Research Topics
| K A KrohnSummaryAffiliation: University of Washington Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
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Detail Information
Publications
Novel imaging approaches to head and neck cancerKenneth A Krohn
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 6004, USA
Semin Oncol 35:262-73. 2008....
What is in a number? The FDG lumped constant in the rat brainKenneth A Krohn
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 48:5-7. 2007- Challenges in clinical studies with multiple imaging probesKenneth A Krohn
Radiology Department, Molecular Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 6004, USA
Nucl Med Biol 34:879-85. 2007..The purpose of this article is to promote a critical discussion within the molecular imaging community because our future value to the overall biomedical community will be in supporting better treatment outcomes rather than in detection... - Interpreting enzyme and receptor kinetics: keeping it simple, but not too simpleKenneth A Krohn
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 6004, USA
Nucl Med Biol 30:819-26. 2003..Receptor binding may be measured directly by a concentration assay or as a pharmacodynamic response variable... - The physical chemistry of ligand-receptor binding identifies some limitations to the analysis of receptor imagesK A Krohn
Imaging Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Box 356004, Seattle, WA 98195 6004, USA
Nucl Med Biol 28:477-83. 2001.... 
Molecular imaging of hypoxiaKenneth A Krohn
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 6004, USA
J Nucl Med 49:129S-48S. 2008..Hypoxia imaging in support of molecular medicine has become an important success story over the last decade and provides a model and some important lessons for development of new molecular imaging probes or techniques...- Kinetic characterization of hexokinase isoenzymes from glioma cells: implications for FDG imaging of human brain tumorsM Muzi
Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Nucl Med Biol 28:107-16. 2001..These results also suggest that a shift from HK I to HK II, which has been observed to increase in brain tumors, would have little effect on the value of the tumor LC... - Quantitative metrics of net proliferation and invasion link biological aggressiveness assessed by MRI with hypoxia assessed by FMISO-PET in newly diagnosed glioblastomasMindy D Szeto
Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
Cancer Res 69:4502-9. 2009..04). Moreover, highly significant positive correlations were found between biological aggressiveness ratio (rho/D) and both RH (P < 0.00003) and the mean T/B (P < 0.0007)... - Different modes of transport for 3H-thymidine, 3H-FLT, and 3H-FMAU in proliferating and nonproliferating human tumor cellsDavid A Plotnik
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 51:1464-71. 2010.... - Hypoxia imaging-directed radiation treatment planningJ G Rajendran
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33:44-53. 2006..As a case example, we review emerging data on PET imaging of hypoxia to direct radiotherapy... - Imaging cellular proliferation as a measure of response to therapyK A Krohn
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Research Laboratory Box 356004, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6004, USA
J Clin Pharmacol . 2001..Patient imaging using the PET thymidine analogs is at an earlier stage but appears promising as a clinically feasible approach to cellular proliferation imaging... - True tracers: comparing FDG with glucose and FLT with thymidineKenneth A Krohn
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6004, USA
Nucl Med Biol 32:663-71. 2005..The fidelity with which analog tracers mimic tracers of the authentic substrate is critically evaluated for [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose and [(18)F]-3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine... - [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose transport kinetics as a function of extracellular glucose concentration in malignant glioma, fibroblast and macrophage cells in vitroRobert C Burrows
Molecular Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
Nucl Med Biol 31:1-9. 2004..The results show that extracellular glucose concentration has a greater impact on the rate of FDG accumulation than the relative abundance of GLUT transporter subtypes... - Quantitative imaging of estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer with PET and 18F-fluoroestradiolLanell M Peterson
Department of Radiology, University of Washington Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
J Nucl Med 49:367-74. 2008..We therefore compared (18)F-FES uptake with ER expression assayed in vitro by IHC with both qualitative and semiquantitative measures... - Kinetic analysis of 2-[11C]thymidine PET imaging studies of malignant brain tumors: preliminary patient resultsJoanne M Wells
University of Washington, USA
Mol Imaging 1:145-50. 2002..Ongoing studies will evaluate its role in measuring response to treatment and predicting outcome... - Volumetric analysis of 18F-FDG PET in glioblastoma multiforme: prognostic information and possible role in definition of target volumes in radiation dose escalationKevin S Tralins
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
J Nucl Med 43:1667-73. 2002..18)F-FDG PET volumes were predictive of survival and time to tumor progression in the treatment of patients with GBM... - The FDG lumped constant in normal human brainMichael M Graham
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
J Nucl Med 43:1157-66. 2002..The lumped constant (LC) is a correction factor used to infer glucose metabolic rate (MR(glc)) from FDG metabolic rate (MR(FDG))... - [(18)F]FMISO and [(18)F]FDG PET imaging in soft tissue sarcomas: correlation of hypoxia, metabolism and VEGF expressionJ G Rajendran
Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30:695-704. 2003..Identification of hypoxia and development of a more complete biologic profile of STS will serve to guide more rational, individualized cancer treatment approaches... - [18F]fluoroestradiol radiation dosimetry in human PET studiesD A Mankoff
Departments of Radiology and Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 42:679-84. 2001..FES is a useful estrogen receptor-imaging agent, and the potential radiation risks associated with this study are well within accepted limits... - Kinetic analysis of 3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine in patients with gliomasMark Muzi
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 6004, USA
J Nucl Med 47:1612-21. 2006..Uptake may result from retention in the biosynthetic pathway or leakage via the disrupted blood-tumor barrier. Visual analysis or static measures of 18F-FLT uptake are problematic as transport and retention cannot be distinguished... - Tumor hypoxia imaging with [F-18] fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography in head and neck cancerJoseph G Rajendran
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle 98195, USA
Clin Cancer Res 12:5435-41. 2006..F-18] fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) has the ability to noninvasively quantify regional hypoxia. We investigated the prognostic effect of pretherapy FMISO-PET on survival in head and neck cancer... - Monitoring targeted therapy: is fluorodeoxylucose uptake a marker of early response?Hannah M Linden
Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Clin Cancer Res 12:5608-10. 2006 - Quantitative fluoroestradiol positron emission tomography imaging predicts response to endocrine treatment in breast cancerHannah M Linden
Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
J Clin Oncol 24:2793-9. 2006..We tested the ability of FES-PET imaging to predict response to salvage hormonal treatment in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients, predominantly treated with aromatase inhibitors... - [11C]metahydroxyephedrine and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography improve clinical decision making in suspected pheochromocytomaGary N Mann
Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Box 356410, 1959 N E Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Ann Surg Oncol 13:187-97. 2006..We evaluated whether positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with the combination of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and the norepinephrine analogue [11C]metahydroxyephedrine (mHED) would allow more exact diagnosis and localization... - Molecular imaging research in the outcomes era: measuring outcomes for individualized cancer therapyDavid A Mankoff
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Radiology, 2nd Floor, 825 Eastlake Avenue East, PO Box 19023, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Acad Radiol 14:398-405. 2007 - 18F-FluoroestradiolLavanya Sundararajan
Department of Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
Semin Nucl Med 37:470-6. 2007..Preliminary data strongly point toward potential clinical utility for FES-PET, motivating further validation and future clinical trials with prospective endpoints tested under appropriate regulatory oversight... - Regional hypoxia in glioblastoma multiforme quantified with [18F]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography before radiotherapy: correlation with time to progression and survivalAlexander M Spence
Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Clin Cancer Res 14:2623-30. 2008.... - Tumor receptor imagingDavid A Mankoff
Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
J Nucl Med 49:149S-63S. 2008.... - NCI-sponsored trial for the evaluation of safety and preliminary efficacy of FLT as a marker of proliferation in patients with recurrent gliomas: safety studiesAlexander M Spence
Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Box 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195 6004, USA
Mol Imaging Biol 10:271-80. 2008..The goal of this study was to prove that the dose of FLT used for positron emission tomography imaging produces no significant toxicity... - Site-specific labeling of annexin V with F-18 for apoptosis imagingXuehe Li
Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Bioconjug Chem 19:1684-8. 2008..Erythrocyte binding assay of [(18)F]FAN-128 showed that this modification of annexin V-128 did not compromise its membrane binding affinity. Thus, an in vivo investigation of [ (18)F]FAN-128 as an apoptosis imaging agent is warranted... - Complementary but distinct roles for MRI and 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET in the assessment of human glioblastomasKristin R Swanson
Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 50:36-44. 2009..Given the role of hypoxia in upregulating angiogenic factors, we hypothesized that the distribution of hypoxia seen on 18F-FMISO is correlated spatially and quantitatively with the amount of leaky neovasculature seen on T1Gd... - NCI-sponsored trial for the evaluation of safety and preliminary efficacy of 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine (FLT) as a marker of proliferation in patients with recurrent gliomas: preliminary efficacy studiesAlexander M Spence
Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Mailstop 356465, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Mol Imaging Biol 11:343-55. 2009..The goals were to explore the capacity of FLT-positron emission tomography (PET) to distinguish between recurrence and radionecrosis in gliomas and compare the results to those obtained with 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose (FDG)... - Tumor-specific positron emission tomography imaging in patients: [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and beyondDavid A Mankoff
University of Washington and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington, USA
Clin Cancer Res 13:3460-9. 2007.... - [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for targeting radiation dose escalation for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: clinical outcomes and patterns of failureJames G Douglas
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195 6043, USA
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64:886-91. 2006..Based on these premises, we initiated a prospective study of FDG-PET for the treatment planning of radiation dose escalation for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme... - Evaluation of 18F-annexin V as a PET imaging agent in an animal model of apoptosisKevin J Yagle
Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 46:658-66. 2005..Because one of the earliest measurable events in apoptosis is the eversion of phosphatidylserine from the inner membrane leaflet to the outer cell surface, annexin V has proven useful for detecting the earliest stages of apoptosis... - Effect of p53 activation on cell growth, thymidine kinase-1 activity, and 3'-deoxy-3'fluorothymidine uptakeJeffrey L Schwartz
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356069, Seattle, WA 98195 6069, USA
Nucl Med Biol 31:419-23. 2004..We conclude that a functional p53 response is required to maintain the normal relationship between TK1 activity and S phase percentage following radiation exposure... - Hypoxia and glucose metabolism in malignant tumors: evaluation by [18F]fluoromisonidazole and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imagingJoseph G Rajendran
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
Clin Cancer Res 10:2245-52. 2004..Although acute hypoxia results in accelerated glycolysis, cellular metabolism is slowed in chronic hypoxia, prompting us to look for discordance between FMISO and FDG uptake... - Production of [F-18]fluoroannexin for imaging apoptosis with PETJohn R Grierson
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 91895, USA
Bioconjug Chem 15:373-9. 2004..F-18]Fluoroannexin should prove useful in imaging targeted apoptosis... - Systematic screening of potential beta-cell imaging agentsIan R Sweet
Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 314:976-83. 2004..In vivo tests of the biodistribution of glibenclamide and fluorodithizone in rats indicated that the compounds were not specifically associated with pancreas, bearing out the predictions of the in vitro screen... - Monitoring tumor cell proliferation by targeting DNA synthetic processes with thymidine and thymidine analogsJeffrey L Schwartz
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 6069, USA
J Nucl Med 44:2027-32. 2003..The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis and determine how well these tracers track changes in proliferation of tumor cells... - 18F-Fluorothymidine radiation dosimetry in human PET imaging studiesHubert Vesselle
Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 44:1482-8. 2003..We estimated the radiation dosimetry for this tracer from data gathered in patient studies... - Dynamic perifusion to maintain and assess isolated pancreatic isletsIan R Sweet
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
Diabetes Technol Ther 4:67-76. 2002..The ability to systematically assess the metabolic and functional viability of islets will facilitate the optimization of islet isolation procedures, islet transplantation studies, and islet storage methodologies... - 2-[(18)F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose and glucose uptake in malignant gliomas before and after radiotherapy: correlation with outcomeAlexander M Spence
Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Clin Cancer Res 8:971-9. 2002..Changes in metabolism between the start and finish of RT, and immediate post-RT studies have received little attention... - Metabolism of 3'-deoxy-3'-[F-18]fluorothymidine in proliferating A549 cells: validations for positron emission tomographyJohn R Grierson
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 6004, USA
Nucl Med Biol 31:829-37. 2004..Despite the fact that FLT lacks the 3'-hydroxy necessary for its incorporation into DNA it out performed both FMAU and FIAU in terms of uptake and retention... - Kinetic analysis of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine PET studies: validation studies in patients with lung cancerMark Muzi
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 6465, USA
J Nucl Med 46:274-82. 2005..Compartmental modeling results were compared with simple model-independent methods of estimating FLT uptake... - Kinetic modeling of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine in somatic tumors: mathematical studiesMark Muzi
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 6465, USA
J Nucl Med 46:371-80. 2005..The model reflects the retention of FLT-monophosphate (FLTMP), which is generated by the phosphorylation of FLT by thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), the initial step in the exogenous pathway... - 18F-FDG PET of gliomas at delayed intervals: improved distinction between tumor and normal gray matterAlexander M Spence
Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Nucl Med 45:1653-9. 2004.... - Non-invasive imaging of beta cell mass: a quantitative analysisIan R Sweet
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
Diabetes Technol Ther 6:652-9. 2004..However, beta cells constitute only about 1% of pancreatic mass and are distributed throughout the pancreas within tiny islets of Langerhans that are each less than the spatial resolution of non-invasive imaging technologies... - PET imaging of cellular proliferationDavid A Mankoff
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Room NN203, Box 356113, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Radiol Clin North Am 43:153-67. 2005.... - Imaging hypoxia and angiogenesis in tumorsJoseph G Rajendran
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Box 356113, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Radiol Clin North Am 43:169-87. 2005.... - Importance of pre-treatment radiation absorbed dose estimation for radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomaJ F Eary
University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Seattle 98195 6113, USA
Nucl Med Biol 24:635-8. 1997..Treatment trials that do not provide dose estimates for critical normal organs are less likely to succeed in identifying a clinical role for radioimmunotherapy... - Kinetic analysis of 2-[11C]thymidine PET imaging studies of malignant brain tumors: compartmental model investigation and mathematical analysisJoanne M Wells
University of Washington, USA
Mol Imaging 1:151-9. 2002..CONCLUSION: Our model adequately describes normal brain and brain tumor kinetics for thymidine and its metabolites, and it can provide an estimate of the rate of cellular proliferation in brain tumors... - Evaluation of alternative approaches for imaging cellular growthK A Krohn
Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-6004, USA
Q J Nucl Med 45:174-8. 2001..Thus imaging with labeled thymidine, which is incorporated into DNA but not into RNA, provides definitive evidence of a cell that is proliferating and, therefore, whether it has responded to treatment... - Multinuclear NMR studies of an actively dividing artificial tumorE G Shankland
Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
Physiol Res 51:49-58. 2002..These data further suggest that this system will be useful for studying the physiology and biochemistry of exponentially growing cells for at least two days in NMR tube culture... - Production of [11C]CH3I by single pass reaction of [11C]CH4 with I2J M Link
Imaging Research Laboratory, UW Medical Center University of Washington, Seattle 98195 6004, USA
Nucl Med Biol 24:93-7. 1997..The yield of [11C]CH3I was > 50% from [11C]CH4I; its specific activity was 12,000 Ci/mmole. The synthesis takes only 4 min after 11CH4 production and can be repeated without system cleanup... - Biodistribution of yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD45 antibody in a nonhuman primate modelEneida R Nemecek
Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Clin Cancer Res 11:787-94. 2005..We evaluated the organ localization of yttrium-90-labeled anti-CD45 ((90)Y-anti-CD45) antibody in macaques, a model that had previously predicted iodine-131-labeled anti-CD45 ((131)I-anti-CD45) antibody biodistribution in humans... - Molecular imaging of regional brain tumor biologyA M Spence
Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
J Cell Biochem Suppl 39:25-35. 2002..g., epidermal growth factor receptor, that promote or suppress cellular malignant behavior... - The progress and promise of molecular imaging probes in oncologic drug developmentGary J Kelloff
Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Clin Cancer Res 11:7967-85. 2005..The current regulatory opportunities for new and existing probe development and testing are also reviewed, with a focus on recent Food and Drug Administration guidance to facilitate early clinical development of promising probes... - Quantitative positron emission tomography imaging to measure tumor response to therapy: what is the best method?David A Mankoff
Mol Imaging Biol 5:281-5. 2003 - Positron emission tomography-guided conformal fast neutron therapy for glioblastoma multiformeKeith J Stelzer
Celilo Radiation Therapy, Mid Columbia Medical Center, Dalles, OR, USA
Neuro Oncol 10:88-92. 2008..Steep dose-response curves for both tumor control and neurotoxicity continue to present a challenge to establishing a therapeutic window for fast neutron radiation in GBM, even with modern techniques... - Hypoxia: importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapyJames L Tatum
National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Room 6000, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852 7440, USA
Int J Radiat Biol 82:699-757. 2006.... - Imaging oxygenation of human tumoursAnwar R Padhani
Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN, UK
Eur Radiol 17:861-72. 2007..We discuss where developments are required for hypoxia imaging to become clinically useful and explore potential new uses for hypoxia imaging techniques including biological conformal radiotherapy... - Are there lessons to be learned from drug development that will accelerate the use of molecular imaging probes in the clinic?William C Eckelman
The Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 92093 0819, USA
Nucl Med Biol 32:657-62. 2005..This article explores the possible analogies between current targeted drug development and molecular imaging-targeted probe development with the goal of better defining the path to new molecular imaging probes for the clinic...
Research Grants
- NUCLEAR IMAGING OF TUMORS--BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL BASISKenneth Krohn; Fiscal Year: 2001..abstract_text> ..
- Cyclotron for PET Isotope ProductionKenneth Krohn; Fiscal Year: 2002..This cyclotron will be a productive research tool at UW for at least 20 years, well beyond the lifetime of most high-end instrumentation. ..
- FUNCTIONAL IMAGING & MASS ANALYSIS OF PANCREATIC B CELLSKenneth Krohn; Fiscal Year: 2002....