Gertraud Maskarinec

..Soy foods and isoflavone supplements within a nutritional range do not appear to modify breast cancer risk as assessed by mammographic density...

..The purpose of this report was to classify mammograms according to four methods and to examine their agreement and their relationship to selected risk factors for breast cancer...

..However, little research has been done on mammographic density and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, which is thought to be a precursor lesion to some invasive breast cancers...

..We examined the hypothesis that improved cancer screening across all ethnic groups will reduce ethnic differences in colorectal cancer survival...

..We explored the association of mammographic density, a breast cancer risk factor, with hormonal and proliferation markers in benign tissue from tumor blocks of pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer cases...

..This cross-sectional analysis examined the relation between mammographic density and the CYP1A2*1F and COMT Val58 Met polymorphisms among 332 breast cancer cases and 254 controls in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort...

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..Based on this analysis, the influence of circulating levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and prolactin on percent density appears to be very small...

..The association of alcohol and fibre intake with breast cancer may be mediated by circulating sex hormone levels, which are predictors of breast cancer risk...

..This comparison of mammographic densities suggests that, on a group level, age-adjusted dense areas may reflect breast cancer incidence better than percent densities...

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..The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized, crossover soy trial among men and to investigate the effects of daily soy intake on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone levels...

..To examine the trends in the prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast cancer incidence trends and to explore whether the changes in risk factors differed by ethnicity in Hawaii over a 25-year period...

..To describe trends in BMI among different ethnic groups in Hawaii and to explore the relation of nutrient and food intake with excess weight...

..Risk factors that influence the decline in mammographic densities over time may be important for breast cancer prevention because cumulative percent densities may reflect the age-related increase in breast cancer risk...

..Overall, this report found no indication of higher mortality or cancer incidence among children born during the heptachlor contamination period...

..The larger difference in some subgroups suggests that women with certain characteristics may be more susceptible to the influence of alcohol on breast density than others...

..Adding soya foods to the diet of premenopausal women does not appear to lower serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3; if anything, the greater protein intake from soya may lead to a small increase in IGF-1 serum levels...

..Experimental studies need to be performed to study the effect, if any, of NSAID use on breast density...

..This study investigated changes in risk factors in Hawaii over 20 years and compared health behaviors among ethnic groups with well-documented differences in disease risk...

..While use of mammography is limited, due to concerns related to radiation exposure, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), commonly available in medical care settings, is characterized by low radiation exposure...

..Future studies that incorporate additional risk factors, such as obesity, need to examine the role of mammographic density in larger patient populations before including breast density in treatment decision models...

..In contrast, the findings suggest the possibility that the inverse association of BMI with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is mediated by adipocytokines...

..The results of this investigation provide some assurance that soy intake does not adversely affect markers of proliferation. TMAs were shown to be a useful tool for epidemiologic research...

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..Epidemiologic evidence supports a role of soy foods in breast cancer etiology. Because chronic inflammation appears to be a critical component in carcinogenesis, we examined the potential anti-inflammatory effects of soy foods...

..The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with self-reported diabetes by ethnicity...

..In this randomized 2-y trial, isoflavone supplements did not modify breast density in postmenopausal women. These findings offer reassurance that isoflavones do not act like hormone replacement medication on breast density...

..Using the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), we estimated diabetes incidence among Caucasians, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiians...

..No intervention effect of soya foods on markers of inflammation was observed in this small study, but adiposity and early-life soya intake were related to higher leptin and MCP-1 levels...

..Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss...

..Therefore, recommendations favouring fermented soya foods are not justified as long as the intestinal microflora is capable of hydrolysing the isoflavone glucosides from non-fermented soya foods...

..These findings indicate that weight at age 21 may represent lifetime adiposity better than body weight at cohort entry. Alternatively, weight at age 21 may be more relevant for the etiology of NHL...

..50 for diet; P-interaction = 0.21 for diet with time). Contrary to an earlier report, soy foods in amounts consumed by Asians did not increase breast tissue activity as assessed by NAF volume...

..These findings show that isoflavonoids are present in breast fluid and may act directly on breast tissue...

..Because the risk estimates appeared higher for Caucasians and Native Hawaiians than for Japanese women, ethnicity-specific models may be necessary to predict risk from breast density in different ethnic groups...

..These results suggest that motivated women can substantially increase their fruit and vegetable intake, which leads to a notable increase in plasma carotenoid levels...

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..To evaluate adherence to a soy-based diet among premenopausal women...

..Although this exploratory study had limited power, it appears that isoflavones do not exert an estrogenic effect similar to hormone replacement therapy on mammographic density...

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..This analysis compared cancer incidence trends among Japanese in Japan, and Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii, between 1960 and 1997, and estimated the impact of migration on the incidence of different cancers...

..Therefore, when comparing ethnic groups with distinct physical proportions, the absolute size of the dense areas appears to be a better measure of breast cancer risk than the relative density...

..The purpose of this study was to use insurance claims and tumor registry data to examine determinants of breast conserving surgery (BCS) in women with early stage breast cancer...

..However, isoflavones alone may have different effects on the reproductive cycle than isoflavones present in soy foods...

..Increasing communication with health care providers may prevent the use of extreme diets, unproven and possibly harmful supplements and reduce exaggerated hopes related to the benefits of a particular dietary regimen...

..The purpose of this project was to explore the hypothesis that women from ethnic groups at high breast cancer risk are more likely to have high levels of densities than women from low breast cancer risk groups...

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..Given the ethnically diverse population in Hawaii, we hypothesized that CAM use may be related to the ancestry and the cultural heritage of cancer patients...

..The study results support the ideas that choosing the right foods may be important in weight control and that food-based dietary patterns may be useful in dietary counseling...

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..The goal of this project was to investigate the trends and predictors of cigarette smoking among a population of Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Native Hawaiians...

..047, respectively). Similar differences were observed after stratification by breast development and menarcheal status. The association of sex steroid levels with pubertal development supports the validity of the sex steroid measurements...

..After 2 y of intervention, we observed no significant differences in mammographic densities by intervention status, but it appears that soy consumption throughout life may have some effect on breast density...

..To investigate the compliance of young girls with a soy intervention...

..The goal of this trial among premenopausal women was to examine the effect of soy foods on menstrual cycle length and circulating sex hormone levels...

..Alterations in the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system have been proposed as a metabolic link between nutritional factors and cancer risk...

..63) mortality. Our findings are consistent with the literature that maintaining moderate weight throughout adult life may be beneficial for breast cancer survival in women and this appears to hold for all ethnic groups...

..These findings suggest that a diet rich in soy foods and low in meats may be related to lower IGF-I levels, but it is unclear whether soy or other characteristics of diet and lifestyle are responsible for this association...

..03). The lack of significant results in men and women indicates a limited role of diet in NHL etiology, but dietary patterns might have ethnic- and subgroup-specific effects on NHL...

..To compare the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases between adult cancer survivors and persons with no history of cancer...

..Given the large number of SNPs tested and the few borderline significant results, we only found weak evidence that genetic variations in IGFBP1 or IGFBP3 may be related to mammographic density. Ethnicity may modify these relations...

..g., the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE(1)) and 16α-OHE(1) may influence breast cancer risk. This study examined the association of urinary estrogen metabolites with breast density in premenopausal women...

..Our results indicate potential influences of obesity on serum levels of lipid-soluble micronutrients and suggest that metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids may contribute to the differences observed...

..This study illustrates several problems related to dietary comparisons across populations and provides information for future investigations on chronic disease risk...

..On the basis of hypothesized protective effect, we examined the effect of soy foods on estrogens in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and serum, possible indicators of breast cancer risk...

..Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Our objective was to examine its association with polymorphisms identifying breast cancer susceptibility loci that were ascertained in recent genome-wide association studies...

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..For medical practice, these findings indicate the need for healthcare providers to assist cancer patients to obtain accurate health information in a culturally sensitive way...

..Our data suggest lower mammographic density for women carrying the COMT and CYP1A2 variant alleles than for women carrying the common alleles, though this is the opposite of what is commonly hypothesized from the enzyme function...

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..This study also explored whether social influence, psychosocial and cultural factors are associated with cigarette use in this sample...

..005) than in men (0.92 [0.83-1.02], P(trend) = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Foods high in meat and fat appear to confer a higher diabetes risk in all ethnic groups, whereas the effects of other dietary patterns vary by sex and ethnicity...

..To evaluate the associations of body composition, including percentage of lean and fat mass, with the percentage of mammographic density and mammographic dense area among pre- and postmenopausal Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women...

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..This article describes an innovative tobacco prevention trial, and reports baseline characteristics of participants and findings about implementation of the curriculum...

..Based on the importance of breast density as a predictor of breast cancer risk, we examined the heritable component of breast measures in mothers and daughters using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)...

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..64) and with adiponectin (β=-0.95 versus β=-0.75) than Caucasians. Compared to Caucasians of similar BMI, Asians may experience a higher chronic disease risk due to lower levels of adiponectin despite their lower levels of leptin...

..These data suggest that, in combination with meat intake, some proportion of the international variability in CRC incidence may be attributable to genetic susceptibility to heterocyclic amines, as determined by NAT2 genotype...

..Future studies should also consider the maturity and sense of responsibility of participants to achieve compliance...

..We examined breast density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in relation to pubertal maturation and body fatness among girls of several ethnic groups, which may suggest important risk factors for future breast cancer...

..High dietary intake of vitamin D did not show a protective effect against NHL within the MEC except among African Americans, possibly because vitamin D production due to sun exposure is limited in this population...

..In contrast, orbitrap-based LCMS can detect more estrogens, is faster, less costly, allows post-data acquisition reinterrogation of certain analytes that had not been targeted a priori, and requires much less urine...

..We conducted this study to test for ethnic differences in treatment compliance with established guidelines while adjusting for stage at diagnosis and other disease characteristics...

..This study found duration of current other NSAID use to be protective against breast cancer risk...

..Because hysterectomy prevalence varies by ethnicity, the secondary objective was to examine whether inclusion of women with hysterectomies affects the estimates of breast cancer risk by ethnicity...

..These findings suggest that protection against diabetes can be achieved through food choices after taking into account body weight, but, due to differences in commonly consumed foods, risk estimates may differ by ethnic group...

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..The influence of diet on mammographic densities, however, appears to be fairly small. Analyses of both dietary patterns and single dietary factors seem equally informative in examining dietary associations with percentage density...

..37 versus 1.76; P = 0.002). These data suggest that CYP1A2*1F is associated with lower circulating levels of E2, and that it may be a susceptibility locus for breast cancer...

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..Instead, multiple ideas woven together led patients toward CAM use. An understanding of patients' thought processes may aid health care professionals in initiating a dialogue about decision making and potential side effects...

..Such beliefs can affect issues of control, spiritual well-being, coping, depression, decision-making, and possibly health outcomes in cancer patients. Therefore, they should be addressed by clinicians in discussions with their patients...

..There is limited information about correlates of tobacco use among adolescents from ethnic minority groups, especially Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Native Hawaiians...

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..The NAF approach is the only way to learn more about the beneficial and adverse effects of soy directly in the female breast without applying invasive procedures to women without breast disease or surgery. ..

..A better understanding of dietary and behavioral factors related to excess body weight and diabetes in Japanese and Native Hawaiians will help in developing preventive strategies to modify lifestyle factors. ..

..The statistical analysis will apply general linear models to compare the levels of inflammatory markers by soy intake, while taking into account the repeated measurement design. ..

..The NAF approach is the only way to learn more about the beneficial and adverse effects of soy directly in the female breast without applying invasive procedures to women without breast disease or surgery. ..

..This training environment, together with the proposed Program plan, provides an ideal opportunity for quality career development for cancer control scientists in the twenty-first century. ..

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..The statistical analysis will include mixed models to explore the relation between hormone levels and breast density while controlling for confounders and for clustering by study location. ..

..The NAF approach is the only way to learn more about the beneficial and adverse effects of soy directly in the female breast without applying invasive procedures to women without breast disease or surgery. ..