Leonard Levin

Summary

Affiliation: University of Wisconsin
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Differential production of superoxide by neuronal mitochondria
    Mark J Hoegger
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA
    BMC Neurosci 9:4. 2008
  2. ncbi History of neuroprotection and rationale as a therapy for glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 4673, USA
    Am J Manag Care 14:S11-4. 2008
  3. ncbi Lessons from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial: a decade later
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Arch Ophthalmol 125:1570-1. 2007
  4. ncbi Serial multifocal electroretinograms during long-term elevation and reduction of intraocular pressure in non-human primates
    T Michael Nork
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave F4 336, Madison, WI 53792 3220, USA
    Doc Ophthalmol 120:273-89. 2010
  5. ncbi Multifocal visual evoked potentials in the anesthetized non-human primate
    Nathan A Maertz
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-3220, USA
    Curr Eye Res 31:885-93. 2006
  6. ncbi Retinal ganglion cells and neuroprotection for glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    Surv Ophthalmol 48:S21-4. 2003
  7. ncbi Neuroprotection and regeneration in glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Ophthalmol Clin North Am 18:585-96, vii. 2005
  8. ncbi Neuroprotective effect of sulfhydryl reduction in a rat optic nerve crush model
    Kyle I Swanson
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, 53792, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:3737-41. 2005
  9. ncbi Pathophysiology of the progressive optic neuropathy of glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Ophthalmol Clin North Am 18:355-64, v. 2005
  10. ncbi Synthesis and characterization of a novel class of reducing agents that are highly neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells
    Christopher R Schlieve
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 52792, USA
    Exp Eye Res 83:1252-9. 2006

Research Grants

  1. GENE EXPRESSION IN AXOTOMIZED RETINAL GANGLION CELLS
    Leonard Levin; Fiscal Year: 2004
  2. Novel Mitochondrial Targeted Neuroprotectants for Glaucoma
    Leonard Levin; Fiscal Year: 2007

Collaborators

  • Charlene B Y Kim
  • T Nork
  • PAUL LEON KAUFMAN
  • N R Miller
  • Helen V Danesh-Meyer
  • A C Arnold
  • Christopher J Lieven
  • Christopher R Schlieve
  • Mark J Hoegger
  • Steve M Nguyen
  • Colin J Scott
  • Joshua P Vrabec
  • Lucia E Millet
  • Brandon R Schwechter
  • Laura J Frassetto
  • Nathan A Maertz
  • Kyle I Swanson
  • Rachel A Tesser
  • Claron D Alldredge
  • Francine B Wein
  • Emily A Seidler
  • Annie Tam
  • Mathew V Jones
  • Ronald T Raines
  • Neeraj Agarwal
  • Mark J Lucarelli
  • Amy A Utter
  • James N Ver Hoeve
  • Bradley L Nilsson
  • Christa N Alexejun
  • Eric R Niendorf

Detail Information

Publications32

  1. ncbi Differential production of superoxide by neuronal mitochondria
    Mark J Hoegger
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, USA
    BMC Neurosci 9:4. 2008
    ..To study this, we compared superoxide production and mitochondrial electron transport chain (METC) components in isolated RGC mitochondria to mitochondria isolated from cerebral cortex and neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cells...
  2. ncbi History of neuroprotection and rationale as a therapy for glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 4673, USA
    Am J Manag Care 14:S11-4. 2008
    ..Therapies that prevent death of the retinal ganglion cell (neuroprotection), its axon (axoprotection), or both, theoretically should be useful in treating glaucoma...
  3. ncbi Lessons from the ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial: a decade later
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Arch Ophthalmol 125:1570-1. 2007
  4. ncbi Serial multifocal electroretinograms during long-term elevation and reduction of intraocular pressure in non-human primates
    T Michael Nork
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave F4 336, Madison, WI 53792 3220, USA
    Doc Ophthalmol 120:273-89. 2010
    ..These results demonstrate species-specific changes in cone-driven retinal function during periods of elevated IOP. These IOP-related effects can occur in the absence of retinal ganglion cells and may be reversible...
  5. ncbi Multifocal visual evoked potentials in the anesthetized non-human primate
    Nathan A Maertz
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-3220, USA
    Curr Eye Res 31:885-93. 2006
    ..Under the recording conditions described, mfVEPs are not contaminated by ERG activity. mfVEPs may be useful in animal models of diseases that differentially affect macular and peripheral visual field responsiveness...
  6. ncbi Retinal ganglion cells and neuroprotection for glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    Surv Ophthalmol 48:S21-4. 2003
    ..This article discusses three commonly asked questions about neuroprotection and attempts to answer them in the context of our current understanding of the pathophysiology of RGC loss in glaucomatous optic neuropathy...
  7. ncbi Neuroprotection and regeneration in glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Ophthalmol Clin North Am 18:585-96, vii. 2005
    ..This review surveys recent developments in neuroprotection and regeneration from the standpoint of eventual applicability to treatment of patients who have glaucoma...
  8. ncbi Neuroprotective effect of sulfhydryl reduction in a rat optic nerve crush model
    Kyle I Swanson
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, 53792, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:3737-41. 2005
    ..Sulfhydryl oxidative modification may be a final common pathway for the signaling of RGC death by reactive oxygen species after axotomy...
  9. ncbi Pathophysiology of the progressive optic neuropathy of glaucoma
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Ophthalmol Clin North Am 18:355-64, v. 2005
    ..The primary goal is to distinguish glaucoma from other optic neuropathies and, in so doing, to suggest some hypotheses for its etiology...
  10. ncbi Synthesis and characterization of a novel class of reducing agents that are highly neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells
    Christopher R Schlieve
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 52792, USA
    Exp Eye Res 83:1252-9. 2006
    ..We propose that these novel molecules may act by inhibiting the sulfhydryl oxidation effect of an intracellular superoxide burst...
  11. ncbi Retinal ganglion cell axotomy induces an increase in intracellular superoxide anion
    Christopher J Lieven
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:1477-85. 2006
    ..CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that superoxide generated in the mitochondrial electron transport chain could be a parallel system to neurotrophic deprivation for signaling cell death after axonal injury...
  12. ncbi Retinal ganglion cells and supporting elements in culture
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    J Glaucoma 14:305-7. 2005
    ....
  13. ncbi Pathophysiology of the optic neuropathy associated with Friedreich ataxia
    Claron D Alldredge
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, 53792, USA
    Arch Ophthalmol 121:1582-5. 2003
    ..CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that decreased expression of frataxin, the mutated gene in Friedreich ataxia, could cause an optic neuropathy by increasing the sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells to oxidative stress...
  14. ncbi Histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated differentiation of RGC-5 cells and interaction with survival
    Brandon R Schwechter
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:2845-57. 2007
    ..The authors studied the relationship between histone acetylation and the differentiation and survival of the RGC-5 cell line and compared it with nontranscriptional-dependent differentiation with staurosporine...
  15. ncbi Cell-type-specific opening of the retinal ganglion cell mitochondrial permeability transition pore
    Joshua P Vrabec
    University of Wisconsin Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-4673, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:2774-82. 2003
    ..Unique RGC PTP behavior could underlie the pathophysiology of those mitochondrial diseases in which RGCs are specifically affected (e.g., Leber hereditary optic neuropathy)...
  16. ncbi Simultaneous labeling of projecting neurons and apoptotic state
    Steve M Nguyen
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    J Neurosci Methods 161:281-4. 2007
    ..The use of a single dye not only eliminates the need for secondary staining for apoptosis, but also allows for the use of a wider variety of non-overlapping fluorescent dyes for other studies...
  17. ncbi The morphology of an infarct in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
    Rachel A Tesser
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Ophthalmology 110:2031-5. 2003
    ..5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of this NAION infarct is not consistent with disease of large or small vessels and, more likely, represents a form of compartment syndrome that causes tissue ischemia...
  18. ncbi Biochemical activity of reactive oxygen species scavengers do not predict retinal ganglion cell survival
    Christopher R Schlieve
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:3878-86. 2006
    ..These include using a panel of ROS scavengers and generators, testing the panel in primary neuronal cultures, and quantifying ROS with cell-free assays...
  19. ncbi Management of traumatic optic neuropathy
    Leonard A Levin
    University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
    J Neuroophthalmol 23:72-5. 2003
  20. ncbi Retinal ganglion cell disorders: types and treatments
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Prog Retin Eye Res 21:465-84. 2002
  21. ncbi Kinase-dependent differentiation of a retinal ganglion cell precursor
    Laura J Frassetto
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:427-38. 2006
    ....
  22. ncbi Cell-autonomous generation of mitochondrial superoxide is a signal for cell death in differentiated neuronal precursor cells
    Colin J Scott
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
    Brain Res 1306:142-8. 2010
    ..Dysregulation of mitochondrial superoxide in differentiated RGC-5 cells is likely a potent signal for cell death, consistent with a role of this reactive oxygen species in apoptosis signaling after axonal injury...
  23. ncbi Induction of axon and dendrite formation during early RGC-5 cell differentiation
    Christopher J Lieven
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
    Exp Eye Res 85:678-83. 2007
    ....
  24. ncbi Current understanding of neuroprotection in glaucoma
    Francine B Wein
    Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
    Curr Opin Ophthalmol 13:61-7. 2002
    ..This article reviews the recent basic science relevant to neuroprotection, particularly with respect to retinal ganglion cell death in glaucomatous and other optic neuropathies...
  25. ncbi Axonal loss and neuroprotection in optic neuropathies
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Canada
    Can J Ophthalmol 42:403-8. 2007
    ..This review emphasizes that most optic neuropathies are axonal and thus good targets for neuroprotection...
  26. ncbi Erectile dysfunction drugs and risk of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: casual or causal association?
    Helen V Danesh-Meyer
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland New Zealand
    Br J Ophthalmol 91:1551-5. 2007
    ..This paper reviews all the recent evidence on PDE5 inhibitors and the risk of NAION...
  27. ncbi Amplification of a reactive oxygen species signal in axotomized retinal ganglion cells
    Steve M Nguyen
    Antioxid Redox Signal 5:629-34. 2003
    ..These results are consistent with RGC axotomy inducing synthesis of one or more proteins that mediate oxidative amplification. This could be an early event in signaling of RGC apoptosis after axonal injury...
  28. ncbi The effects of oxidative stress on mitochondrial transmembrane potential in retinal ganglion cells
    Christopher J Lieven
    Antioxid Redox Signal 5:641-6. 2003
    ..This suggests that the hydrogen peroxide-induced depolarization may act through mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening independent of thiol oxidation, and may be preventable under certain conditions...
  29. ncbi Mechanisms of retinal ganglion specific-cell death in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
    Leonard A Levin
    Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 105:379-91. 2007
    ..Tighter regulation of superoxide levels in RGCs would prevent aberrant apoptosis signaling. LHON mtDNA mutations may interfere with superoxide regulation, possibly leading to aberrant RGC death and consequent optic neuropathy...
  30. ncbi Hypothesis: a venous etiology for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
    Leonard A Levin
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
    Arch Ophthalmol 126:1582-5. 2008
  31. ncbi Extrapolation of animal models of optic nerve injury to clinical trial design
    Leonard A Levin
    J Glaucoma 13:1-5. 2004
  32. ncbi Treatment of ischemic optic neuropathy
    Anthony C Arnold
    Jules Stein Eye Institue, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 7005, USA
    Semin Ophthalmol 17:39-46. 2002
    ..Neuroprotective strategies are under intense investigation for optic neuropathies including NAION, and clinical trials in humans are in progress. Optic nerve regeneration studies are ongoing in animals. Prophylaxis in NAION is unproven...

Research Grants7

  1. GENE EXPRESSION IN AXOTOMIZED RETINAL GANGLION CELLS
    Leonard Levin; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..As many of these diseases (e.g., normal-tension glaucoma and ischemic optic neuropathy) are not easily treatable, determination of the regulation of cell destructive and protective mechanisms could lead to innovative new therapies. ..
  2. Novel Mitochondrial Targeted Neuroprotectants for Glaucoma
    Leonard Levin; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....