Paul Muntner

..Results were consistent when pharmacy fill was used to define adherence. These data suggest that low antihypertensive medication adherence explains only a small proportion of VVV of SBP...

..Measurement of blood pressure in usual practice settings may be subject to substantial error, calling into question the value of VVV in real-world settings...

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..35), respectively (P=.566). No association with mortality was present after further adjustment and when modeling within-visit standard deviation of SBP as a continuous variable. Standard deviation of DBP was not associated with mortality...

..001); recalibrated and best-fit models produced a better model fit (P=0.064 and 0.245, respectively). In this multiethnic cohort of US adults, the FHS model was not substantially better than SBP alone for predicting hypertension...

..Reduced glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria are associated with an increased risk for stroke. Their association with stroke symptoms is not known...

..The incidence of ESRD is higher in African Americans than in whites, despite reports of a similar or lower prevalence of CKD...

..It has been suggested that reduced estimated GFR (eGFR) among older adults does not necessarily reflect a pathologic phenomenon...

..20 (1.04-1.39), 1.23 (0.94-1.60), and 1.59 (1.08-2.33), respectively (P<.001). Worse adherence was also associated with higher multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for each of the 6 stroke symptoms...

..The prevalence of albuminuria in the general population is high, but awareness of it is low. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate a self-assessment tool that allows individuals to estimate their probability of having albuminuria...

..733 (95% CI 0.650 to 0.852). In conclusion, adherence to daily medications before PCI may be a useful indicator for identifying patients who will have low clopidogrel adherence after PCI...

..Low adherence to antihypertensive medication is an important barrier to achieving blood pressure control. Few data are available for medication adherence in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..Self-report scales are used to assess medication adherence. Data on how to discriminate change in self-reported adherence over time from random variability are limited...

..g., hypertension) also increase the risk of renal disease. However, the importance of childhood risk factors on the development of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not well characterized...

..A low rate of blood pressure control has been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These data were derived from population-based samples with a low rate of CKD awareness...

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..In this population-based study of US adults, higher levels of short-term visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure were associated with increased all-cause mortality...

..Polypills, which include multiple medications for reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a single pill, have been proposed for population-wide use. The number of US adults eligible for polypills and potential benefits are unknown...

..The objective of this study was to examine the joint associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion with incident stroke in a large national cohort study...

..CHD risk factors in the general population remain predictive among patients with CKD. Given the high risk for CHD among patients with CKD, control of these risk factors may have a substantial impact on their excess burden of CHD...

..Despite the marked decrease in blood lead levels over the past 3 decades, environmental lead exposures remain a significant determinant of cardiovascular mortality in the general population, constituting a major public health problem...

..Few studies, however, have evaluated the association between biomarkers of iron metabolism and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The purpose of this study is to examine the association of ferritin and transferrin saturation with PAD...

..These results document the importance of high BP as a modifiable risk factor for ESRD in China. Strategies to prevent ESRD should incorporate the prevention, treatment, and control of BP...

..The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its relation with mortality among hospitalized patients...

..We sought to evaluate the association of HbA(1c) (A1C) with peripheral arterial disease in a representative sample of the U.S. population with and without diabetes...

..The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Asians has not been well established...

..The association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with CKD across the adult lifespan is not well established...

..Stroke symptoms are common among people without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack; however, it is unknown if particular attention should be focused on specific symptoms for subgroups of patients...

..It is not known whether geographic differences in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease exist and are associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence rates across the United States...

..3 million (4.1% of adults). In conclusion, most adults in China with an elevated LDL cholesterol remain untreated...

..Uncontrolled hypertension is the most common and important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. We studied factors associated with hypertension control in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey...

..20). The number of US myocardial infarction and stroke survivors increased between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002, and substantial improvements occurred in the awareness, treatment, and control of high LDL cholesterol in this population...

..In the current study, a small percentage of participants with aTRH had low adherence...

..The current study identified a set of risk factors for poor antihypertensive medication adherence in the urban setting...

..In conclusion, subjects with a low-normal ABI or with borderline PAD need screening for CVD risk factors, and interventions may be appropriate to prevent cardiovascular events...

..15, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.39). In conclusion, MS is associated with an increased prevalence of AF. Further studies investigating a potential mechanism for this excess risk are warranted...

..Few studies have assessed whether individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, but no physician diagnosis of stroke, have an increased prevalence of stroke symptoms...

..Few studies have compared different blood pressure (BP) indexes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk among individuals with chronic kidney disease...

..Evidence suggests that lifestyle modifications such as weight reduction, reduced dietary fat intake and cholesterol, and pharmacologic treatments may reduce the burden of MetS and thus the risk for CKD, albuminuria, and ESRD...

..These results indicate that better blood pressure control might prevent the onset of chronic kidney disease among hypertensives...

..Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China. We examined the levels of serum total and lipoprotein cholesterol and status of awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia in China...

..These findings suggest that both primary and secondary prevention and treatment contributed to the decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States...

..Kidney failure is known to cause anemia, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiac failure and mortality. The impact of milder decreases in kidney function on hemoglobin levels and anemia in the US population, however, is unknown...

..We undertook a meta-analysis to assess the independent and combined associations of eGFR and albuminuria with mortality...

..Less medication use for CVD prevention was not associated with HPSA status, but less statin use was associated with lack of insurance...

..A history of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke is more common among incident cases of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than in the general US population...

..46 [95% CI 0.24 to 0.90] for CVD mortality) than for subjects with no CKD and a prior MI. CONCLUSIONS: Stage 3 CKD confers CHD risk that is lower and not equivalent to a prior MI in this middle-aged, general, nondiabetic population...

..Few studies have examined the deleterious effect of illicit drug use on kidney function...

..Hemodialysis patients experience a high degree of psychosocial impairment...

..Public health prevention programs tailored to middle-aged and older adults are needed to eliminate ethnic disparities in incident hypertension...

..The prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents increased between 1988 and 2000. The change in blood pressure among children and adolescents over that time and the role of overweight is unknown...

..Declines in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1991 among US adults have been previously reported. More recent trends in blood lead levels and the association of lower blood lead levels with chronic disease have not been reported...

..26 (95% CI 1.69 to 6.28) for current smokers versus 0.83 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.35) for never smokers (p interaction=0.006). In conclusion, in the general United States adult population, inflammation is independently associated with PAD...

..We sought to determine trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol among U.S. adults...

..However, studies investigating this association have included participants with considerably higher levels of cadmium than those found in the general population...

..Among individuals without diabetes, elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but the literature is sparse regarding the prognostic importance of low HbA1c...

..The increasing number of treated ESRD cases in the United States is partly explained by the increase in diabetes prevalence and US population growth but only minimally by MI and stroke survival...

..Patients with end-stage renal disease reliant on maintenance hemodialysis therapy may be particularly susceptible to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after natural disasters...

..To determine which of five measures of adiposity maintains the strongest association with cardiovascular disease risk factors...

..It has been suggested that moderate reductions in estimated GFR (eGFR) among older adults may not reflect chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..This study sought to determine the association between predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and infection-related mortality...

..To examine the associations between alcohol intake and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH)...

..To calculate the prevalence of non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across diabetes status and for persons with and without the metabolic syndrome...

..To examine the effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure (BP)...

..Cross-sectional studies indicate metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for elevated serum uric acid. However, longitudinal data on this association are limited...

..The clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with morbid obesity and the exclusion from diagnostic imaging may affect those most in need of such procedures...

..Radiologic contrast media can cause acute renal failure, but whether their repeated use is associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unknown...

..g., 5-20 microg/g) were 1.55 (95% CI: 0.55, 4.41) and 1.88 (95% CI: 0.53, 6.68), respectively. These findings support the need for prospective cohort studies of body lead burden and renal disease progression...

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..We aimed to examine the association between common variants in the ENaC genes and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP)...

..The extended effect of Hurricane Katrina on antihypertensive medication adherence is not well characterized...

..Therefore, we assessed overall, work-related, and leisure-time physical activity in a representative sample of Chinese adults, aged 35 to 74 years, using data from the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia...

..High lead exposure is associated with hypertension and renal dysfunction but the effect of low-level environmental exposure is not as well studied...

..Chronic kidney disease and albuminuria are associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality...

..To examine factors related to blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions...

..59; 1.11, 2.27). These data identify potential methods for improving blood pressure control in China through the identification, follow-up, and lifestyle modification of persons with high blood pressure...

..Chronic kidney disease appears to increase the risk of developing AKI, while short- and long-term mortality risks were associated with the absolute increase in serum creatinine during hospitalization...

..56 billion (1.54-1.58 billion). INTERPRETATION: Hypertension is an important public-health challenge worldwide. Prevention, detection, treatment, and control of this condition should receive high priority...

..Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent in haemodialysis patients and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Though cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is accurate, it is not widely available...

..16 (95% CI: 1.05-4.43). These findings suggest that when preparing for future disasters more emphasis needs to be placed on patient awareness and early execution of emergency plans...

..Significant public health resources will have to be mobilized for intervention, screening, and case management of these children...

..To compare A1C and fasting glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes among U.S. adults...

..59 mmol/L]) for adults with coronary heart disease risk equivalents. Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk but is not included as a risk equivalent in these guidelines...

..Among obese adults, sodium intake has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Few data are available on sodium intake and albuminuria, a marker of kidney damage and risk factor for cardiovascular disease...

..Two hundred and twenty-eight patients seen in 1997 for continuity care in two academic clinics in New Orleans, Louisiana...

..This study indicates that, in a representative sample of the United States general population, renal insufficiency is independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease-related and all-cause mortality rates...

..The effect of these trends on the prevalence and number of stroke survivors in the United States has not been determined...

..The objective of the current study was to determine the reliability of the Hill-Bone Compliance Scale among elderly hypertensive patients...

..We conclude that JNC-VI refines cardiovascular risk and enfranchises more Americans to undertake more aggressive risk reduction maneuvers...

..The HCSE measure exhibited excellent internal consistency, external validity and repeatability after Hurricane Katrina...