E M Martin

..Additional studies are needed to address directly the possibility of sex differences in HAND and the possibility that women might be more vulnerable to the effects of HIV and substance dependence on some neurocognitive functions...

..Implications of these findings for future basic and applied studies of HIV and substance dependence are discussed...

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..Reaction time tasks should be investigated further as potential outcome measures in clinical trials, particularly for subjects with few or no overt cognitive deficits...

..These preliminary data provide new and unique findings regarding the components of executive function mediated by prefrontal cortical systems that are impaired among HIV+ SDIs and their relevance to "real-world" behaviors...

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..These preliminary data also indicate that working memory function should be studied further in HIV-seropositive subjects...

..Bethanechol does not appear to ameliorate the dementia of AD, but may exert a mildly positive effect on patient behavior and mood...

..Loss of context is involved in some, but not all, thought disorder in schizophrenia and mania...

..Similarly, these results suggest that differences in PL performance does not account for the decision-making deficits or variability in performances observed on the IGT among HIV+ individuals with a history of substance dependence...

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..Results indicate that the presence of psychopathy may exacerbate decision-making deficits in heroin addicts...

..Our findings indicate that continued risk behavior among HIV+ drug users may be driven by sensation seeking (a personality trait common among drug users); however, the impact of executive functions is less clear...

..These preliminary findings suggest that self-reported drug of choice on admission to treatment may be associated with different patterns of executive performance during early recovery...

..Results suggest that a subclinical form of antisociality may have a paradoxically facilitating effect on decision-making and cognitive impulsivity among SDIs...

..These findings are consistent with HIV--associated deficits in complex motor skills, but not in procedural learning...

..HIV-associated WM defects are not critically dependent on the amount of time stimulus representations must be maintained and might be attributed to impaired encoding or retrieval of stimulus representations...

..We evaluated neurocognitive effects of a 1-4 week course (mean 3 weeks) of rTMS using an aggressive set of parameters, in 15 severely depressed subjects...

..96, p < .001); however, the magnitude of this association diminished in faster stimulus presentation trials, particularly among participants with impaired working memory abilities...

..The telephone log method may provide a useful way of generating enough observations for single subject analyses without overburdening the patient with repeated testing...

..Executive function deficits appear to be a core component of schizophrenia rather than an effect of acute psychotic disorganization, and are associated with long-term outcome...

..01). The more severely psychotic patients, regardless of diagnosis, are least likely to be working effectively; however, the debilitating effect of psychosis on work adjustment is most evident for schizophrenia patients...

..These results demonstrate altered neural complexity in HIV+ adults with depressive symptoms and support the notion that depression is multifactorial with different morphological alterations contributing to discrete aspects of depression...

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..M. Martin et al., 2003). The authors suggest that the prefrontal cortex hosts multiple distinct mechanisms of decision making and inhibitory control and that ISDs may be affected in any one or combination of them...

..This study emphasizes the critical association of antiretroviral therapy with the risk of neurocognitive impairment in women living with HIV/AIDS...

..To evaluate the neurocognitive function in 220 women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a study of disease progression in women living with HIV/AIDS and in HIV-negative controls...

..of HIV-1 infection; the practical implications of how cognitive impairment associated with HIV influences behavior, and recent attempts to bridge the gap on how specific cognitive impairment can influence risk behavior ..

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