A R Localio

..69 and 0.84, respectively. Trained research nurses can accurately classify pressure ulcers from photographs, even when patients are largely non-White and the photographs depict pressure ulcers spanning all pressure ulcer stages...

..The performance of common statistical tools for the analysis of cluster randomization designs depends heavily on the precise design, the number of clusters, and the variability of baseline outcomes and treatment effects across centres...

..This paper uses examples from the recent biomedical literature to highlight the issues and analytic options...

..For large cluster sizes and a few clusters, the PQL approach performs better than the KS adjustment. These simulation results agree somewhat with those of the data analyses...

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..We assessed the contribution of acute lung injury to in-hospital mortality in critically ill trauma patients...

..Recently, retrospective observational studies have estimated NIHSS scores from medical records for quantitative outcome analysis. The reliability and validity of estimation based on chart review has not been determined...

..This study analyzed short-term trends in pediatric injury hospitalizations...

..These descriptive parameters must be defined to evaluate the impact and feasibility of any proposed screening strategy...

..Warfarin is widely used to prevent stroke and venous thromboembolism despite its narrow therapeutic window. Warfarin nonadherence is a substantial problem, but risk factors have not been well elucidated...

..This study examined the effect of medications that inhibit serotonin uptake on upper gastrointestinal toxicity...

..We seek to determine the impact of emergency department (ED) crowding on delays in antibiotic administration for patients with community-acquired pneumonia...

..To assess alternative statistical methods for estimating relative risks and their confidence intervals from multivariable binary regression when outcomes are common...

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..To determine the validity of self-reported hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) vs. nonIDUs...

..The prevalence of occult HBV in HIV-infected patients remains controversial, and the risk factors and clinical significance are unknown...

..Little is known about the effect of donor HCV positivity on survival in cardiac transplantation...

..This measure offers a rapid, constant, inexpensive, and objective method to identify medication orders with a high probability of error. It may also serve as a screening and teaching mechanism for physicians-in-training...

..We sought to examine the validity of specific hospital discharge codes in identifying drug toxicity precipitating hospitalization, among elderly users of high-risk medications...

..This information is needed to determine the importance of detecting and treating occult HBV in this population...

..Using a population-based case-control design, we estimated incidence rate ratios of fatal breast cancer in postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) users compared to non-users by type, duration, and recency of HT use...

..Currently, no comprehensive screening tool exists to help providers assess the risk of nonadherence at the time of initiation of warfarin therapy...

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..We determined the accuracy of HCV diagnostic codes within The Health Improvement Network (THIN), an electronic database containing medical record data from general medical practices in the United Kingdom...

..Although pulmonary hypertension commonly complicates COPD, the functional consequences of increased pulmonary artery pressures in patients with this condition remain poorly defined...

..We examined the relationship between adherence to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy, measured by pharmacy refill, and HCV suppression during the initial 12 weeks of therapy...

..To examine the incidence, degree, time course, treatment, and symptoms of lymphedema in breast cancer survivors...

..The objective of the study was to identify health care system factors that affect the risk of digoxin toxicity for older adults on digoxin...

..As cancer treatments evolve, it is important to reevaluate their effect on lymphedema risk in breast cancer survivors...

..Adverse drug events are an important cause of preventable hospitalizations...

..This study tested the discriminant validity of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) primary graft dysfunction (PGD) grades with lung injury biomarker profiles and survival...

..In the largest study to date, we examined the association of plasma CRP with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 914 asymptomatic subjects in the Study of Inherited Risk of Coronary Atherosclerosis (SIRCA)...

..Published studies report that CPOE reduces medication errors up to 81%. Few researchers, however, have focused on the existence or types of medication errors facilitated by CPOE...

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..Whether leptin signaling promotes atherosclerosis directly or represents a therapeutic target for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains to be explored...

..We present analytic approaches that are likely to provide consistent results and recommend the use of at least two distinct multivariable methods...

..Cardiac troponin is more accurate than creatine kinase (CK) testing for detecting myocardial injury in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), but its effects on clinical care compared with CK testing alone is open to question...

..Therefore, odds ratios will likely be biased toward the null, underestimating screening efficacy...

..Because of the difficulty in establishing a gold standard, data on accuracy of recall of over-the-counter (OTC) medication use are sparse...

..Less is known about over-the-counter (OTC) NANSAIDs, which are typically used at lower doses and for shorter durations. This study assessed the risk of toxicity with OTC NANSAIDs...

..Assessing the effect of screening intensity in case-control studies of mammography is possible if principles and methods for misclassification and measurement error guide the analysis...

..Antibiotics within four hours of arrival for patients with pneumonia and percutaneous intervention (PCI) within two hours for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are standard measures of emergency department (ED) quality...

..We studied the benefit of modern mammography screening in community settings, evaluating age-related differences in rates of late-stage breast cancer detection...

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..This study was designed to determine the effect of coronary stents on in-hospital mortality...

..Multiple studies have demonstrated that girls are engaging in interpersonal violence. However, little is known about the potentially unique aspects of violent events involving girls...

..Few data exist on risk factors for candidemia in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients...

..We sought to compare the effectiveness of early transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy versus prolonged intravenous antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of children with acute osteomyelitis...

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..The goal was to assess the impact of influenza vaccine clinical alerts on missed opportunities for vaccination and on overall influenza immunization rates for children and adolescents with asthma...

..To determine the performance of the ICD/AIS MAP (EJ MacKenzie et al) as a method of classifying injury severity for children...

..We aimed to examine the association between AKI and discordance in aminoglycoside dosing between physician orders and recommendations by a pharmacokinetic monitoring service...

..CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the colon of persons 25 to 45 years of age with otherwise asymptomatic rectal bleeding increases the life expectancy at a cost comparable to that of colon cancer screening...

..The secondary aim was to compare ED visit rates with rates of visits to other ambulatory care settings among children in foster care and other Medicaid-eligible children not in foster care...

..In this report, the authors describe the largest cohort of children to date with GC and explore relations between potential prognostic factors, treatment, and survival...

..The secondary aim is to test the hypothesis that foster care children are also more likely to generate high costs for mental health services if they generate higher costs for non-mental health claims...

..These results show that molecular genotyping provides a valuable tool for understanding factors influencing meiotic nondisjunction in mammals...

..Our objective was to determine whether women of child-bearing age are more likely than men to survive to hospital discharge after in-hospital cardiac arrest...

..Many patients use emergency departments (EDs) for primary care. Previous studies have found that patient characteristics affect ED utilization. However, such studies have led to few policy changes...

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..The goals of this study were to estimate the incidence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in the first 2 days of the hospital stay and to identify patient characteristics associated with higher incidence...

..To determine whether prior exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with children's subsequent emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations...

..The relationship of men to others, family and society, require further investigation in this and other aspects of genetic testing...