Research Topics
| JOHN C contact LONGHURSTSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
| Collaborators
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Detail Information
Publications
Point specificity in acupunctureEmma M Choi
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine CA 92697 4075, USA
Chin Med 7:4. 2012..Further research is needed to elucidate the point-specific actions of acupuncture...
Cardiac sympathetic afferent activation provoked by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Mechanisms and reflexesJ C Longhurst
Department of Medicine, Medical Sciences 1, C240, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 940:74-95. 2001..Thus, stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during ischemia and reperfusion and the resulting reflex events form a multifactorial process resulting from activation of a number of chemical pathways in the myocardium...
Defining meridians: a modern basis of understandingJohn C Longhurst
Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Pharmacology and Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
J Acupunct Meridian Stud 3:67-74. 2010..The meridian maps and associated acupoints located along them are best viewed as road maps that can guide practitioners towards applying acupuncture to achieve optimal clinical results...- Exercise in hypoxic environments: the mechanism remains elusiveJohn Longhurst
College of Medicine, Med Sci I, Room C240, Irvine, CA 92697-4075, USA
J Physiol 550:335. 2003 - Serotonergic projection from nucleus raphe pallidus to rostral ventrolateral medulla modulates cardiovascular reflex responses during acupunctureAli Moazzami
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical Science 1 C240, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
J Appl Physiol 108:1336-46. 2010..Thus activation of the NRP, through a mechanism involving serotonergic neurons and 5-HT1A receptors in the rVLM during somatic stimulation with EA, attenuates sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflexes... - Spinal nociceptin mediates electroacupuncture-related modulation of visceral sympathoexcitatory reflex responses in ratsWei Zhou
Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297:H859-65. 2009..These results suggest that nociceptin in the spinal cord mediates part of the EA-related modulation of visceral reflex responses... - Nociceptin in rVLM mediates electroacupuncture inhibition of cardiovascular reflex excitatory response in ratsMelissa M Crisostomo
Medical Science 1, C240, College of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
J Appl Physiol 98:2056-63. 2005..Thus, in addition to the classical opioid system, nociceptin, through opioid receptor-like-1 receptor stimulation in the rVLM, participates in the modulatory influence of EA on reflex-induced increases in blood pressure... - Nucleus raphe pallidus participates in midbrain-medullary cardiovascular sympathoinhibition during electroacupuncturePeng Li
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299:R1369-76. 2010..These results indicate that EA activates the vlPAG, which excites the NRP to, in turn, inhibit rVLM presympathetic neurons and reflex cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory responses... - Undiscovered role of endogenous thromboxane A2 in activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during ischaemiaLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
J Physiol 586:3287-300. 2008.... - Responses of opioid and serotonin containing medullary raphe neurons to electroacupunctureZhi Ling Guo
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Brain Res 1229:125-36. 2008..These results suggest that the medullary raphe nuclei, particularly the NRP, process somatic signals during EA and participate in EA-related modulation of cardiovascular function through an opioid or serotonergic mechanism... - Myocardial ischemia-mediated excitatory reflexes: a new function for thromboxane A2?Liang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Mediicne, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295:H2530-40. 2008..These data indicate that endogenous TxA2 participates in myocardial ischemia-mediated sympathoexcitatory reflex responses through a TP receptor mechanism... - Long-loop pathways in cardiovascular electroacupuncture responsesPeng Li
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
J Appl Physiol 106:620-30. 2009..Direct projections from the ARC to the rVLM, which serve as an important source of beta-endorphin, appear also to exist... - Processing cardiovascular information in the vlPAG during electroacupuncture in rats: roles of endocannabinoids and GABAStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
J Appl Physiol 106:1793-9. 2009..Reduction of GABA release disinhibits vlPAG cells, which, in turn, modulate the activity of rVLM neurons to attenuate the sympathoexcitatory reflex responses... - Electroacupuncture modulates vlPAG release of GABA through presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptorsLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
J Appl Physiol 106:1800-9. 2009..33.8 +/- 8.7 nM, Glu vs. GABA). These results suggest that EA modulates the sympathoexcitatory reflex responses by decreasing the release of GABA, but not Glu, in the vlPAG, most likely through a presynaptic CB(1) receptor mechanism... - Central and peripheral mechanisms underlying gastric distention inhibitory reflex responses in hypercapnic-acidotic ratsStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300:H1003-12. 2011..Efferent chronotropic responses involve both increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic activity, whereas the decrease in BP is mediated by reduced α-adrenergic tone... - Nitric oxide in rostral ventrolateral medulla regulates cardiac-sympathetic reflexes: role of synthase isoformsZhi Ling Guo
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297:H1478-86. 2009..These data suggest that NO, specifically nNOS, mediates sympathetic cardiac-cardiovascular responses through its action in the rVLM... - Bradykinin and thromboxane A2 reciprocally interact to synergistically stimulate cardiac spinal afferents during myocardial ischemiaLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 298:H235-44. 2010.... - A new function for ATP: activating cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemiaLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 299:H1762-71. 2010.... - Electroacupuncture enhances preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rostral ventrolateral medulla of ratsMin Li
Department of Medicine and Susan Samueli Center of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, United States
Neurosci Lett 477:61-5. 2010.... - Activation of reciprocal pathways between arcuate nucleus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray during electroacupuncture: involvement of VGLUT3Zhi Ling Guo
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Brain Res 1360:77-88. 2010.... - Endogenous endothelin stimulates cardiac sympathetic afferents during ischaemiaLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
J Physiol 588:2473-86. 2010.... - Neural mechanism of electroacupuncture's hypotensive effectsPeng Li
Department of Medicine, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
Auton Neurosci 157:24-30. 2010..Thus, a number of mechanisms underlying the long-lasting effect of EA on cardiovascular function have been identified but clearly further investigation is warranted... - An arcuate-ventrolateral periaqueductal gray reciprocal circuit participates in electroacupuncture cardiovascular inhibitionPeng Li
Department of Medicine, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, United States
Auton Neurosci 158:13-23. 2010..Thus, a reciprocal excitatory glutamatergic neural circuit between the arcuate and vlPAG contributes to long-lasting EA cardiovascular inhibition. ACh in the arcuate but not in the vlPAG participates in the reciprocal excitation... - Activated platelets contribute to stimulation of cardiac afferents during ischaemia in cats: role of 5-HT(3) receptorsLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
J Physiol 544:897-912. 2002..These data indicate that during myocardial ischaemia the activated platelets stimulate cardiac sympathetic afferents, at least in part, through a 5-HT(3) receptor mechanism... - Role of medullary GABA, opioids, and nociceptin in prolonged inhibition of cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory reflexes during electroacupuncture in catsStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Department of Medicine, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293:H3627-35. 2007..Furthermore, in the rVLM, opioids and GABA, but not nociceptin, participate in the long-term EA-related inhibition of sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular responses... - Expression of c-Fos in arcuate nucleus induced by electroacupuncture: relations to neurons containing opioids and glutamateZhi Ling Guo
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Brain Res 1166:65-76. 2007..The results imply that EA at P5-P6 has the potential to influence ARC neurons containing multiple neuronal substances that subsequently modulate cardiovascular function... - Role of activated platelets in excitation of cardiac afferents during myocardial ischemia in catsLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, C240 Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282:H100-9. 2002..These data indicate activated platelets stimulate ischemia-sensitive cardiac spinal afferents and contribute to activation of these afferents during ischemia... - Electroacupuncture induces c-Fos expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and periaqueductal gray in cats: relation to opioid containing neuronsZhi Ling Guo
Department of Medicine, C240 Medical Science 1, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Brain Res 1030:103-15. 2004..These neurons likely form the substrate for EA's influence on sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflexes... - Afferent mechanisms underlying stimulation modality-related modulation of acupuncture-related cardiovascular responsesWei Zhou
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
J Appl Physiol 98:872-80. 2005..The similarity of the responses to EA and MA and the lack of cardiovascular response to high-frequency EA appear to be largely a function of somatic afferent responses... - Inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the pressor response induced by exercise stressPeng Li
Dept of Medicine, University of California, Irvine Medical Science I, C235, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Clin Auton Res 14:182-8. 2004..We conclude that EA at specific acupoints improves exercise capacity and reduces the hemodynamic responses in approximately 70% of normal subjects... - Medullary substrate and differential cardiovascular responses during stimulation of specific acupointsStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Medical Science 1 C240, College of Medicine, Univ of California, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287:R852-62. 2004.... - Prolonged inhibition of rostral ventral lateral medullary premotor sympathetic neurons by electroacupuncture in catsStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Auton Neurosci 106:119-31. 2003..Through an opioid mechanism, EA inhibits splanchnic nerve-induced excitatory responses of these rVLM neurons. Many of these neurons receiving convergent visceral and somatic input exhibit long-lasting inhibition by EA... - Effect of electroacupuncture on pressor reflex during gastric distensionPeng Li
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283:R1335-45. 2002.... - Xanthine oxidase, but not neutrophils, contributes to activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischaemia in catsStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
J Physiol 543:327-36. 2002..This study demonstrates that ROS generated from the oxidation of purines contribute to the stimulation of ischaemically sensitive cardiac sympathetic afferents, whereas PMNs do not play a major role in this process... - Medullary pathways involved in cardiac sympathoexcitatory reflexes in the catZhi Ling Guo
Department of Medicine, C240D Medical Science I, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Brain Res 925:55-66. 2002..These findings indicate that the activated neurons in the medulla, especially in the VLM, are involved in integration of cardiac-cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory reflexes... - Histamine contributes to ischemia-related activation of cardiac spinal afferents: role of H1 receptors and PKCLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, C240 Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
J Neurophysiol 93:713-22. 2005.... - Interactions between histamine and bradykinin in stimulation of ischaemically sensitive cardiac afferents in felinesLiang Wu Fu
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
J Physiol 565:1007-17. 2005..BK sensitizes cardiac afferents responding to histamine in a time-dependent fashion, and the BK sensitization effect is dependent on an intact cyclooxygenase pathway. Conversely, histamine reduces the response of most afferents to BK... - Brain stem mechanisms underlying acupuncture modality-related modulation of cardiovascular responses in ratsWei Yi Syuu Zhou
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Univ of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
J Appl Physiol 99:851-60. 2005.... - Role of glutamate in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in acupuncture-related modulation of visceral reflex sympathoexcitationWei Zhou
Department of Medicine and Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292:H1868-75. 2007..These data suggest that EA attenuates BK-induced visceral sympathoexcitatory reflexes through opioid-mediated inhibition of Glu's action in the rVLM... - Role of glutamate in a visceral sympathoexcitatory reflex in rostral ventrolateral medulla of catsWei Zhou
Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291:H1309-18. 2006..These results suggest that glutamate in the rVLM serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter through a baroreflex-independent mechanism and that both NMDA and AMPA receptors mediate the visceral sympathoexcitatory reflex responses... - Responses of neurons containing VGLUT3/nNOS-cGMP in the rVLM to cardiac stimulationZhi Ling Guo
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697 4075, USA
Neuroreport 17:255-9. 2006..Findings indicate activation of rostral ventrolateral medulla glutamatergic neurons by cardiac stimulation, which may be influenced by nitric oxide via cGMP... - Midbrain vlPAG inhibits rVLM cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory responses during electroacupunctureStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Department of Medicine, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290:H2543-53. 2006..We conclude that the inhibitory influence of EA involves vlPAG stimulation, which, in turn, inhibits rVLM neurons in the EA-related attenuation of the cardiovascular excitatory response during visceral afferent stimulation... - Excitatory projections from arcuate nucleus to ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in electroacupuncture inhibition of cardiovascular reflexesPeng Li
Department of Medicine, Susan Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290:H2535-42. 2006..These results suggest that excitatory projections from the ARC to the vlPAG are essential to the EA inhibition of the reflex increase in BP induced by SN or gallbladder visceral afferent stimulation... - Modulation of cardiovascular excitatory responses in rats by transcutaneous magnetic stimulation: role of the spinal cordWei Zhou Yi Syuu
Department of Medicine, Medical Science 1 C240, College of Medicine, Univ of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
J Appl Physiol 100:926-32. 2006.... - Stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents activates glutamatergic neurons in the parabrachial nucleus: relation to neurons containing nNOSZhi Ling Guo
Department of Medicine, C240 Medical Science 1, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Brain Res 1053:97-107. 2005..Nitric oxide has the potential to influence the action of glutamatergic neurons in regulation of excitatory cardiovascular responses induced by activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents... - Role of unmyelinated fibers in electroacupuncture cardiovascular responsesStephanie C Tjen-A-Looi
Medical Science 1, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 4075, USA
Auton Neurosci 118:43-50. 2005..This study demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of EA at P5-P6 on cardiovascular autonomic excitatory reflexes involves unmyelinated group IV fibers of the median nerves... - Electroacupuncture treatment of arrhythmias in myocardial ischemiaJohn C Longhurst
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292:H2032-4. 2007
Research Grants
- Mechanisms of CNS Autonomic Regulation by EAJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2007..Improved understanding of acupuncture will assist practicing acupuncturists and will provide physicians and scientists with a stronger rationale for using and studying this alternative therapy. ..
- Neural Substrates of EA in Cardiovascular ControlJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2007..g., in patients with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, knowledge of the mechanistic basis of acupuncture may allow practitioners to optimize the clinical cardiovascular responses to treatment. ..
- Mechanisms of Cardiac Afferents and their ReflexesJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Mechanisms of Cardiac Afferents and their ReflexesJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2009....
- Mechanims of CNS Autonomic Regulation by EAJohn C Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2010..The current application will provide important new information on both efficacy and mechanism of action in acupuncture treatment of either elevated or low blood pressure. ..
- Neural Substrates of EA in Cardiovascular ControlJohn C Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2010..g., in patients with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, knowledge of the mechanistic basis of acupuncture may allow practitioners to optimize the clinical cardiovascular responses to treatment. ..
- Neural Substrates of EA in Cardiovascular ControlJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2006..Such knowledge, along with the current clinical trials, will encourage acceptance of this therapy by scientists and clinicians in the US and other Western countries. ..
- CNS AUTONOMIC REGULATION BY ELECTROACUPUNCTUREJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2002..The Pl indicates that this project has important clinical implications. ..
- MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF CARDIAC AFFERENTSJohn Longhurst; Fiscal Year: 2005....
- Mechanisms of Cardiac Afferents and CNS Reflex ProcessingJOHN C contact LONGHURST; Fiscal Year: 2010..The current application will provide important new information on both mediators and mechanism of action in the brain during myocardial ischemia and its elevated blood pressure. ..