Burton J Kushner

..Rectus muscle transposition to treat pattern strabismus or torsion may have an adverse outcome if the surgeon is unaware that it will affect both pattern strabismus and torsion in contradictory ways...

..If monovision is not present, check old refraction and motility records, and correct any residual refractive error. Strabismus may need to be treated with surgery, orthoptic exercises, or prisms...

..To investigate the relationship between objective and subjective torsion in patients with cyclovertical strabismus and determine whether objective torsion differs according to which eye is fixing...

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..To determine if ocular torsion is a major cause of A and V patterns and oblique muscle overaction or merely a contributing factor...

..To study patients with monofixation and presumed intermittent exotropia with monofixation with the specific intent of determining if they should be categorized as separate diagnostic entity than intermittent exotropes with bifoveal fusion...

..To describe the clinical features, etiology, and management of superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome...

..This remodeling may result from vergence adaptation or from any change in neural stimulus to the muscle. There is substantial evidence to suggest that both of these theoretical possibilities may likely occur...

..This remodeling may occur as a result of vergence adaptation or any change in neural stimulus to the muscle. There is substantial evidence to suggest that both these theoretical possibilities may likely occur...

..Most likely it is the recession or resection itself that affects the outcome...

..If an adult with strabismus is under the impression, or was told, they cannot be treated, or that treatment is risky, they should consider a referral to an ophthalmologist specifically specialising in strabismus...

..To report results of extraocular muscle surgery for superior oblique myokymia when medical treatment fails...

..Organ and bone marrow transplantation commonly are performed in children. Ocular complications usually are described as secondary to post-transplantation medications. The complication rate is unknown...

..To report the surgical treatment of hypertropia coexisting with exotropia, with either vertical offset surgery or additional vertical muscle surgery simultaneous to correction of the exotropia...

..To evaluate the outcomes of Harada-Ito surgery in correcting various types of torsional diplopia...

..This procedure involves suturing the corners of the muscle firmly to the sclera and placing the center of the muscle on an adjustable suture. This study evaluates semiadjustable suture surgery with respect to muscle slippage...

..To investigate the incidence of persistent intractable diplopia in adults undergoing surgery for long-standing, constant strabismus and to define tests that may be useful for identifying patients at risk for developing this complication...

..To describe the occurrence of superior oblique (SO) tendon damage resulting from upper eyelid surgery and to explain its cause and treatment...

..It has been described in the settings of marked uncorrected anisometropia, dissociated strabismus or combinations of paresis, and mechanical restriction of eye movement...

..2) By what mechanism does strabismus surgery work? (3) What is the role of orbital imaging in the management of strabismus? (4) What is the role of refractive surgery in the treatment of patients with amblyopia and strabismus?..

..CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of anisometropic amblyopia with spectacles alone can be a successful option. Patients treated with spectacles alone may experience a lower amblyopia recurrence rate than those treated with occlusion therapy...

..To describe the clinical features, etiology, prevention, and treatment of the inferior oblique muscle (IO) adherence syndrome...

..The elimination of most of the counterrolling by the end of head tilt is necessary to preserve convergence and stereopsis...

..Patients with superior oblique muscle palsy often assume a compensatory head tilt to the contralateral side of the affected eye. This tilt serves to decrease the hypertropia and, in theory, might decrease the excyclotropia...

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..To assign more specific pathophysiologic processes to the protean patterns of extraocular muscle "overaction" that we see in clinical practice...

..CONCLUSIONS: When the cause of an abnormal head posture is not obvious, a multi-disciplinary approach including ophthalmologic, neurologic, and orthopedic specialists may be helpful...