Research Topics
| MYRON MAX LEVINESummaryAffiliation: University of Maryland Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Vaccine development strategies for improving immunization: the role of modern immunologyMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Nat Immunol 5:460-4. 2004..An ideal vaccine has certain biological and physical characteristics. Technological advances have provided new strategies that may help the design of such a vaccine...
The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS): impetus, rationale, and genesisMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Clin Infect Dis 55:S215-24. 2012..GEMS data will guide investment and help prioritize strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality of pediatric diarrheal disease...- Factors that explain excretion of enteric pathogens by persons without diarrheaMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Clin Infect Dis 55:S303-11. 2012..Pathogens in stools of individuals without diarrhea may reflect recent ingestion of inocula too small to cause disease in otherwise susceptible hosts or of animal pathogens (eg, bovine or porcine ETEC) that do not cause human illness... 
"IDEAL" vaccines for resource poor settingsMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 29:D116-25. 2011..Ideally, immunization would lead to a biomarker such as a specific vaccine-derived antibody that allows differentiation of successfully immunized persons from susceptibles...- Host-Salmonella interaction: human trialsM M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Microbes Infect 3:1271-9. 2001.... - Enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: future directionsMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 24:3865-73. 2006..Systematic implementation programs will have to be created in the least developed, high burden, high mortality countries to deliver enteric vaccines and to document their impact after introduction... - Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi BMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Clin Infect Dis 45:S24-8. 2007..In the pooled analysis, Ty21a conferred significant protection against paratyphoid B fever (efficacy, 49%; 95% confidence interval, 8%-73%; P=.019)... - Clinical trials of Shigella vaccines: two steps forward and one step back on a long, hard roadMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Nat Rev Microbiol 5:540-53. 2007.... - Vaccines, global health and social equityMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Immunol Cell Biol 87:274-8. 2009.... - Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccineMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
BMC Biol 8:129. 2010..The fundamental breakthrough is likely to require reversing effects of the 'environmental enteropathy' that is often present in children living in fecally contaminated, impoverished environments... - Mass vaccination to control epidemic and endemic typhoid feverM M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 304:231-46. 2006 - Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Shigella flexneri 2a strains mucosally deliver DNA vaccines encoding measles virus hemagglutinin, inducing specific immune responses and protection in cotton ratsMarcela F Pasetti
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
J Virol 77:5209-17. 2003..flexneri can deliver measles DNA vaccines mucosally in cotton rats, inducing measles immune responses (including neutralizing antibodies) and protection, boosting strategies can now be evaluated in animals primed with MV DNA vaccines... - Characterization of immune responses induced by intramuscular vaccination with DNA vaccines encoding measles virus hemagglutinin and/or fusion proteinsMan Ki Song
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA
J Virol 79:9854-61. 2005..These data will help guide the design of DNA-based MV vaccines to be used early in life in a heterologous prime-boost strategy... - Recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in a prime-boost strategyChristofer J Vindurampulle
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 22:3744-50. 2004..An ability to stimulate enhanced, accelerated responses to parenteral vaccination following mucosal priming may be advantageous in the immunoprophylaxis of many infectious diseases, including those of biodefense importance... - Concomitant induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain CVD 908-htrARosângela Salerno-Goncalves
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Immunol 170:2734-41. 2003.... - Cell-mediated immune responses in humans after immunization with one or two doses of oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine CVD 909Rezwanul Wahid
Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 25:1416-25. 2007..These observations add impetus for the continuing evaluation of CVD 909 as a typhoid vaccine candidate... - Enhanced immunity to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) by using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expressing PfCSP and a PfCSP-encoding DNA vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost strategyMagaly Chinchilla
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, 685 W Baltimore Street, HSF I, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Infect Immun 75:3769-79. 2007.... - Genetic characterization and immunogenicity of coli surface antigen 4 from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli when it is expressed in a Shigella live-vector strainZeev Altboum
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Infect Immun 71:1352-60. 2003..These findings pave the way for CS4 to be included in multivalent ETEC vaccines, including an attenuated Shigella live-vector-based ETEC vaccine... - Mucosal immunization with attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi expressing protective antigen of anthrax toxin (PA83) primes monkeys for accelerated serum antibody responses to parenteral PA83 vaccineJames E Galen
Center for Vaccine Development, Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Infect Dis 199:326-35. 2009..In nonhuman primates, the success of this anthrax vaccine strategy based on heterologous mucosal priming followed by a parenteral subunit vaccine booster paves the way for clinical trials... - Mucosally delivered Salmonella live vector vaccines elicit potent immune responses against a foreign antigen in neonatal mice born to naive and immune mothersAlejandra V E Capozzo
Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA
Infect Immun 72:4637-46. 2004..This is the first report that demonstrates the effectiveness of Salmonella live vector vaccines in early life... - PCR method to identify Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B among Salmonella Isolates from the blood of patients with clinical enteric feverHaim Levy
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Clin Microbiol 46:1861-6. 2008..quot; Blinded testing of 664 Malian and Chilean Salmonella blood isolates demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity... - Characterization of rationally attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine strains that harbor deletions in the guaA and guaB genesAraceli E Santiago
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 21201, United States
Vaccine 27:2426-36. 2009..These findings suggest the specific deletion of these target genes could generate a safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccine... - Neonatal immunization with a Sindbis virus-DNA measles vaccine induces adult-like neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity in the presence of maternal antibodiesAlejandra V E Capozzo
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Immunol 176:5671-81. 2006..Such a vaccine could be followed by the current live attenuated MV vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost to protect against measles early in life... - Can needle-free administration of vaccines become the norm in global immunization?Myron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA mlevinemedicine umaryland edu
Nat Med 9:99-103. 2003 - A new generation of stable, nonantibiotic, low-copy-number plasmids improves immune responses to foreign antigens in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vectorsJames E Galen
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore St, HSF Bldg I, Rm 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Infect Immun 78:337-47. 2010.... - Sindbis virus-based measles DNA vaccines protect cotton rats against respiratory measles: relevance of antibodies, mucosal and systemic antibody-secreting cells, memory B cells, and Th1-type cytokines as correlates of immunityMarcela F Pasetti
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore St, Room 480, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
J Virol 83:2789-94. 2009..pMSIN-H priming conferred 100% protection against pulmonary measles, whereas pMSINH-FdU protected only in conjunction with the live measles virus vaccine boost... - Safety and immunogenicity of CVD 1208S, a live, oral DeltaguaBA Deltasen Deltaset Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine grown on animal-free mediaKaren L Kotloff
Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Hum Vaccin 3:268-75. 2007.... - A case for immunization against nosocomial infectionsAlan S Cross
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
J Leukoc Biol 83:483-8. 2008..Such a strategy could reduce or ameliorate nosocomial infections and perhaps limit dissemination of nosocomial pathogens. Thus, a more aggressive effort to develop vaccines for nosocomial infections is warranted... - Mucosal IgA responses in healthy adult volunteers following intranasal spray delivery of a live attenuated measles vaccineJakub K Simon
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Clin Vaccine Immunol 18:355-61. 2011.... - Preclinical safety and biodistribution of Sindbis virus measles DNA vaccines administered as a single dose or followed by live attenuated measles vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost regimenKarina Ramirez
Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Hum Gene Ther 19:522-31. 2008..Both vaccines were shown to be well tolerated and suitable for clinical trials and they are currently being tested in phase 1 studies in young adults... - Use of mchI encoding immunity to the antimicrobial peptide microcin H47 as a plasmid selection marker in attenuated bacterial live vectorsChee Mun Fang
Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Infect Immun 76:4422-30. 2008..Furthermore, the success of the heterologous priming strategy supports the feasibility of the future development of multivalent live vector-based immunization strategies against multiple human pathogens... - CVD 908, CVD 908-htrA, and CVD 909 live oral typhoid vaccines: a logical progressionCarol O Tacket
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Clin Infect Dis 45:S20-3. 2007..This review summarizes the clinical data that directed the logical progression of this vaccine development strategy... - A clinical study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of attenuated measles vaccine administered intranasally to healthy adultsJakub K Simon
Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Hum Vaccin 3:54-8. 2007..Mucosal administration of currently licensed measles vaccine has been proposed to address issues of needle safety and improve vaccine uptake... - Standard and alternative regimens of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine) elicit comparable antibody avidities in infantsJames D Campbell
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:822-6. 2002.... - The causes of hospital admission and death among children in Bamako, MaliJames D Campbell
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
J Trop Pediatr 50:158-63. 2004..Prospective surveillance using microbiological data is needed to delineate the organism-specific burdens... - Immune responses to an oral typhoid vaccine strain that is modified to constitutively express Vi capsular polysaccharideCarol O Tacket
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
J Infect Dis 190:565-70. 2004..Although many of the volunteers generated antibody-secreting cell responses to Vi, only 2 of the 32 volunteers generated anti-Vi IgG antibody in serum... - Invasive pneumococcal infections among hospitalized children in Bamako, MaliJames D Campbell
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:642-9. 2004..Prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children is a global public health priority, and determination of the most common serotypes is crucial for vaccine development and implementation... - Deletion in the Shigella enterotoxin genes further attenuates Shigella flexneri 2a bearing guanine auxotrophy in a phase 1 trial of CVD 1204 and CVD 1208Karen L Kotloff
Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
J Infect Dis 190:1745-54. 2004.... - Adaptation of the endogenous Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi clyA-encoded hemolysin for antigen export enhances the immunogenicity of anthrax protective antigen domain 4 expressed by the attenuated live-vector vaccine strain CVD 908-htrAJames E Galen
Center for Vaccine Development, Separtmrnt of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Infect Immun 72:7096-106. 2004..0002). In addition, the induction of PA-specific gamma interferon and interleukin 5 responses was observed in splenocytes. This technology offers exceptional versatility for enhancing the immunogenicity of bacterial live-vector vaccines... - A serosurvey to identify the window of vulnerability to wild-type measles among infants in rural MaliMilagritos D Tapia
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:26-31. 2005..The early onset of the window of vulnerability in Kangaba infants likely reflects the changing ecology of measles in Africa. Ways to protect these vulnerable infants against measles must be devised... - Phase I evaluation of delta virG Shigella sonnei live, attenuated, oral vaccine strain WRSS1 in healthy adultsKaren L Kotloff
Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Infect Immun 70:2016-21. 2002..We conclude that WRSS1 vaccine is remarkably immunogenic in doses ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) CFU but elicits clinical reactions that must be assessed in further volunteer trials... - Immunogenicity of multivalent Shigella-ETEC candidate vaccine strains in a guinea pig modelEileen M Barry
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 685 West Baltimore Street, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 24:3727-34. 2006..These studies demonstrate the potential of the use of mixtures of live Shigella derivatives expressing ETEC antigens to serve as an immunogenic multivalent vaccine... - Measurement of tetanus antitoxin in oral fluid: a tool to conduct serosurveysMilagritos D Tapia
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:819-25. 2006..Measurement of IgG tetanus antitoxin in oral fluid was investigated as a practical and noninvasive alternative to and correlate of serum antibodies... - Immune responses elicited against multiple enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli fimbriae and mutant LT expressed in attenuated Shigella vaccine strainsEileen M Barry
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 21:333-40. 2003..Following mucosal immunization of guinea pigs with a mixed inoculum containing five Shigella strains each expressing a different ETEC antigen, immune responses were observed against each ETEC antigen plus the Shigella vector... - Animal models paving the way for clinical trials of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live oral vaccines and live vectorsMarcela F Pasetti
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Room 480, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Vaccine 21:401-18. 2003..Typhi strains as vaccine candidates for the prevention of typhoid fever and as live vectors in humans... - Immunology of gut mucosal vaccinesMarcela F Pasetti
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore St, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Immunol Rev 239:125-48. 2011..This review dissects the immune responses elicited in humans by enteric vaccines... - A challenge model for Shigella dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)Steven T Shipley
Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
Comp Med 60:54-61. 2010..We believe that this animal model may provide unique insights into the immunologic mechanisms of protection to S. dysenteriae 1 infection and in advancing development of a vaccine against shigellosis... - Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vector vaccines finally come of ageJames E Galen
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Immunol Cell Biol 87:400-12. 2009..The time has now come for development of multivalent live vectors in which stable antigen expression and export is balanced with metabolic fitness to create highly immunogenic vaccines... - Prevention of typhoid feverMyron M Levine
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Adv Exp Med Biol 568:161-73. 2005 - Identification by PCR of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars associated with invasive infections among febrile patients in MaliSharon M Tennant
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4:e621. 2010..Importantly, including data from Mali, three serovars, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Dublin, account for the majority of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from these patients... - Overview of vaccines and immunisationMyron M Levine
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
Br Med Bull 62:1-13. 2002 - Management of typhoid fever in childrenIna Stephens
Children's Hospital at Sinai and Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:157-8. 2002
Research Grants
- FELLOWSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM IN VACCINOLOGYMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 2007..The ultimate goal of this training program is to provide a well-trained cadre of individuals who can fully exploit the unprecedented opportunities now available in vaccine development. ..
- RECOMBINANT & LIVE ORAL SALMONELLA TYPHI HYBRID VACCINESMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 2002....
- BACTERIAL LIVE VECTOR-BASED VACCINE AGAINST MALARIAMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 2004..falciparum, and by these effects working in concert, we will ultimately be able to prevent disease completely in some subjects and to markedly ameliorate disease severity in others. ..
- RECOMBINANT & LIVE ORAL SALMONELLA TYPHI HYBRID VACCINESMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- Defense against Biowarfare and Emerging Infection AgentsMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 2007..abstract_text> ..
- MULTIVALENT SALMONELLA TYPHI BASED MALARIA VACCINESMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 1999....
- RECOMBINANT AND LIVE ORAL SALMONELLA TYPHI VACCINESMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 1993..We will apply this information as we develop an S. typhi-based oral vaccine expressing diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis antigens...
- RECOMBINANT & LIVE ORAL SALMONELLA TYPHI HYBRID VACCINESMyron Levine; Fiscal Year: 1992..Hybrid constructs then will be used to provide information on the capacity of the carrier to elicit a broad range of immune responses against cloned antigens...