CATHERINE KOTZ

..Greater activation of this SPA network leads to a lower propensity for fat mass gain and therefore may be an attractive target for obesity prevention and therapy...

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..This potential for conferring physical activity stimulation may be useful for inducing shifts in time spent moving, which has important implications for obesity...

..This review focuses on how hypothalamic orexins participate in both feeding and spontaneous physical activity, and provides potential models for the integration of signals important to both...

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..These data suggest that delayed and diminished feeding responses in old animals may be due to ineffective neural signaling and implicate the orexin A network as one feeding system affected by aging...

..This weight gain may be associated with decreased energy expenditure due to subsidence of chronic tremor. The magnitude of gain underscores the need for proactive management of body weight in PD patients undergoing DBS...

..These data suggest an age-related decrease in the synthesis of dynorphin in two brain regions strongly associated with feeding behavior, and an increase in dynorphin synthesis in a brain region associated with learning and memory...

..These data show that LH orexin A stimulation of feeding is not always coincident with increased activity, suggesting that feeding induced by LH-injected orexin A is not consequent to enhanced arousal...

..These data define the LSi as an important site for UCN-induced anorexia and indicate that LSi UCN may influence orexin A feeding signals in the LH...

..Thus orexin A can act in PVN to increase nonfeeding-associated physical activity, suggesting that this neuropeptide might be a mediator of NEAT...

..A putative mechanism for changes in NEAT that accompany obesity is a decreased sensitivity to the NEAT-activating effects of neuropeptides such as orexin...

..This article reviews the evidence for NEAT and the impact of NEAT on obesity...

..Thus, the association between negative energy balance and reductions in PA occurs across genera in biology and is associated with predictable neurological changes in brain gene expression...

..These data suggest that the rostral LH is the only region of the LH sensitive to the injection of OX-A, and the metabolic status of the animal at the time of injection may influence the feeding response to OX-A...

..Also, LH ghrelin induced Fos IR in LH orexin neurons. We conclude that the LH, as part of larger central circuitry, integrates orexigenic properties of ghrelin...

..These data implicate GIRK4-containing channels in signaling crucial to energy homeostasis and body weight...

..NTX suppressed Hcrt-1-induced feeding only when injected i.p., i.c.v., and in the AcbSh. These studies reveal the necessity for functional central opioidergic pathways involving the AcbSh, but not the LH in Hcrt-1-induced feeding...

..These BDNF effects were greatest in the H body fat group. These data indicate that BDNF reduced HFD-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome-like measures, and the animals with the most body fat had the most significant response to BDNF...

..Despite these caveats, we conclude that the EchoMRI QMR system offers a fast in vivo method of body composition analysis, well correlated to but with greater overall precision than CCA...

..The hypocretin (hcrt) system has been implicated in addiction-relevant effects of several drugs, but its role in nicotine dependence has been little studied...

..In conclusion, VMH BDNF reduces body weight by decreasing food intake and increasing EE consequent to increased SPA and RMR, suggesting that the VMH is an important site of BDNF action to influence energy balance...

..Furthermore, BDNF appears to interact with NPY in its anorectic actions, although a direct effect on NPY remains to be established...

..These data suggest that the PVN is an important site of BDNF action to influence energy balance...

..Furthermore, the anorectic effects of BDNF in this site appear to be mediated by NPY. These data suggest that the VMH is an important site of action for BDNF in its effects on energy metabolism...

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..Thus, intra-CeA administration of DAMGO may increase feeding, in part, by activating neurons in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and by inhibiting activity of selected neurons in the CeA...

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..Such palatable substances may contribute to the observed increase in the body weight of populations from affluent societies during the past few decades...

..Thus chronic administration of naltrexone in the NTS increased dynorphin gene expression in the amygdala, further supporting an opioidergic feeding pathway between these two brain sites...

..2 +/- 0.5 g). There was no effect of d-AP5 alone on food intake. These data support glutamatergic systems in the LH/PFA mediating the feeding response to orexin-A through NMDA receptors...

..Such a novel interaction between two peptides at the BBB opens new approaches for general study of the dynamic regulatory role of the BBB in brain-body communication as well as the specific study of obesity...

..Underlying part of the problem is disordered regulation of physical activity, and a better understanding of the brain pathways important to this is necessary in developing treatments for obesity. ..

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..Underlying part of the problem is disordered regulation of physical activity, and a better understanding of the brain pathways important to this is necessary in developing treatments for obesity. ..