Lewis Kuller

..The epidemiologist would then become little more than a collector of study subjects and a distributor of the various specimens to the laboratories...

..Preventive therapy must begin much earlier than before clinical diagnosis of diabetes and aim to initially lower blood insulin levels or insulin resistance...

..Long-term maintenance of successful lifestyle changes, weight loss and reduced risk factors is the hurdle for lifestyle interventions attempting to prevent CV and other chronic diseases...

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..This study was designed to assess the role of this polymorphism in breast cancer susceptibility in Nigerian women...

..Primary prevention trials for vascular disease should include a dementia component. Most, if not all, studies should include newer imaging studies...

..Assessment of white matter disease may be valuable in assessing future risk of stroke...

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..The authors evaluated 3,375 participants without dementia at the time of MRI in 1991 to 1994 over 5.7 years for incident dementia and type of dementia...

..The phenomenological approach alone will improve our descriptions of disease but may not result in reducing disease burden in human populations...

..In spite of negative studies, the possibility remains that statin therapy may reduce risk of dementia and AD. Primary prevention trials are difficult and expensive and will likely not be done in the United States...

..In this paper, we present the results of changes in risk factors by use of hormone therapy (HT) at 18 months in the Women On the Move through Activity and Nutrition (WOMAN) randomized trial...

..Low WMG and VG on MRI is a powerful determinant of long-term survival among older individuals...

..Careful monitoring of the evolving epidemic of CHD, including noninvasive evaluation of atherosclerosis, is important. A high-risk approach is very successful but expensive...

..New risk factors and diseases evolve from the upper to lower social classes, while preventive therapies evolve from the upper to lower education groups...

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..The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is very high among individuals 65 years or older...

..Number of HDL particles, especially medium-sized HDL particles and WBC count were independent predictors of CHD death among men with MetSyn...

..Comparison of risk factors and cardiovascular disease among racial and ethnic groups is a powerful approach to study genetics and lifestyle, or environmental interactions...

..The increased risk of CHD and stroke with E+P therapy may be attributable to rise in VLDL triglycerides and thrombosis...

..Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was a preplanned secondary outcome of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. The trial previously reported that Ginkgo biloba had no effect on the primary outcome, incident dementia...

..It will be important but difficult to translate the results of the trials to community practice under the current health care system...

..The evidence to date supports tight control of BP levels, especially beginning at younger and middle age as a possible and perhaps only way to prevent dementia...

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..The modern era of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research began in the early 1980s with the establishment of AD research centers and expanded research programs at the National Institute on Aging...

..The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of lower back pain and associated leg pain/numbness in postmenopausal Caucasian women and the relationship of these symptoms to health status and function...

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..The findings from this study have shown that sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive variables and anthropometric measures are significant predictors of breast cancer risk in Nigerian women...

..The results suggest that a wide panel of cytokines may be measured simultaneously from one sample. There is large unexplained variability in cytokine levels that is probably due to genetic-environmental associations...

..Ginkgo biloba is widely used for its potential effects on memory and cognition. To date, adequately powered clinical trials testing the effect of G. biloba on dementia incidence are lacking...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the menopause transition is associated with accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis progression and that a diet/exercise intervention slows menopause-related atherosclerosis progression...

..The herbal product Ginkgo biloba is taken frequently with the intention of improving cognitive health in aging. However, evidence from adequately powered clinical trials is lacking regarding its effect on long-term cognitive functioning...

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..We take a unique approach by evaluating lumen and interadventitial diameters in addition to intima-media thickness and plaque...

..To estimate the incidence and prevalence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) cohort...

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..Women at mid-life should continue to be targeted for weight interventions to reduce their risk for more serious cardiovascular complications...

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..We sought to examine whether marine-derived n-3 fatty acids are associated with less atherosclerosis in Japanese versus white populations in the U.S...

..The association of serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with lipids in different populations is not known...

..CONCLUSIONS: Considering obesity as a body mass index of 30 or higher may lead to misinterpretation of individual and population risks. Escalating extreme obesity may exacerbate health effects and costs of the obesity epidemic...

..We evaluated the change in lipids, inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers with decline in kidney function in a nested case-cohort study in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based study of adults aged >65 years...

..4% for black women. CONCLUSION: The CHS has developed a methodology for longitudinal studies of dementia in large cohorts and represents the largest study of dementia including cognitive testing, MRI and genetic markers...

..Higher BMI was associated with lower brain volumes in overweight and obese elderly subjects. Obesity is therefore associated with detectable brain volume deficits in cognitively normal elderly subjects...

..Trait optimism (positive future expectations) and cynical, hostile attitudes toward others have not been studied together in relation to incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality in postmenopausal women...

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..Our aim is to evaluate the association between both these measures of arterial stiffness and coronary calcification (CAC), in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, without apparent cardiovascular disease...

..This study aims to conduct a multi-level analysis to examine the relationship between neighborhood SES and weight-related health behaviors...

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..Participant smoking, income, education, and cardiovascular disease histories were obtained from the CHS database and were included as factors...

..To compare the trajectories of cognitive decline between groups with, and without, the later development of psychotic symptoms during Alzheimer disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI)...

..To determine the relationship between depressed mood and the development of Alzheimer disease in cognitively normal individuals...

..However, women with favorable lipid levels, especially LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio <2.5, did not have increased risk of coronary heart disease with CEE with or without MPA irrespective of hs-CRP...

..Observational studies and polyp recurrence trials are not conclusive regarding the effects of a low-fat dietary pattern on risk of colorectal cancer, necessitating a primary prevention trial...

..While high adiposity in middle age appears to be related to greater dementia risk, studies exploring this association in the elderly are conflicting...

..These observations provide clues for future mechanistic studies...

..09; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.17). We conclude that the hyperuricemia-hypertension risk relationship is present among normotensive middle-aged men without diabetes/glucose intolerance or metabolic syndrome...

..This study's objective was to determine if the association between physical activity and lipids and lipoprotein subclasses in postmenopausal women varies by hormone therapy (HT) use...

..It is important to understand the early development of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women to prevent costly morbidity and mortality associated with CVD events...

..CONCLUSIONS: PAI-1 levels were significantly lower in American than in Japanese men and the determinants of PAI-1 levels differ for American and Japanese men aged 40-49...

..We evaluated whether pessimists are more likely to show progression in carotid disease than optimists...

..Thus, for middle-aged women going through the menopausal transition, it is never too late to reduce their cardiovascular risk by increasing their activity level...

..To determine the effectiveness of treatment with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or with CEE combined with progestin (CEE + P) on age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..Cross-sectional results indicate that reduced GMV may be associated with excess body weight...

..To examine the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a longitudinal population study-the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study...

..To determine the associations between depression, cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in women with SLE and controls...

..To examine the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its diagnostic classification in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cognition Study...

..A clearer understanding of the physiology of obesity will allow physicians who treat the obese to develop better strategies to promote weight loss and improve the well-being of millions of individuals...

..To evaluate pre- and postoperative clinical parameters associated with improvement of diabetes up to 4 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)...

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..We hypothesized that increased HIV-RNA levels following ART interruption induced activation of tissue factor pathways, thrombosis, and fibrinolysis...

..Further study is needed to investigate the impact of a decline in mental health and social functioning on future weight regain...

..A similar pattern was observed for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Mechanisms to explain the observed relations deserve further study...

..We aimed to evaluate levels of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and coronary risk factors in Korean and Japanese men in the post-World War II birth cohort...

..S.). We examined whether the differences in D-dimer and vWF levels are associated with differences in atherosclerosis between the two populations...

..Long-term health characteristics and quality of life in patients with breast implants are important issues in plastic surgery...

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..The majority of decedents were white females who remained morbidly obese after bariatric surgery. Only 2 decedents died of direct inadvertent/accidental surgical complications...

..Studies of prostate cancer etiology and chemoprevention need to focus on middle-aged or younger men with longer follow-up...

..The lifestyle intervention was clinically effective in all subsets of an ethnically and demographically diverse population...

..Inflammatory and prothrombotic markers are predictors for a change in kidney function in elderly individuals. Interventions that reduce inflammation might confer significant cardiovascular and renal benefits...

..Whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a risk factor for heart failure (HF) is not clear. The presence of coronary heart disease and alcohol consumption in this population may confound this association...

..CONCLUSIONS: Small LDL, the size of LDL particles, and the greater number of LDL particles are related to incident coronary heart disease among older women...

..Estrogen metabolism differs according to both BMI and HT use, potentially explaining the interaction between BMI and HT in relation to breast cancer risk...

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..The purpose of this study was to compare stroke incidence and mortality rates in 4 US communities...

..CONCLUSION: In this study, no association between visceral adipose tissue and adenomatous polyp recurrence was observed. Further study and exploration of the role of VAT in adenoma progression is required...

..These findings suggest that modulators of fibrinolytic activity may have a generalized influence on aging, and merit further investigation in studies of genetic determinants of human longevity...

..Short-term prospective studies have shown physical activity to be related to functional status. To our knowledge, the association between physical activity levels and functional status over a longer period has not been established...

..This study provides additional support for the CFH and LOC387715 genes in ARM susceptibility via the evaluation of cohorts that had different ascertainment schemes regarding ARM status and through the meta-analyses...

..Satisfaction with sexual activity is important for health-related quality of life, but little is known about the sexual health of postmenopausal women...

..The projected number of fractures was similar to or exceeded the combined number of cardiovascular events and breast cancers. Osteoporosis prevention efforts should target women of all ethnicities...

..This overview focuses on attitudes and CVD, but has broader implications for understanding how psychological factors relate to chronic diseases of adulthood...

..To evaluate the association of HIV infection and cumulative exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with the presence and extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC)...

..We investigated the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and CRP and their joint roles in CVD prediction...

..We investigated whether elevated CRP is a risk factor for ischemic stroke independent of carotid IMT and studied the interaction between CRP and IMT...

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..They further note that the identification of early and modifiable risk factors for subclinical disease should lead to prevention or reduction of clinical cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. ..

..NMR spectroscopy of lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and estrogen metabolites will also be evaluated. Therefore, the primary goal of this trial is the modification of measures of subclinical disease among HRT users. ..

..The HWS follow up provides a unique opportunity to study the development of new coronary Ca and progression of coronary Ca and relationship to both pre- and postmenopausal risk factors. ..

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..They state that it has become the cornerstone of a major research effort in women's health...

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