Gertraud Maskarinec

..Soy consumption may protect against breast cancer through modification of estrogen metabolism...

..g., the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE(1)) and 16α-OHE(1) may influence breast cancer risk. This study examined the association of urinary estrogen metabolites with breast density in premenopausal women...

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..On the basis of hypothesized protective effect, we examined the effect of soy foods on estrogens in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and serum, possible indicators of breast cancer risk...

..Based on the importance of breast density as a predictor of breast cancer risk, we examined the heritable component of breast measures in mothers and daughters using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)...

..Based on this analysis, the influence of circulating levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and prolactin on percent density appears to be very small...

..63) mortality. Our findings are consistent with the literature that maintaining moderate weight throughout adult life may be beneficial for breast cancer survival in women and this appears to hold for all ethnic groups...

..Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among breast cancer survivors, but little is known about its impact on survival...

..The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with self-reported diabetes by ethnicity...

..To compare the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases between adult cancer survivors and persons with no history of cancer...

..These findings suggest that a diet rich in soy foods and low in meats may be related to lower IGF-I levels, but it is unclear whether soy or other characteristics of diet and lifestyle are responsible for this association...

..03). The lack of significant results in men and women indicates a limited role of diet in NHL etiology, but dietary patterns might have ethnic- and subgroup-specific effects on NHL...

..Given the large number of SNPs tested and the few borderline significant results, we only found weak evidence that genetic variations in IGFBP1 or IGFBP3 may be related to mammographic density. Ethnicity may modify these relations...

..Using the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), we estimated diabetes incidence among Caucasians, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiians...

..This study investigated changes in risk factors in Hawaii over 20 years and compared health behaviors among ethnic groups with well-documented differences in disease risk...

..To estimate the population-attributable risk (PAR) associated with modifiable risk factors for diabetes among Caucasians, Native Hawaiians, and Japanese Americans in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort...

..Our results indicate potential influences of obesity on serum levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients and suggest that metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids may contribute to the differences observed...

..The results of this investigation provide some assurance that soy intake does not adversely affect markers of proliferation. TMAs were shown to be a useful tool for epidemiologic research...

..Adding soya foods to the diet of premenopausal women does not appear to lower serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3; if anything, the greater protein intake from soya may lead to a small increase in IGF-1 serum levels...

..13) and nonproducers (P = 0.23). These findings suggest a beneficial influence of soy foods on estrogen metabolism regardless of equol producer status...

..To examine the trends in the prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast cancer incidence trends and to explore whether the changes in risk factors differed by ethnicity in Hawaii over a 25-year period...

..Risk factors that influence the decline in mammographic densities over time may be important for breast cancer prevention because cumulative percent densities may reflect the age-related increase in breast cancer risk...

..The association of alcohol and fibre intake with breast cancer may be mediated by circulating sex hormone levels, which are predictors of breast cancer risk...

..These data provide support for a protective role of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables in the etiology of NHL...

..Our findings indicate little, if any, modification by BMI of the effects of breast density on breast cancer risk...

..The goal of this trial among premenopausal women was to examine the effect of soy foods on menstrual cycle length and circulating sex hormone levels...

..After 2 y of intervention, we observed no significant differences in mammographic densities by intervention status, but it appears that soy consumption throughout life may have some effect on breast density...

..High dietary intake of vitamin D did not show a protective effect against NHL within the MEC except among African Americans, possibly because vitamin D production due to sun exposure is limited in this population...

..This cross-sectional analysis examined the relation between mammographic density and the CYP1A2*1F and COMT Val58 Met polymorphisms among 332 breast cancer cases and 254 controls in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort...

..Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Our objective was to examine its association with polymorphisms identifying breast cancer susceptibility loci that were ascertained in recent genome-wide association studies...

..005) than in men (0.92 [0.83-1.02], P(trend) = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Foods high in meat and fat appear to confer a higher diabetes risk in all ethnic groups, whereas the effects of other dietary patterns vary by sex and ethnicity...

..37 versus 1.76; P = 0.002). These data suggest that CYP1A2*1F is associated with lower circulating levels of E2, and that it may be a susceptibility locus for breast cancer...

..Because the risk estimates appeared higher for Caucasians and Native Hawaiians than for Japanese women, ethnicity-specific models may be necessary to predict risk from breast density in different ethnic groups...

..However, little research has been done on mammographic density and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, which is thought to be a precursor lesion to some invasive breast cancers...

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..We examined breast density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to pubertal maturation and body fatness among girls of several ethnic groups, which may suggest important risk factors for future breast cancer...

..Because hysterectomy prevalence varies by ethnicity, the secondary objective was to examine whether inclusion of women with hysterectomies affects the estimates of breast cancer risk by ethnicity...

..Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss...

..Therefore, we evaluated the association between physical activity and diabetes and potential effect modification by ethnicity in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort...

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..05 and p = 0.02) and in serum, alcohol intake was associated with higher E(1)S levels (p = 0.02). These findings suggest a weak influence of dietary composition on NAF production and estrogen levels in serum and NAF...

..Alterations in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system have been proposed as a metabolic link between nutritional factors and cancer risk...

..64) and with adiponectin (β=-0.95 versus β=-0.75) than Caucasians. Compared to Caucasians of similar BMI, Asians may experience a higher chronic disease risk due to lower levels of adiponectin despite their lower levels of leptin...

..These findings suggest that protection against diabetes can be achieved through food choices after taking into account body weight, but, due to differences in commonly consumed foods, risk estimates may differ by ethnic group...

..In contrast, the findings suggest the possibility that the inverse association of BMI with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is mediated by adipocytokines...

..Further prospective studies examining the role of adipokines and inflammatory processes in the etiology of postmenopausal breast cancer are warranted. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 188-95. ©2013 AACR...

..We examined the hypothesis that improved cancer screening across all ethnic groups will reduce ethnic differences in colorectal cancer survival...

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..This analysis compared cancer incidence trends among Japanese in Japan, and Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii, between 1960 and 1997, and estimated the impact of migration on the incidence of different cancers...

..To describe trends in BMI among different ethnic groups in Hawaii and to explore the relation of nutrient and food intake with excess weight...

..This comparison of mammographic densities suggests that, on a group level, age-adjusted dense areas may reflect breast cancer incidence better than percent densities...

..The influence of diet on mammographic densities, however, appears to be fairly small. Analyses of both dietary patterns and single dietary factors seem equally informative in examining dietary associations with percentage density...

..The larger difference in some subgroups suggests that women with certain characteristics may be more susceptible to the influence of alcohol on breast density than others...

..We examined the association of prediagnostic inflammatory markers and adipokines with NHL risk...

..This study found duration of current other NSAID use to be protective against breast cancer risk...

..The goal of this project was to investigate the trends and predictors of cigarette smoking among a population of Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Native Hawaiians...

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..Our data suggest lower mammographic density for women carrying the COMT and CYP1A2 variant alleles than for women carrying the common alleles, though this is the opposite of what is commonly hypothesized from the enzyme function...

..Composition of dietary fatty acid intake, which influences cytokine production, may contribute to the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Serum lipid levels may serve as biomarkers of inflammation associated with NHL risk...

..We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate adiposity measures among adult women and their adolescent daughters, who were of predominantly Japanese and white ethnicity...

..We conducted this study to test for ethnic differences in treatment compliance with established guidelines while adjusting for stage at diagnosis and other disease characteristics...

..This study illustrates several problems related to dietary comparisons across populations and provides information for future investigations on chronic disease risk...

..It is unclear whether mammographic breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer, predicts subtypes of breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) expression...

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..In this randomized 2-y trial, isoflavone supplements did not modify breast density in postmenopausal women. These findings offer reassurance that isoflavones do not act like hormone replacement medication on breast density...

..These data suggest that, in combination with meat intake, some proportion of the international variability in CRC incidence may be attributable to genetic susceptibility to heterocyclic amines, as determined by NAT2 genotype...

..No intervention effect of soya foods on markers of inflammation was observed in this small study, but adiposity and early-life soya intake were related to higher leptin and MCP-1 levels...

..Experimental studies need to be performed to study the effect, if any, of NSAID use on breast density...

..Soy foods and isoflavone supplements within a nutritional range do not appear to modify breast cancer risk as assessed by mammographic density...

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..For medical practice, these findings indicate the need for healthcare providers to assist cancer patients to obtain accurate health information in a culturally sensitive way...

..50 for diet; P-interaction = 0.21 for diet with time). Contrary to an earlier report, soy foods in amounts consumed by Asians did not increase breast tissue activity as assessed by NAF volume...

..Overall, this report found no indication of higher mortality or cancer incidence among children born during the heptachlor contamination period...

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..Future studies should also consider the maturity and sense of responsibility of participants to achieve compliance...

..Therefore, recommendations favouring fermented soya foods are not justified as long as the intestinal microflora is capable of hydrolysing the isoflavone glucosides from non-fermented soya foods...

..We explored the association of mammographic density, a breast cancer risk factor, with hormonal and proliferation markers in benign tissue from tumor blocks of pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer cases...

..These findings show that isoflavonoids are present in breast fluid and may act directly on breast tissue...

..These findings indicate that weight at age 21 may represent lifetime adiposity better than body weight at cohort entry. Alternatively, weight at age 21 may be more relevant for the etiology of NHL...

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..To evaluate adherence to a soy-based diet among premenopausal women...

..However, isoflavones alone may have different effects on the reproductive cycle than isoflavones present in soy foods...

..Therefore, when comparing ethnic groups with distinct physical proportions, the absolute size of the dense areas appears to be a better measure of breast cancer risk than the relative density...

..Future studies that incorporate additional risk factors, such as obesity, need to examine the role of mammographic density in larger patient populations before including breast density in treatment decision models...

..While use of mammography is limited, due to concerns related to radiation exposure, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), commonly available in medical care settings, is characterized by low radiation exposure...

..In contrast, orbitrap-based LCMS can detect more estrogens, is faster, less costly, allows post-data acquisition reinterrogation of certain analytes that had not been targeted a priori, and requires much less urine...

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