Loic Le Marchand

..Here, we report on the results of a large and comprehensive study of the association between genetic variation in the AR gene and risk of breast cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)...

..Sensitivity of ancestry estimates to relative sample size was considered...

....

..It also suggests that this effect may be specific to advanced colon cancer...

..95; 95% CI, 1.35-2.83) than the colon (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92-1.45). These data suggest that the exon 1 G2133C missense variant in IGFBP3 may be a susceptibility factor for colorectal cancer...

..They also provide support for an inverse association between CYP1A2*1F and breast cancer, which is consistent with the observation of lower circulating estrogen levels in premenopausal women with the CC genotype in a previous study...

..These data provide additional evidence for the association of constitutional susceptibility factors, intense sun exposure (particularly before age 20 years), and alcohol consumption with melanoma risk...

..This study expands previous findings and suggests that vitamin B6 may be protective against the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis...

..An inverse association with plasma folate was also observed among individuals with a low level of alcohol intake. These data suggest an independent role for vitamin B6 in reducing colorectal cancer risk...

..This may, in turn, have important implications for targeting high-risk individuals for colonoscopy screening...

..Circulating levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) hormones have been associated with colorectal cancer risk, but few studies have examined their associations with colorectal adenoma...

....

..This is consistent with the role of MTHFR in facilitating the flow of folate for thymidylate and purine synthesis and with the increased nucleic acid need resulting from the hyperproliferative effect of HRT on mammary epithelial cells...

..Because a T-to-A polymorphism in the human GH1 gene at position 1663 is putatively associated with lower levels of GH and IGF-I, we investigated the relationship of this polymorphism to the risk of colorectal neoplasia...

..Given the strong biological rationale and the scarce and divergent epidemiologic data to date, additional investigations of the relationship between breast cancer and genetic variants in the TGF-beta signaling pathway appear warranted...

..A common adenine-to-guanine substitution polymorphism (A870G) in the CCND1 gene results in an altered messenger RNA transcript and a longer-life protein, which are preferentially encoded by the A allele...

..To investigate the possible relationship between intake of flavonoids-powerful dietary antioxidants that may also inhibit P450 enzymes-and lung cancer risk, we conducted a population-based, case-control study in Hawaii...

....

..Future research examining the possible relationship between isoprostanes and lung cancer is warranted...

....

..We investigated the modifying effects of NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms on the association of meat consumption, heterocyclic amine intake, and smoking with colorectal cancer risk...

..The bias may be large in case-only analysis of gene by gene interactions but it can be corrected by top PCs derived from all SNPs...

..The particularly low nicotine metabolism of Japanese smokers may contribute to their previously described decreased lung cancer risk...

..An attempt to examine the risk associated with specific HAAs suggested that the main HAAs increase risk of rectal cancer in men and that they do not appreciably affect risk of rectal cancer in women or of colon cancer in either sex...

..This multiethnic nested case-control study sought to examine the association of plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols with postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..This study suggests that the genomic region around ARNT rs12410394 may harbor variants associated with CRC...

..Given the large number of SNPs tested and the few borderline significant results, we only found weak evidence that genetic variations in IGFBP1 or IGFBP3 may be related to mammographic density. Ethnicity may modify these relations...

..If replicated, these genetic variants can be incorporated with other biomarkers to predict high-risk body fat distribution...

..The results suggest that further studies, with larger numbers, examining a possible interaction with the GSTP1 polymorphisms are warranted...

....

..These data suggest that the presence of two hOGG1 326Cys alleles confers a 2-fold increased risk of lung cancer. Additional studies need to be conducted to confirm this association...

..37 versus 1.76; P = 0.002). These data suggest that CYP1A2*1F is associated with lower circulating levels of E2, and that it may be a susceptibility locus for breast cancer...

..015). In conclusion, similar to whites, age at cohort entry, male sex, and susceptibility to sunburn phenotypes may be predictive of malignant melanoma risk in non-white populations excluding African Americans...

..07). Our results provide some support to the hypothesis that a diet rich in isoflavones from soy products reduces the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly in populations with comparatively high excretion of phytoestrogens...

..This cross-sectional analysis examined the relation between mammographic density and the CYP1A2*1F and COMT Val58 Met polymorphisms among 332 breast cancer cases and 254 controls in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort...

..This study provides the best evidence to date that the association between sex hormones and breast cancer risk is generalizable to an ethnically diverse population...

..We examined the association of circulating CoQ10 levels with prostate cancer risk, using prediagnostic blood samples...

..Diabetes has been positively associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. This study investigated whether recently established risk variants for diabetes also have effects on colorectal cancer...

..Number of cigarettes per day, even if it could be accurately assessed, is not an adequate measure of smoking dose...

..Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Our objective was to examine its association with polymorphisms identifying breast cancer susceptibility loci that were ascertained in recent genome-wide association studies...

..To examine the trends in the prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast cancer incidence trends and to explore whether the changes in risk factors differed by ethnicity in Hawaii over a 25-year period...

..46). In summary, this study provides evidence of an association between vitamin D status and reduced risk of colorectal cancer in an ethnically diverse population...

..Although our results do not support a role for meat or for HCAs from meat in the etiology of colorectal cancer, we cannot rule out the possibility of a modest effect...

..None of these missense SNPs were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. Our findings provide no evidence that missense SNPs in IGF2R influence breast cancer susceptibility..

..The goal of this project was to investigate the trends and predictors of cigarette smoking among a population of Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Native Hawaiians...

..We examined the association of plasma CoQ10 levels with postmenopausal breast cancer risk using prospectively collected blood samples...

..These data provide additional support for the hypothesis that nitrosamines are carcinogenic to the rectum in humans and that RM and, in particular, PMs are significant sources of exposure for these compounds...

..Thus, exposure and detoxification of NNK are unlikely to explain, by themselves, the differences in LC risk among the 3 populations studied...

..These results suggest that a haplotype containing SNP rs11466345 at the 3' end of TGFB1 is associated with genetic susceptibility to colorectal neoplasia...

..Dietary fat, including specific fatty acids, has been proposed to contribute to prostate cancer pathogenesis, but findings from the studies based on biomarkers have been conflicting...

..To investigate the association of dietary fiber with colorectal cancer..

..Composition of dietary fatty acid intake, which influences cytokine production, may contribute to the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Serum lipid levels may serve as biomarkers of inflammation associated with NHL risk...

..These data provide support for a protective role of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables in the etiology of NHL...

..No heterogeneity was observed across race/ethnic groups. Our findings suggest that the obesity risk variants are not likely to affect the risk of colorectal cancer substantially...

..Our data suggest lower mammographic density for women carrying the COMT and CYP1A2 variant alleles than for women carrying the common alleles, though this is the opposite of what is commonly hypothesized from the enzyme function...

..To describe trends in BMI among different ethnic groups in Hawaii and to explore the relation of nutrient and food intake with excess weight...

..These data suggest that, in combination with meat intake, some proportion of the international variability in CRC incidence may be attributable to genetic susceptibility to heterocyclic amines, as determined by NAT2 genotype...

..18, 95% CI: 0.95-4.98); there was no association with second-degree family history. These findings support the hypothesis that maternal and intrauterine hormone-related exposures are associated with age at menarche...

..05). Few significant differences in risk by levels of the MMPs were found by any of the clinical variables. Circulating MMPs were not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..Increased exposure of colonic and rectal epithelial cells to the promitotic and antiapoptotic effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) is hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer risk...

..We examine the association of antioxidants and 15-isoprostane F(2t) with risk of prostate cancer...

..6, 95% CI: 1.0-13; p (interaction) = 0.0035). Our findings observed here between serum IGF-I and malignant melanoma warrants replication in studies with a larger sample size and a prospective design...

..To develop of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) to assess intake of specific foods, nutrients and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in a case-control study of colorectal adenoma...

..The data from this large study corroborate previous reports of a positive association between smoking and colorectal cancer and suggest that the association may vary by type of cigarette...

....

..Characterization of abdominal and intra-abdominal fat requires imaging, and thus is not feasible in large epidemiologic studies...

....

..In conclusion, Asian adolescents have a higher trunk:peripheral fat ratio than Whites. Adolescent bi-iliac breadth (positively) and birthweight (negatively) are associated with more body fat on the trunk vs. periphery during adolescence...

..This review focuses on the biological effects of the main flavonoids, as well as the epidemiologic evidence that support their potential cancer protective properties...

..The study will generate a better biological understanding of the disease on which to base new prevention and therapeutic approaches. ..

....

..abstract_text> ..

..par \par } ..

..The study will generate a better biological understanding of the disease on which to base new prevention and therapeutic approaches. ..

..It may also provide a means to identify susceptible sub-groups which may particularly benefit from intensive screening and/or primary prevention with non-steroidal inflammatory drugs. ..

..Genotyping for random markers will permit to exclude residual confounding by ethnicity. ..

..Allele-specific PCR amplification will also be used to identify mutations at codons 12 and 13 of the K-ras gene in tumor tissue from the cases. DNA will also be stored for future examination of other germline and somatic mutations. ..

..The elucidation of the main enzymes responsible for carcinogen activation and of the impact of dietary factors on these enzymes would have important implications for cancer prevention. ..

..abstract_text> ..