Arnold Kriegstein

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..Identification of NSCs and IPCs is critical to understand brain development and adult neurogenesis and to develop new strategies for brain repair...

..Herein we summarize the current status and future perspectives of cell-based therapies in the treatment of epilepsy...

..These findings provide mechanistic and structural support for a gap junction-mediated interaction between migrating interneurons and radial glia during the switch from tangential to radial migration...

..We propose a model for predicting daughter cell fate that considers precursor cell type, stage of development, and the planar segregation of fate determinants...

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..Transplantation of cells derived through the manipulation of pluripotent stem cells may involve great uncertainty and the possibility of serious risks...

..To maintain public trust, research institutions need to justify why they allow researchers to use lines whose derivation would not have been permitted locally...

..We propose that the evolution of this two-step pattern of neurogenesis played an important role in the amplification of cell numbers underlying the radial and tangential expansion of the cerebral cortex...

..Gaining insight into the developmental genetics of macroglia has great potential to improve our understanding of a variety of neurological disorders in humans...

..In this model, a temporal sequence of gene expression changes in asymmetrically dividing self-renewed RG cells could lead to the differential inheritance of cell identity genes in cortical cells generated at different cell cycles...

..These findings have refined our understanding of cortical neurogenesis, with implications for understanding the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and for their potential treatment...

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..Gap junctions are thus emerging as multifaceted regulators of cortical development playing diverse roles in intercellular communication...

..Here, we present recent evidence supporting the multiple functions of GABA during embryonic development and adult neurogenesis, from regulating progenitor proliferation to influencing the migration and maturation of newborn neurons...

..Lack of attention to the special ethical concerns raised by clinical trials of hESC transplantation and their implications for the derivation of new hESC lines may undermine or delay progress toward stem cell therapies...

..The establishment of non-ventricular radial glia-like cells may have been a critical evolutionary advance underlying increased cortical size and complexity in the human brain...

..These findings provide a comprehensive and new view of the dynamics of cortical neurogenesis and migration...

..These new findings have increased our understanding of the mechanisms underlying certain developmental disorders and, in doing so, reveal potentially useful modes of therapeutic intervention...

..Our data suggest that MGE cell transplantation into the striatum is a promising approach to investigate the potential benefits of remodeling basal ganglia circuitry in neurodegenerative diseases...

..These findings highlight the important but complex role of radial glia as participants in key steps of brain development...

..These data provide novel evidence for the presence of a neurogenic niche for intermediate progenitors in the embryonic SVZ and suggest blood vessels are important for proper patterning of neurogenesis...

..demonstrate that postmitotic Nkx2-1 regulates migration and sorting of interneurons to the striatum or cortex by controlling the expression of the guidance receptor, Neuropilin-2...

..Our study identifies an essential role for GABA in the synaptic integration of newborn cortical neurons and suggests an activity-dependent mechanism for achieving the balance between excitation and inhibition in the developing cortex...

..Integrating these findings with the molecular machinery underlying migration will provide a more complete picture of how the cerebral cortex is assembled...

..These findings demonstrate a new functional role for E2 as a proliferative agent during critical stages of cerebral cortex development...

..Our findings suggest that MGE-derived GABAergic interneurons overcome the spinal cord hyperexcitability that is a hallmark of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain...

..Professional standards and laws that ban human reproductive cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer should be revised to also forbid it by other methods, such as iPSCs via tetraploid complementation...

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..Dysplastic cortex from this model demonstrates features of hyperexcitability and decreased neuronal sensitivity to GABA. Such physiologic alterations may underlie the increased epileptogenicity of dysplastic cortex...

..The unique features of the early-appearing GABA signalling systems might help to explain how GABA acts as a developmental signal...

..Finally, axonal growth also ceased. These results identify multiple distinct and novel roles for LIS1 in nucleokinesis and process dynamics and suggest that nuclear position controls neural progenitor cell division...

..We suggest two models that make opposite predictions as to whether the radial glia or nascent neuron inherit the radial glial fiber or the majority of the Numb protein...

..Furthermore, we show that wave disruption decreases VZ proliferation during the peak of embryonic neurogenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate a radial glial signaling mechanism that may regulate cortical neuronal production...

..Although radial glial cells have traditionally been characterized by their role in guiding migration, their role as neuronal progenitors may represent their defining characteristic throughout the vertebrate CNS...

..Demarque et al. (in this issue of Neuron) now report that early release of transmitter is unconventional in not requiring action potentials, Ca(2+) entry, or vesicle fusion, thus potentially reconciling the discrepancy...

..Overall, it takes approximately 3-4 h to set up this procedure...

..coupled to one another? Do lineage-related cell contacts determine the pattern of intracolumnar connectivity? Do CR cells and radial glia signal one another and does this signaling influence neurogenesis or migration? ..

..We are especially interested in covering diseases of the nervous system which are important clinically, but which are in need of enhanced basic cellular and molecular understanding. ..

..The data from these experiments will help us to understand how the critical balance of excitatory and inhibitory cells is regulated and how this affects brain development. ..

..Our data is also relevant to planned clinical trials that aim to control seizures in human infants but may inadvertently alter developing cortical circuitry based on the mechanisms that we describe. ..

..The results of this study may help shed light on mechanisms relevant to the etiology of many of them. ..

..Our data is also relevant to planned clinical trials that aim to control seizures in human infants but may inadvertently alter developing cortical circuitry based on the mechanisms that we describe. ..

..The results of this study may help shed light on mechanisms relevant to the etiology of many of them. ..

..Society members are encouraged to suggest topics in the SFN Newsletter. ..

..These experiments represent the first attempt to define the functional properties of CR cells, which may be central to the developmental organization of the cerebral cortex. ..

..These experiments will begin to illuminate how amino acid transmitters in the embryonic neocortex influence critical events in early corticogenesis. ..

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