K L Margolis

..We examined the effect of oestrogen plus progestin on diabetes incidence and insulin resistance...

..Physical activity has been found to be associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women in the majority of epidemiologic studies, but the association is inconsistent in premenopausal women...

..Our objective was to describe the relation between the baseline white blood cell (WBC) count and future CVD events and mortality in postmenopausal women...

..Blood pressure (BP) is controlled to recommended goal in less than one-third of people with hypertension. There has been little recent research on physician beliefs and practices with regard to the treatment of hypertension...

..Women are more likely to receive breast and cervical cancer screening if they see female physicians. We studied whether this is due to differences between male and female physicians, or to differences in their patients...

..The effect was strongest in women in greatest need of screening...

..Thus, the majority of women expressed preferences for physicians of different specialties to provide their medical care...

..The immune system and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Prospective studies linking biomarkers of inflammation with cancer incidence and mortality have been inconclusive...

..Identifying elderly drivers who are at risk for automobile crashes may help direct interventions to reduce their high rate of injuries and deaths...

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..7% in the special intervention group (p = .13). We conclude that mailed reminders modestly improve mammography appointment keeping by about 5%, and that nurse counseling has little additional effect...

..To assess attitudes of physicians, clinic administrators, and patients within a health maintenance organization (HMO) toward using financial incentives to improve the control of hypertension...

..01 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.06.) In postmenopausal women, calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce either blood pressure or the risk of developing hypertension over 7 years of follow-up...

..Long waiting intervals to obtain mammography appointments may decrease compliance...

..To determine the risk for incident myocardial infarction (MI) in women exposed to modern formulations of oral contraceptives (OCs)...

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..Therefore, we studied whether self-report of prevalent and incident diabetes in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants was concordant with other diagnostic evidence of diabetes...

..13 (95% CI, 0.57-2.25; P=.73). Controlling for other pre-entry antihypertensives yielded similar results. There was no significant evidence that pre-entry drug type explained observed hospitalized HF differences by ALLHAT treatment...

..To assess the association between potential risk factors and subsequent clinically important abdominal aortic aneurysm events (repairs and ruptures) in women...

..To describe a new survey tool for assessing medical group capability to improve care and to test the relationship between survey scores and other factors among 41 medical groups...

..No previous statin trial has reported results separately in blacks...

..The hypothesis that a low-fat dietary pattern can reduce breast cancer risk has existed for decades but has never been tested in a controlled intervention trial...

..We examined the relationship between estrogen therapy and coronary-artery calcium in the context of a randomized clinical trial...

..To examine the relationship between baseline hypertension, blood pressure, and the development of cognitive decline in participants in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)...

..It has been suggested that hormone therapy may help counter undesirable changes in body composition in older women...

..We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of drug-treated diabetes in postmenopausal women...

..An association between female hormones and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and may be modified by obesity is suggested but not proven. Factors affecting GERD progression, however, are largely unknown...

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..This study was undertaken to assess the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on incidence of treated diabetes among generally healthy postmenopausal women...

..It is likely that the majority of people with hypertension could achieve a blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg with the antihypertensive medications available today...

..Lifetime weight gain is also a strong predictor of breast cancer. Waist to hip ratio, a measure of weight distribution, does not appear to be related to postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..To determine whether older women with diabetes have an increased risk of falls and whether known risk factors for falls account for any increased risk...

..The timing of initiation of hormone therapy may influence its effect on cardiovascular disease...

..In the context of the inconsistent scientific literature, our findings probably reflect that physical activity is not causally related with ovarian cancer...

..However, randomized-trial evidence that calcium with vitamin D supplementation is beneficial in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer is lacking...

..Some but not all studies have shown higher rates of fracture in individuals with type 2 diabetes...

..To assess the extent to which prior hormone therapy modifies the breast cancer risk found with estrogen plus progestin (E+P) in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial...

..The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal...

..9 mmol/L) is modestly greater, but there is no conclusive or consistent evidence that this diuretic-associated increase in DM risk increases the risk of clinical events...

..Multiple epidemiologic studies and some trials have linked diet with cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but long-term intervention data are needed...

..Observational studies and polyp recurrence trials are not conclusive regarding the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on risk of colorectal cancer, necessitating a primary prevention trial...

..Preliminary results suggesting possible reduction in breast cancers warranted more detailed analysis...

..The effect of estrogen-alone therapy, also evaluated in WHIMS, on cognition has not been established for this population...

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..Now we examine whether the treatment affected self-reported physical functioning and objective measures of physical functioning...

..S. postmenopausal women, implicating an etiological role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes...

..However, women with favorable lipid levels, especially LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio <2.5, did not have increased risk of coronary heart disease with CEE with or without MPA irrespective of hs-CRP...

..They closely approximate a nearly full version of the Framingham Criteria but require many fewer variables and can facilitate epidemiologic case-finding for heart failure...

..Few cardiovascular outcome data are available for blacks with hypertension treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or calcium channel blockers (CCBs)...

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..Furthermore, they indicate that weight cycling is independently associated with further increased risk of this malignancy...

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..Obesity in the United States has increased significantly during the past several decades. The role of calcium in the maintenance of a healthy body weight remains controversial...

..Prehypertension is common and is associated with increased vascular mortality. The extent to which it increases risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive heart failure is less clear...

..Described herein are vanguard and main trial recruitment activities, including strategy implementation, screening procedures, randomization results, problems encountered, and lessons learned...

..abstract_text> ..

..The results of the study will help determine whether self-reported diabetes can be used for other analyses of the WHI data, and for post- menopausal women in other studies. ..