Research Topics
| J A LevySummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Is HIV superinfection worrisome?Jay A Levy
Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Lancet 361:98-9. 2003- Controlling HIV pathogenesis: the role of the noncytotoxic anti-HIV response of CD8+ T cellsJ A Levy
Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco 94143 0128, USA
Immunol Today 17:217-24. 1996..Here, Jay Levy and colleagues propose that this antiviral activity represents a natural cellular immune reaction that controls HIV production and protects the host from potential harmful effects of cytotoxic T lymphocytes... - HIV-1: hitching a ride on erythrocytesJay A Levy
Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Lancet 359:2212-3. 2002 - The importance of the innate immune system in controlling HIV infection and diseaseJ A Levy
Dept of Medicine, University of California, 513 Parnassus, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Trends Immunol 22:312-6. 2001..Novel approaches should be developed to elicit this rapidly responding immune activity in HIV infection... - The search for the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor (CAF)Jay A Levy
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 513 Parnassus, S1280, Box 1270, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Trends Immunol 24:628-32. 2003..These studies have uncovered several potentially important natural anti-HIV factors and their relationship to the originally described CAF is considered... - Protection from HIV/AIDS: the importance of innate immunityJay A Levy
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Clin Immunol 108:167-74. 2003 - HIV pathogenesis: knowledge gained after two decades of researchJ A Levy
Laboratory for Tumor and AIDS Research, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Suite S1280, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Adv Dent Res 19:10-6. 2006..The past 20 years have yielded important information on HIV/AIDS that should lead to effective anti-HIV therapies and a vaccine... 
Reduction in CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV activity in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy during primary infectionS A Stranford
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143; Blood Centers of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:597-602. 2001....- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef associates with a cellular serine kinase in T lymphocytesE T Sawai
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0128
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:1539-43. 1994..These findings present evidence that a serine kinase activity is associated with Nef expressed in human T lymphocytes... - Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by a soluble factor produced by CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV-2-infected baboonsC P Locher
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 1270, USA
Immunol Lett 66:151-7. 1999..Therefore, the soluble suppressing activity of CD8+ cells in HIV-2-infected baboons may be analogous to the CD8+ cell antiviral factor described in human HIV-infected asymptomatic people... - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gp120 is cleaved after incubation with recombinant soluble CD4A Werner
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0128
J Virol 67:2566-74. 1993..The origin of the proteolytic activity in the virus preparations remains unclear. The results support the hypothesis that cleavage of gp120 is required for HIV infection of cells... - The nuclear factor kappa B and Spl binding sites do not appear to be involved in virus suppression by CD8 T lymphocytesC P Locher
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA
AIDS 15:2455-7. 2001..The results strongly suggest that the NF-B and Spl binding sites are not involved in virus suppression by CD8 T lymphocytes... - Baboons as an animal model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis and vaccine developmentC P Locher
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Immunol Rev 183:127-40. 2001..The results demonstrate the value of using baboons as an animal model of AIDS pathogenesis and vaccine development... - Biologic features of HIV-1 that correlate with virulence in the hostC Cheng Mayer
Department of Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco 94143
Science 240:80-2. 1988..The biologic properties of HIV-1 in vitro thus appear to reflect its virulence in the host. Further studies of such sequentially isolated viruses may lead to the identification of viral genes that govern pathogenesis... - Serum enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection correlates with disease in HIV-infected individualsJ Homsy
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0128
J Virol 64:1437-40. 1990..They emphasize the necessity of studying further the association of enhancing antibodies and disease progression in infected individuals... - Effect of IL-2 therapy on CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response during primary HIV-1 infectionB Martinez-Marino
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
J Clin Immunol 24:135-44. 2004..The first cycle of IL-2 enhanced CNAR; later cycles showed no substantial effect. This study suggests that HAART combined with IL-2 could provide an immunologic benefit in the treatment of early HIV infection... - Functional role of the V1/V2 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 in infection of primary macrophages and soluble CD4 neutralizationA Koito
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0128
J Virol 68:2253-9. 1994..The conformation of the envelope gp120 appears to be strain specific and plays an important role in determining HIV-1 tissue tropism and sensitivity to soluble CD4 neutralization... - Virus-host interactions in HIV pathogenesis: directions for therapyJ A Levy
Director, Laboratory for Tumor and AIDS Virus Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Adv Dent Res 23:13-8. 2011..All these parameters in HIV pathogenesis underline the information needed to develop optimal anti-HIV therapies and an effective AIDS vaccine... - Detection of HIV in enterochromaffin cells in the rectal mucosa of an AIDS patientJ A Levy
Department of Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco
Am J Gastroenterol 84:787-9. 1989..More infected cells were noted in the crypts than the lamina propria. The enterochromaffin cell was one cell type showing the presence of virus. HIV may play an important role in some gastrointestinal disorders in infected individuals... - A conserved domain and membrane targeting of Nef from HIV and SIV are required for association with a cellular serine kinase activityE T Sawai
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0128, USA
J Biol Chem 270:15307-14. 1995..Moreover, point mutations within the central region that abrogate the Nef-associated kinase activity in HIV-1SF2 Nef have the same effect when introduced into SIVmac239open Nef... - Potential herpesvirus interaction during HIV type 1 primary infectionEvelyne T Lennette
Nectandra Institute, San Ramon, Costa Rica
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 21:869-75. 2005..uninfected individuals. Notably, lower HIV-1 viremia (7,313 vs. 55,548 geometric mean RNA copies/ml) at baseline was significantly associated with HHV-8 seropositivity (p < 0.004)... - Differential effects of R5 and X4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on CD4+ cell proliferation and activationChristopher P Locher
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Gen Virol 86:1171-9. 2005..02). Taken together, these results indicate that CD4+ cells infected with R5 virus isolates may have a selective advantage over X4 virus-infected CD4+ T cells for survival and, hence, virus spread... - Variations in plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) and myeloid dendritic cell (MDC) levels in HIV-infected subjects on and off antiretroviral therapyBarbara Schmidt
Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-1270, USA
J Clin Immunol 26:55-64. 2006..Circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells may provide important additional information about immune function in HIV-infected subjects receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy... - VCAM-1 expression on CD8+ cells correlates with enhanced anti-HIV suppressing activityLeyla S Diaz
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Immunol 174:1574-9. 2005..Moreover, the CD8(+)VCAM-1(+) cells show enhanced CD8(+) cell noncytotoxic antiviral response activity that could have clinical importance in HIV infection... - A screening assay for detecting CD8+ cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV responsesM Scott Killian
AIDS Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
J Immunol Methods 304:137-50. 2005..Use of the CNAR screening assay should facilitate the evaluation of this important immune parameter in studies of HIV pathogenesis, resistance to infection, and vaccine development... - Seroreversion in subjects receiving antiretroviral therapy during acute/early HIV infectionC Bradley Hare
Positive Health Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Clin Infect Dis 42:700-8. 2006.... - Similar changes in plasmacytoid dendritic cell and CD4 T-cell counts during primary HIV-1 infection and treatmentM Scott Killian
Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
AIDS 20:1247-52. 2006..Early ART appears to have similar restorative effects on pDC and CD4 T-cell counts... - The effects of early antiretroviral therapy and its discontinuation on the HIV-specific antibody responseM Scott Killian
Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 94143, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:640-7. 2006..These results demonstrate that early ART prevents the typical evolution of the HIV-1-specific antibody response and can alter the expected kinetics of this response in subjects discontinuing therapy... - Differential gene expression in CD8(+) cells from HIV-1-infected subjects showing suppression of HIV replicationBeatriz Martinez-Mariño
Department of Medicine, Division Hematology Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Virology 362:217-25. 2007..Stringent selection criteria narrowed down the list to 52 up-regulated 'high confidence genes' (> or = 75% concordance). These genes function in a wide variety of cellular processes and include 13 associated with immunologic activity... - Synergy or independence? Deciphering the interaction of HLA Class I and NK cell KIR alleles in early HIV-1 disease progressionJason D Barbour
HIV AIDS Division, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
PLoS Pathog 3:e43. 2007 - Quantitative longitudinal analysis of T cell receptor repertoire expression in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral and interleukin-2 therapyUma Sriram
Department of Neurology University of California at San Francisco, California 94143, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:741-7. 2007..These results suggest that homeostasis in the T cell receptor repertoire is more robust in those patients who stay on HAART for a long time and confirm the polyclonal stimulating capacity of IL-2... - Derivation of infectious HIV-1 molecular clones with LTR mutations: sensitivity to the CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV responseKyle R Bonneau
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Virology 373:30-8. 2008..These findings suggest that other regions in the viral LTR or other host cell processes are involved in the transcriptional block elicited by CNAR/CAF... - HIV-infected cells are major inducers of plasmacytoid dendritic cell interferon production, maturation, and migrationBarbara Schmidt
Department of Medicine, Division Hematology Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0128, USA
Virology 343:256-66. 2005..Stimulated CD4+ cells induced PDC activation and maturation; markers for PDC migration (CCR7) were enhanced by HIV-infected CD4+ cells only. This latter finding could explain the decline in circulating PDC in HIV-infected individuals... - Interleukin-2 therapy restores CD8 cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV responses in primary infection subjects receiving HAARTBeatriz Martinez-Mariño
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
AIDS 18:1991-9. 2004..To determine the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy on immunologic and virologic responses in subjects with acute or recent HIV infection already receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)... - Low-level HIV infection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells: onset of cytopathic effects and cell death after PDC maturationBarbara Schmidt
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0128, USA
Virology 329:280-8. 2004..On maturation, the infected PDC showed multinuclear cell syncytia formation and death. These findings indicate that PDC can be reservoirs for HIV dissemination and that HIV infection of PDC can contribute to their decline... - Increased virus replication and virulence after serial passage of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in baboonsChristopher P Locher
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
J Virol 77:77-83. 2003..This study suggests that the HIV-2 isolate recovered after several serial passages in baboons will be useful in future studies of AIDS pathogenesis and vaccine development by using this animal model... - Expression patterns of phenotypic markers on lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected baboonsChristopher P Locher
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 19:31-40. 2003..These and other phenotypic markers of immune activation may facilitate characterization of the immunopathogenesis of AIDS in nonhuman primate animal models... - The CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response can be blocked by protease inhibitorsCarl E Mackewicz
Department of Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:3433-8. 2003..Proteolysis of a CD8+ cell product(s) may be involved. This observation offers a promising approach for identifying the mechanism of CNARCAF activity... - Relationship of CD8(+) T cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV response to CD4(+) T cell number in untreated asymptomatic HIV-infected individualsJoAnn C Castelli
Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-1270, USA
Blood 99:4225-7. 2002..These data on CNAR in untreated, healthy, HIV-infected individuals support the current recommendation for when to initiate antiretroviral therapy... - alpha-Defensins can have anti-HIV activity but are not CD8 cell anti-HIV factorsCarl E Mackewicz
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
AIDS 17:F23-32. 2003..CONCLUSIONS: The alpha-defensins are not produced by CD8 cells but unexpectedly were found to be expressed in monocytes. alpha-Defensins can have anti-HIV activity but are not CD8 cell antiviral factors... - Lack of the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor in CD8+ cell granulesCarl E Mackewicz
Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, IL, USA
Blood 102:180-3. 2003..These findings suggest that CAF does not reside at appreciable levels in the exocytic granules of antiviral CD8+ T cells... - Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 DNA vaccine provides partial protection from acute baboon infectionChristopher P Locher
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, 514 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA
Vaccine 22:2261-72. 2004..1). These data demonstrate that partial protection against HIV-2 vaginal challenge, as measured by reduced viral load, can be achieved using only a DNA vaccine formulation... - Mature dendritic cells can enhance CD8+ cell noncytotoxic anti-HIV responses: the role of IL-15JoAnn Castelli
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California, San Francisco 94143 1270, USA
Blood 103:2699-704. 2004..These studies provide another potential approach by which the immune system in HIV infection could be restored by cytokine therapy, particularly IL-15 administration... - Influence of HLA-B57 on clinical presentation and viral control during acute HIV-1 infectionMarcus Altfeld
Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
AIDS 17:2581-91. 2003..CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that host genetic factors can influence the clinical manifestations of acute HIV-1 infection and provide a functional link between HLA-B57 and viral immune control... - The spread, treatment, and prevention of HIV-1: evolution of a global pandemicMyron S Cohen
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
J Clin Invest 118:1244-54. 2008.... - Enhancement of antibody responses to an HIV-2 DNA envelope vaccine using an expression vector containing a constitutive transport elementChristopher P Locher
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
DNA Cell Biol 21:581-6. 2002..We conclude that expression vectors for DNA vaccines should contain TPA and CTE sequences to facilitate immune responses... - Potential screening assay for undetectable viruses on the basis of their capacity to induce alpha interferon productionBarbara Schmidt
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA
J Clin Microbiol 42:4300-2. 2004..This release of interferon was not observed with uninfected normal CD4(+) cells. Induction of PDC interferon production could help screen for covert virus infections... - A single amino acid of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 capsid affects its replication in the presence of cynomolgus monkey and human TRIM5alphasHaihan Song
Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3 1 Yamada oka, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
J Virol 81:7280-5. 2007..Mutagenesis studies indicated that the single amino acid at the 120th position indeed affected the sensitivity of the virus to CM TRIM5alpha... - Virucidal efficacy of soap and water against human immunodeficiency virus in genital secretionsJonathan Z Li
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1270, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:3321-2. 2003..These observations indicate that soap and water might be used to inactivate HIV and HIV-infected cells in genital secretions... - Enhancement of a human immunodeficiency virus env DNA vaccine using a novel polycationic nanoparticle formulationChristopher P Locher
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1270, USA
Immunol Lett 90:67-70. 2003..These results suggest that nanoparticles may be an important adjuvant formulation to improve the effectiveness of genetic immunization and rationalize its use in the evaluation of vaccine candidates in non-human primate models for AIDS... - Clinical course of cardiomyopathy in HIV-infected patients with or without encephalopathy related to the myocardial expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide synthaseJay A Levy
AIDS 17:1119. 2003 - Differential gene expression in CD8+ cells exhibiting noncytotoxic anti-HIV activityLeyla S Diaz
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA
Virology 311:400-9. 2003..Three genes, including one unknown, were found to have significantly increased expression in antiviral CD8+ cells...
Research Grants
- 20Years of HIV Research: From Discovery to UnderstandingJay Levy; Fiscal Year: 2003..The presentations will permit attendees to appreciate and to understand what approaches need to be done to control HIV infection itself as well as its consequences. ..
- IMMUNOLOGIC & VIROLOGIC FEATURES OF EARLY HIV INFECTIONJay Levy; Fiscal Year: 2006..The results should provide useful approaches for both industrialized and developing countries to improve the clinical outcome of infection and block HIV transmission. ..