S E McCann

..29 and 0.62. The CFFQ performs comparably to the HHHQ and HFFQ for some, but not all, nutrients; our results suggest that the HHHQ and HFFQ can be used interchangeably with reasonable confidence in studies of diet and disease...

..To assess the relative ability of principal components analysis (PCA)-derived dietary patterns to correctly identify cases and controls compared with other methods of characterising food intake...

..38-0.88), beta-carotene (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.46-0.98), and total fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42-0.92). Our findings suggest that a diet high in plant foods may be important in reducing risk of ovarian cancer...

..To assess the effect of different methods of classifying food use on principal components analysis (PCA)-derived dietary patterns, and the subsequent impact on estimation of cancer risk associated with the different patterns...

..Our aim in this study was to describe differences in dietary and lifestyle characteristics associated with alcoholic beverage preference in a population-based sample of healthy study participants...

..12, 95% CI 0.03-0.50). Our results suggest that CYP17 genotype may be important in modifying the effect on breast cancer risk of exogenous estrogens, particularly for premenopausal women...

..45, 95% CI, 0.22-0.92). These results support a protective effect on ovarian cancer of phytoestrogen intakes, and our results support the hypothesis that a plant-based diet may be important in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms...

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..Our results suggest that there are time periods of weight gain that have greater impact on risk, and that central body fat, receptor status and hormone replacement therapy may all affect the observed association...

..80; 95% CI, 1.03-3.28) compared with nondrinkers who were homozygote CC. Our findings indicate that among postmenopausal women, increased breast cancer risk with alcohol consumption may be as a result of effects on one-carbon metabolism...

..Inverse associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and lung cancer risk have been consistently reported. However, associations within smoking status subgroups have not been consistently addressed...

..33-0.79), folate (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.34-0.88), and total fruit and vegetable intake (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.34-0.77). Our findings suggest that a diet rich in plant-based nutrients may be important in reducing the risk of cervical cancer...

..40; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-1.01). Our findings suggest that, although CLA intake was not related to overall breast cancer risk, there may be associations with tumor biology at least among premenopausal women...

..Nevertheless, our results support the hypothesis that a phytochemical-rich, plant-based diet is of importance in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms...

..Associations between genotype and phenotype were modified by dietary factors, illustrating the biochemical complexity of studies of genetic polymorphisms and disease risk...

..Reduced rank regression (RRR) has been used to identify dietary patterns that predict variation in a selected risk factor and may be useful in describing dietary exposures associated with glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)...

..64; 95% CI=0.51-0.80). These results suggest that any chemoprotective effects of phytochemicals in coffee and tea may be overshadowed by the elevated risk associated with caffeine in these beverages...

..44-0.98). No association was observed between lignan intakes and postmenopausal breast cancer. Our results suggest that dietary lignans may be important in the etiology of breast cancer, particularly among premenopausal women...

..Global DNA hypomethylation may result in chromosomal instability and oncogene activation, and as a surrogate of systemic methylation activity, may be associated with breast cancer risk...

..93, respectively). These data suggest that cruciferous vegetables, when consumed raw, may reduce the risk of bladder cancer, an effect consistent with the role of dietary isothiocyanates as chemopreventive agents against bladder cancer...

..50-3.59). Increased risk was limited to estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Our findings suggest that CAT genotype modifies the effect of HRT use on breast cancer risk and that HRT may affect risk by affecting oxidative stress...

..In summary, our results suggest that higher lignan intakes may be associated with improved survival among postmenopausal women with breast cancer...

..05, CI = 0.95-4.43, P = 0.07). Consistent with previous studies, we found that mtDNA mutations are a frequent occurrence in breast tumors. An understanding of the etiology of mtDNA mutations may provide insight into breast carcinogenesis...

..There is increasing evidence that early life exposures, such as birth weight, infant feeding practices, birth rank and maternal age at delivery may play a role in breast carcinogenesis...

..Overall, we found no evidence that these common polymorphisms of the MTHFR and MTR genes are associated with promoter methylation of E-cadherin, p16, and RAR-beta2 genes in breast cancer...

..No significant effects of GST genotype on risk were observed in either menopausal group. These data indicate that cruciferous vegetables may play an important role in decreasing the risk of premenopausal breast cancer...

..Overall, results from the current study suggest that regular aspirin use may be associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer...

..Therefore, risk communicators may need to modify the current strategy of informing anglers and their families about sport fish consumption recommendations...

..However, risk seemed to differ by histology, suggesting that seminoma, nonseminoma, and mixed germ cell TC may have different etiologies. We suggest that future investigations should continue to stratify cases by histology...

..Since an increased RBC distribution width (RDW) has been associated with nutritional deficiencies, we postulated that RDW has an inverse relation to pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis...

..92, P for trend = 0.05), chance cannot be ruled out as an explanation. We found no evidence of risk related to lifetime alcohol consumption nor evidence that alcohol dehydrogenase genotype modifies risk related to alcohol and lung cancer...

..For premenopausal women, alcohol consumption in the past was associated with p53 mutations...

..05). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that an imbalance in antioxidant/oxidant status is associated with chronic airflow limitation, and that dietary habits and/or oxidative stress play contributing roles...

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..Our aim was to determine whether a history of having been breastfed as an infant is a determinant of adult pulmonary function...

..The metabonomic approach deserves further evaluation as a potential novel strategy for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer...

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..89; Leu/Val, 1.32; and Val/Val, 1.51; P = 0.04, Kruskal-Wallis). Our findings suggest that variation in hormone-related genes may modify the effect of dietary lignan exposures on estrogen metabolism...

..Our findings support a protective effect of coffee intake on premenopausal, but not postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings...

..We analyzed the relation of beverage-specific alcohol intake with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in a random sample of 1555 residents of Western New York, USA...

..39-0.94), beta-carotene (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37-0.82), lutein (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.78), and folate (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.91). Our results support that vegetables and related nutrients are associated with decreased risk of EC...

..48, 95% CI 1.05-5.85), wine (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.05-5.09), and beef (OR 4.78, 95% CI 1.35-16.94). Our findings support a role of diet in adult AML; however, further research is needed to explore gender differences in risk...

..Due to the potent antiproliferative effects of dietary isothiocyanates on bladder cancer in in vitro and in vivo models, cruciferous vegetable intake may also play a role in survival among patients with bladder cancer...

..In light of the fact that obesity is a modifiable risk factor, further investigation on this topic is warranted...

..This study provided evidence that the results of osteoporosis DXA screening influence postmenopausal women's decisions to increase calcium intake...

..56, 95% CI 0.35-0.90) and a significant inverse association with >4 cups/d combined coffee and tea consumption (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.80). These findings suggest coffee and tea may be important in reducing endometrial cancer risk...

..Although this study only used breast tumor samples, and may be applicable only to breast cancer studies, we expect the results to be applicable to other types of cancers also...