007..In this study we develop and validate a statistical strategy for analyzing VA data that overcomes the limitations of PCVA...
Estimating population cause-specific mortality fractions from in-hospital mortality: validation of a new methodChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 4:e326. 2007..We propose a method to estimate population cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs) using data already collected in many middle-income and some low-income developing nations, yet rarely used: in-hospital death records...
Can we achieve Millennium Development Goal 4? New analysis of country trends and forecasts of under-5 mortality to 2015Christopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
Lancet 370:1040-54. 2007..We aimed to develop new reproducible methods and reanalyse existing data to elucidate detailed time trends...
Global burden of disease 2005: call for collaboratorsChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
Lancet 370:109-10. 2007
Falling behind: life expectancy in US counties from 2000 to 2007 in an international contextSandeep C Kulkarni
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Popul Health Metr 9:16. 2011..abstract:..
Neonatal, postneonatal, childhood, and under-5 mortality for 187 countries, 1970-2010: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4JULIE KNOLL RAJARATNAM
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 375:1988-2008. 2010..In view of policy initiatives and investments made since 2000, it is important to see if there is acceleration towards the MDG 4 target. We assessed levels and trends in child mortality for 187 countries from 1970 to 2010...
Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysisRafael Lozano
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 378:1139-65. 2011..Our aim was to update previous estimates of maternal and child mortality using better data and more robust methods to provide the best available evidence for tracking progress on MDGs 4 and 5...
Net benefits: a multicountry analysis of observational data examining associations between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and health outcomesStephen S Lim
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 8:e1001091. 2011..Although the efficacy of ITNs in trials has been shown, evidence on their impact under routine conditions is limited to a few countries and the extent to which the scale-up of ITNs has improved population health remains uncertain...
Estimates of global and regional potential health gains from reducing multiple major risk factorsMajid Ezzati
Risk, Resources, and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA
Lancet 362:271-80. 2003..But few such investigations have been attempted, and none on a global scale. Our aim was to estimate the potential health benefits from removal of multiple major risk factors...
Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysisChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 379:413-31. 2012..We aimed to provide an accurate assessment of the levels and time trends in malaria mortality to aid assessment of progress towards these goals and the focusing of future efforts...
Measuring adult mortality using sibling survival: a new analytical method and new results for 44 countries, 1974-2006Ziad Obermeyer
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 7:e1000260. 2010....
Breast and cervical cancer in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysisMohammad H Forouzanfar
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Lancet 378:1461-84. 2011..Breast and cervical cancer are important causes of mortality in women aged ≥15 years. We undertook annual age-specific assessments of breast and cervical cancer in 187 countries...
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010Christopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle 98121, WA, USA
Lancet 380:2197-223. 2012..We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time...
Assessment of population-level effect of Avahan, an HIV-prevention initiative in IndiaMarie Ng
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 378:1643-52. 2011..It was launched in 2003 in six states with a total population of 300 million and a high HIV burden. We assessed the population-level effect of the first phase of Avahan (2003-08)...
Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methodsJULIE KNOLL RAJARATNAM
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 7:e1000253. 2010..As a result, there is a demand for improvement of the methods employing summary birth history data to produce more accurate as well as subnational estimates of child mortality...
Worldwide mortality in men and women aged 15-59 years from 1970 to 2010: a systematic analysisJULIE KNOLL RAJARATNAM
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 375:1704-20. 2010..However, adult mortality has received little policy attention, resources, or monitoring efforts. This study aimed to estimate worldwide mortality in men and women aged 15-59 years...
The global financial crisis has led to a slowdown in growth of funding to improve health in many developing countriesKatherine Leach-Kemon
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA
Health Aff (Millwood) 31:228-35. 2012..Given the international community's focus on meeting the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and persistent economic hardship in donor countries, continued measurement of development assistance for health is essential for policy making...
What can we conclude from death registration? Improved methods for evaluating completenessChristopher J L Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 7:e1000262. 2010..Second, the methods have not been extensively validated in real population conditions where violations of the assumptions of the methods most certainly occur. Third, DDMs do not generate uncertainty intervals...
Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a systematic analysisEmmanuela Gakidou
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 376:959-74. 2010..We updated previous systematic assessments of educational attainment, and estimated the contribution of improvements in women's education to reductions in child mortality in the past 40 years...
Financing of global health: tracking development assistance for health from 1990 to 2007Nirmala Ravishankar
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 373:2113-24. 2009..We aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2007...
Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5Margaret C Hogan
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Lancet 375:1609-23. 2010..We assessed levels and trends in maternal mortality for 181 countries...
Rapid scaling up of insecticide-treated bed net coverage in Africa and its relationship with development assistance for health: a systematic synthesis of supply, distribution, and household survey dataAbraham D Flaxman
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS Med 7:e1000328. 2010..Sparse and inconsistent sources of data have prevented robust estimates of the coverage of ITNs over time...
Tracking population health based on self-reported impairments: Trends in the prevalence of hearing loss in US adults, 1976-2006Nayu Ikeda
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Am J Epidemiol 170:80-7. 2009..1) in 1993 to 4.2% (95% CI: 3.4, 5.3) in 2000. Prevalence was stable in both sexes in the early 2000s. This approach to adjust for biases in self-reported impairments by using measured performance may be useful in various health domains...
Management of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors in seven countries: a comparison of data from national health examination surveysEmmanuela Gakidou
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
Bull World Health Organ 89:172-83. 2011..To examine the effectiveness of the health system response to the challenge of diabetes across different settings and explore the inequalities in diabetes care that are attributable to socioeconomic factors...
Incorporating loss to follow-up in estimates of survival among HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa enrolled in antiretroviral therapy programsStéphane Verguet
Department of Global Health, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
J Infect Dis 207:72-9. 2013..We synthesized data from treatment cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa to estimate survival over 5 years after initiation of ART...
Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programmeZiad Obermeyer
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
BMJ 336:1482-6. 2008..To provide an accurate estimate of violent war deaths...
Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of diseaseMajid Ezzati
Risk, Resources and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA
Lancet 360:1347-60. 2002..Developing countries suffer most or all of the burden due to many of the leading risks. Strategies that target these known risks can provide substantial and underestimated public-health gains...
Tracking progress towards universal childhood immunisation and the impact of global initiatives: a systematic analysis of three-dose diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis immunisation coverageStephen S Lim
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Lancet 372:2031-46. 2008..We estimated the coverage of three doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine (DTP3) based on surveys using all available data...
Understanding the decline of mean systolic blood pressure in Japan: an analysis of pooled data from the National Nutrition Survey, 1986-2002Nayu Ikeda
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States of America
Bull World Health Organ 86:978-88. 2008..To assess the relationships between the observed drop in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in Japan in 1986-2002 and the use of antihypertensive treatment and lifestyle factors...
Disentangling the effects of risk factors and clinical care on subnational variation in early neonatal mortality in the United StatesLahn D Straney
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, The Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
PLoS ONE 7:e49399. 2012....
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: development of an evidence based global public health treatyKenji Shibuya
Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
BMJ 327:154-7. 2003
Setting international standards for verbal autopsyFrank Baiden
Bull World Health Organ 85:570-1. 2007
Quantification of health states with rank-based nonmetric multidimensional scalingPaul F M Krabbe
Department of Medical Technology Assessment 138, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Med Decis Making 27:395-405. 2007..This methodology is based on the ranking of differences between health states combined with an associated scaling model that transforms the individual rank data into group values on the interval level...
Effectiveness and costs of interventions to lower systolic blood pressure and cholesterol: a global and regional analysis on reduction of cardiovascular-disease riskChristopher J L Murray
Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization, 27, Geneva, Switzerland
Lancet 361:717-25. 2003..INTERPRETATION: The combination of personal and non-personal health interventions evaluated here could lower the global incidence of cardiovascular events by as much as 50%...
Who assessment of health systems performanceGro Harlem Brundtland
Lancet 361:2155. 2003
World health system performance revisited: the impact of varying the relative importance of health system goalsJeremy A Lauer
Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BMC Health Serv Res 4:19. 2004..In 2002, the World Health Organization published a health system performance ranking for 191 member countries. The ranking was based on five indicators, with fixed weights common to all countries...
Distribution of major health risks: findings from the Global Burden of Disease studyAnthony Rodgers
School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
PLoS Med 1:e27. 2004..The distribution of risk-factor-attributable disease burden, for example by age or exposure level, can inform the selection and targeting of specific interventions and programs, and increase cost-effectiveness...
Monitoring global health: time for new solutionsChristopher J L Murray
Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Harvard University, 104 Mount Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
BMJ 329:1096-100. 2004
Global patterns of healthy life expectancy in the year 2002Colin D Mathers
Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, Geneva, Switzerland
BMC Public Health 4:66. 2004..The World Health Organization reports on healthy life expectancy for 192 WHO Member States. This paper describes variation in average levels of population health across these countries and by sex for the year 2002...
Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health dataAlan D Lopez
School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
Lancet 367:1747-57. 2006..Our aim was to calculate the global burden of disease and risk factors for 2001, to examine regional trends from 1990 to 2001, and to provide a starting point for the analysis of the Disease Control Priorities Project (DCPP)...
Global and regional mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke attributable to higher-than-optimum blood glucose concentration: comparative risk assessmentGoodarz Danaei
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Lancet 368:1651-9. 2006..Programmes for cardiovascular risk and diabetes management and control at the population level need to be more closely integrated...
Towards good practice for health statistics: lessons from the Millennium Development Goal health indicatorsChristopher J L Murray
Harvard University, School of Public Health and Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
Lancet 369:862-73. 2007..This initiative would make available the primary data, all post-data collection adjustments, models including covariates used for farcasting and forecasting, and necessary documentation to the public...
[Benchmarking of performance of Mexican states with effective coverage]Rafael Lozano
Secretaria de Salud, Mexico DF, Mexico
Salud Publica Mex 49:S53-69. 2007..The national institutions undertaking this benchmarking must have the mandate, skills, resources, and independence to succeed...
[Assessing the effect of the 2001-06 Mexican health reform: an interim report card]Emmanuela Gakidou
Harvard Initiative for Global Health, 104 Mt Auburn Street 3rd floor, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Salud Publica Mex 49:S88-109. 2007..We present some lessons for Mexico based on this interim evaluation and explore implications for other countries considering health reforms...
Estimation of potential global pandemic influenza mortality on the basis of vital registry data from the 1918-20 pandemic: a quantitative analysisChristopher J L Murray
Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Lancet 368:2211-8. 2006..Our aim was to use high-quality vital registration data gathered during the 1918-20 pandemic to estimate global mortality should such a pandemic occur today...
A multi-method approach to measuring health-state valuationsJoshua A Salomon
Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Health Econ 13:281-90. 2004....
Comparability of self rated health: cross sectional multi-country survey using anchoring vignettesJoshua A Salomon
Department of Population and International Health, Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
BMJ 328:258. 2004..To examine differences in expectations for health using anchoring vignettes, which describe fixed levels of health on dimensions such as mobility...
Validity of reported vaccination coverage in 45 countriesChristopher J L Murray
Department of Health Service Provision, Evidence and Information for Policy, WHO, 27 Geneva, Switzerland
Lancet 362:1022-7. 2003..Strategies for measurement of the coverage of all health interventions should be grounded in careful assessments of the validity of data derived from various sources...
Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysisKe Xu
Evidence and Information for Policy, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 27, Geneva, Switzerland
Lancet 362:111-7. 2003....
Improving the comparability of diabetes mortality statistics in the U.S. and MexicoChristopher J L Murray
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Diabetes Care 31:451-8. 2008..The aim of this study was to increase the cross-state comparability of diabetes mortality statistics related in the U.S. and Mexico...
Global patterns of healthy life expectancy for older womenColin D Mathers
Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
J Women Aging 14:99-117. 2002..We discuss the implications of the findings for international health policy...
Global and regional estimates of cancer mortality and incidence by site: I. Application of regional cancer survival model to estimate cancer mortality distribution by siteColin D Mathers
Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BMC Cancer 2:36. 2002..For regions where information on the distribution of cancer deaths is not available, a site-specific survival model was developed to estimate the distribution of cancer deaths by site...
Global and regional estimates of cancer mortality and incidence by site: II. Results for the global burden of disease 2000Kenji Shibuya
Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
BMC Cancer 2:37. 2002..We present the detailed estimates of mortality and incidence by site as the basis for the future estimation of cancer burden for the Global Burden of Disease 2000 study...
Should data from demographic surveillance systems be made more widely available to researchers?Daniel Chandramohan
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
PLoS Med 5:e57. 2008..This debate is further discussed in this month's Editorial...
Epidemiological evidence: improving validity through consistency analysisColin D Mathers
Bull World Health Organ 80:611. 2002
Assessing the effect of the 2001-06 Mexican health reform: an interim report cardEmmanuela Gakidou
Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Lancet 368:1920-35. 2006..We present some lessons for Mexico based on this interim evaluation and explore implications for other countries considering health reforms...
The reversal of fortunes: trends in county mortality and cross-county mortality disparities in the United StatesMajid Ezzati
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
PLoS Med 5:e66. 2008....
Effect of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation on diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine coverage: an independent assessmentChunling Lu
Harvard Initiative for Global Health, 104 Mount Auburn St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Lancet 368:1088-95. 2006..Because ISS funding seems to have no effect in countries with baseline coverage greater than 65%, GAVI should consider redistributing its resources to countries with the lowest coverage...
Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across races, counties, and race-counties in the United StatesChristopher J L Murray
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
PLoS Med 3:e260. 2006....
Absorptive capacity and disbursements by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: analysis of grant implementationChunling Lu
Harvard Initiative for Global Health, 104 Mount Auburn St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Lancet 368:483-8. 2006..Our analysis was restricted to grant implementation, which is one part of the issue of absorptive capacity. In the future, assessment of the effect of Global Fund grants on intervention coverage will be vital...
Benchmarking of performance of Mexican states with effective coverageRafael Lozano
Secretaria de Salud, Reforma 450 Col Juarez CP 06600, Mexico DF, Mexico
Lancet 368:1729-41. 2006..The national institutions undertaking this benchmarking must have the mandate, skills, resources, and independence to succeed...
Understanding the coronary heart disease versus total cardiovascular mortality paradox: a method to enhance the comparability of cardiovascular death statistics in the United StatesChristopher J L Murray
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Circulation 113:2071-81. 2006..The role of the exogenous predictors in validity and comparability of cause-of-death statistics should be confirmed in carefully designed validation autopsy studies...
Has the DOTS strategy improved case finding or treatment success? An empirical assessmentZiad Obermeyer
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
PLoS ONE 3:e1721. 2008..We investigate the impact of the expansion of the DOTS strategy on tuberculosis case finding and treatment success, using only empirical data...
Rethinking the "diseases of affluence" paradigm: global patterns of nutritional risks in relation to economic developmentMajid Ezzati
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
PLoS Med 2:e133. 2005....
Assessing the burden of disease in the United States using disability-adjusted life yearsMatthew T McKenna
National Center for HIV STD TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
Am J Prev Med 28:415-23. 2005..Burden of disease studies have been implemented in many countries using the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to assess major health problems...
Access, utilization, quality, and effective coverage: an integrated conceptual framework and measurement strategyBakhuti Shengelia
World Health Organization, Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, Geneva 27, CH 1211, Switzerland
Soc Sci Med 61:97-109. 2005..We discuss measurement strategies and demonstrate the concept by means of a simple simulation model...
Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factorsGoodarz Danaei
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Lancet 366:1784-93. 2005..INTERPRETATION: Reduction of exposure to key behavioural and environmental risk factors would prevent a substantial proportion of deaths from cancer...
