Research Topics
| A H KralSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
HIV risk profile of drug-using women who have sex with women in 19 United States citiesA H Kral
Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 1304, U S A
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 16:211-7. 1997..There is a need for epidemiological studies specifically geared toward studying risk behaviors among WSWs. Risk reduction activities need to focus on injection-related risks, as well as sex-related risks, among WSWs...- Injection risk behaviors among clients of syringe exchange programs with different syringe dispensation policiesAlex H Kral
Urban Health Study, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1307-12. 2004..It is concluded that SEPs that base syringe dispensation policy upon need may facilitate reductions in reuse of syringes... - Trends in human immunodeficiency virus seroincidence among street-recruited injection drug users in San Francisco, 1987-1998Alex H Kral
Urban Health Study, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Am J Epidemiol 157:915-22. 2003..21, 0.87). Sensitive/less sensitive enzyme immunoassay testing is an effective tool for assessing HIV incidence. HIV incidence among street-recruited IDUs in San Francisco appears to have remained stable and moderate since the late 1980s... - HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among men who have sex with men and inject drugs in San FranciscoAlex H Kral
Urban Health Studies, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3180 18th Street Suite 302, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Urban Health 82:i43-50. 2005..These findings have implications for the development of HIV interventions that target the diverse MSM-IDU population... - Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among injection drug users in San Francisco, USA: risk-factor analysisA H Kral
Urban Health Study, Institute for Health Policy Studies and Departments of Family and Community Medicine, UCSF, 3180 18th Street, San Francisco CA 94110, USA
Lancet 357:1397-401. 2001..We aimed to establish whether injection or sexual risk factors, or both, were associated with HIV-1antibody seroconversion of street-recruited IDUs in San Francisco, from 1986 to 1998... - Sex- and drug-related risk among populations of younger and older injection drug users in adjacent neighborhoods in San FranciscoA H Kral
Urban Health Study, Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 24:162-7. 2000..05). After controlling for confounding factors using logistic regression analysis, all these associations remained significant. There is an urgent need for innovative prevention programs that target younger, homeless IDUs... - Risk factors among IDUs who give injections to or receive injections from other drug usersA H Kral
Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Addiction 94:675-83. 1999..To assess risk factors associated with injection drug users (IDUs) who give injections to or receive injections from other IDUs... - Use of an illegal syringe exchange and injection-related risk behaviors among street-recruited injection drug users in Oakland, California, 1992 to 1995R N Bluthenthal
Urban Health Study, Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 1304, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 18:505-11. 1998..To determine factors associated with syringe and injection supply sharing among injection drug users (IDUs) in a community with an illegal underground syringe exchange program (SEP)... - Trends in HIV seroprevalence and risk among gay and bisexual men who inject drugs in San Francisco, 1988 to 2000R N Bluthenthal
Drug Policy Research Center, Health Program, RAND, Department of Psychiatry, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, San Francisco, California, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 28:264-9. 2001..To determine trends in HIV infection and risk behaviors among street-recruited self-identified gay and bisexual male injection drug users (IDUs) in San Francisco... - Predictors and prevention of nonfatal overdose among street-recruited injection heroin users in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1998-1999K H Seal
Urban Health Study, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA
Am J Public Health 91:1842-6. 2001..This study sought to determine prevalence of and risk factors for nonfatal recent overdose among street-recruited injection heroin users... - Incentives and accessibility: a pilot study to promote adherence to TB prophylaxis in a high-risk communityJ Lorvick
Urban Health Study, University of California, San Francisco 94143 1304, USA
J Urban Health 76:461-7. 1999..A community-based directly observed preventive therapy (DOPT) program for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in an inner-city neighborhood... - High prevalence of abscesses and cellulitis among community-recruited injection drug users in San FranciscoI A Binswanger
Urban Health Study, Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1304, USA
Clin Infect Dis 30:579-81. 2000..Abscesses are extremely prevalent among IDUs in San Francisco. Skin-popping is a major risk factor, and self-treatment is common... - Naloxone distribution and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for injection drug users to prevent heroin overdose death: a pilot intervention studyKaren H Seal
Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Urban Health 82:303-11. 2005..IDUs can be trained to respond to heroin overdose emergencies by performing CPR and administering naloxone. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this peer intervention to prevent fatal heroin overdose... - Sexual and injection risk among women who inject methamphetamine in San FranciscoJennifer Lorvick
Urban Health Program, RTI International, 28 2nd Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
J Urban Health 83:497-505. 2006..In addition, existing interventions for drug-injecting women may need to be adapted to better meet the risks of female MA injectors... - Secondary syringe exchange among users of 23 California syringe exchange programsJennifer Lorvick
Urban Health Program, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA
Subst Use Misuse 41:865-82. 2006..In the interim, SEPs should consider reinforcing HIV prevention education messages and training IDUs who engage in SSE in safe handling of biohazardous materials... - Prescription naloxone: a novel approach to heroin overdose preventionKarl A Sporer
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, and the Treatment Research Center, USA
Ann Emerg Med 49:172-7. 2007..Program implementation considerations, legal ramifications, and research needs for prescription naloxone are discussed... - The impact of legalizing syringe exchange programs on arrests among injection drug users in CaliforniaAlexis N Martinez
Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 50 Beale Street, Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
J Urban Health 84:423-35. 2007..More comprehensive approaches to removing barriers to accessing sterile syringes are needed if our public health goals for reducing new HIV/HCV infections are to be obtained... - Estimating past hepatitis C infection risk from reported risk factor histories: implications for imputing age of infection and modeling fibrosis progressionPeter Bacchetti
Box 0560, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
BMC Infect Dis 7:145. 2007..We sought to examine the accuracy of such imputation and implications for modeling factors that influence progression rates... - Access to sterile syringes through San Francisco pharmacies and the association with HIV risk behavior among injection drug usersElise D Riley
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
J Urban Health 87:534-42. 2010..These results are consistent with prior studies in suggesting that increasing the availability of syringes through SEPs and pharmacies, and developing bridges between them, may further reduce syringe-related risk... - Health and oral health care needs and health care-seeking behavior among homeless injection drug users in San FranciscoJonathan Leserman Robbins
Joint Medical Program, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, 570 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720 1190, USA
J Urban Health 87:920-30. 2010..Recent cuts in Medi-Cal's adult dental coverage may result in a greater burden of oral health care which will need to be provided by emergency departments and neighborhood dental clinics... - Fatal heroin-related overdose in San Francisco, 1997-2000: a case for targeted interventionPeter J Davidson
University of California, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA 94143 1306, USA
J Urban Health 80:261-73. 2003..We recommend the development of overdose response training targeted at heroin users and those close to them, including the staff of residential hotels... - A randomized controlled trial of monetary incentives vs. outreach to enhance adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine series among injection drug usersKaren H Seal
Urban Health Study, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 71:127-31. 2003..Due to concerns about non-adherence to multi-dose vaccine regimens however, IDUs are severely under-immunized against HBV and have been excluded from phase III trials of multi-dose candidate HIV vaccines in the United States... - Attitudes about prescribing take-home naloxone to injection drug users for the management of heroin overdose: a survey of street-recruited injectors in the San Francisco Bay AreaKaren H Seal
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
J Urban Health 80:291-301. 2003..Nevertheless, strategies for overcoming potential risks associated with the use of take-home naloxone would need to be emphasized in an overdose management training program... - Acceptability of a safer injection facility among injection drug users in San FranciscoAlex H Kral
Urban Health Program, RTI International, San Francisco Regional Office, 114 Sansome Street Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 110:160-3. 2010..Since 2007 support for implementation of a SIF in San Francisco has been building. The objective of this study is to assess the acceptability of a SIF among injection drug users (IDUs) in San Francisco... - Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among injection drug users in San FranciscoJonnae Atkinson
Viral Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
J Infect Dis 187:974-81. 2003..These results are consistent with the occurrence of bloodborne transmission of HHV-8 among IDUs... - Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus among San Francisco injection drug users, 1998 to 2000Fan Chen Tseng
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Hepatology 46:666-71. 2007..This decrease coincided with the implementation of prevention activities among this population... - Community characteristics associated with HIV risk among injection drug users in the San Francisco Bay Area: a multilevel analysisRicky N Bluthenthal
Health Program and Drug Policy Research Center, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA
J Urban Health 84:653-66. 2007.... - Approval of syringe exchange programs in California: results from a local approach to HIV preventionRicky N Bluthenthal
Health Program and Drug Policy Research Center, RAND Corp, 1776 Main S, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 2138, USA
Am J Public Health 98:278-83. 2008..We studied the effect of local approval of syringe exchange programs in California (through Assembly AB136) on program availability and performance... - Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus testing services at syringe exchange programs: availability and outcomesKeith G Heinzerling
Department of Family Medicine and Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 7087, USA
J Subst Abuse Treat 32:423-9. 2007..Efforts to increase both the availability of HIV and HCV testing services at syringe exchange programs and the use of existing testing services are needed... - Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug usersRicky N Bluthenthal
Health Program and Drug Policy Research Center, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA
Addiction 102:638-46. 2007..To determine whether syringe exchange programs' (SEPs) dispensation policy is associated with syringe coverage among SEP clients... - Higher syringe coverage is associated with lower odds of HIV risk and does not increase unsafe syringe disposal among syringe exchange program clientsRicky N Bluthenthal
Health Program and Drug Policy Research Center, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 2138, USA
Drug Alcohol Depend 89:214-22. 2007..To determine if adequate syringe coverage --"one shot for one syringe"--among syringe exchange program (SEP) clients is associated with injection-related HIV risk behaviors and syringe disposal... - Sexual relationships, secondary syringe exchange, and gender differences in HIV risk among drug injectorsKara S Riehman
Substance Abuse Treatment Evaluations and Interventions, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
J Urban Health 81:249-59. 2004..More information on network members is needed to understand gender differences in secondary exchange... - Persistent HIV incidence among injection drug users in San Francisco during the 1990s: results of five studiesAlex H Kral
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1667-9. 2004 - Condom attitudes and behaviors among injection drug users participating in California syringe exchange programsLaura M Bogart
Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407 2318, USA
AIDS Behav 9:423-32. 2005..Interventions that increase awareness about positive aspects of condom use and sexual risk from steady partners may be successful in increasing condom use among injection drug users... - Sexual risk among injection drug users recruited from syringe exchange programs in CaliforniaLaura M Bogart
Health Program, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 2138, USA
Sex Transm Dis 32:27-34. 2005..The objective of this study was to examine correlates of sexual risk among injection drug users (IDUs)...