L N Kolonel

..Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Our objective was to examine its association with polymorphisms identifying breast cancer susceptibility loci that were ascertained in recent genome-wide association studies...

..However, little research has been done on mammographic density and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, which is thought to be a precursor lesion to some invasive breast cancers...

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..Some suggestions for further research are offered...

..To examine body mass index (BMI) and physical activity as risk factors for pancreatic cancer...

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..An attempt to examine the risk associated with specific HAAs suggested that the main HAAs increase risk of rectal cancer in men and that they do not appreciably affect risk of rectal cancer in women or of colon cancer in either sex...

..Study findings suggest that ovarian cancer aggregates with several common cancers in family members...

..We investigated the modifying effects of NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms on the association of meat consumption, heterocyclic amine intake, and smoking with colorectal cancer risk...

..Mucinous tumors, both borderline and invasive, were more common in Asian women than in Caucasian and other women. Our data suggest that histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer are etiologically distinct...

..In conclusion, the authors found no evidence for an inverse association between vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer overall, but inverse associations in high-risk persons suggest the need for further investigation...

..005) than in men (0.92 [0.83-1.02], P(trend) = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Foods high in meat and fat appear to confer a higher diabetes risk in all ethnic groups, whereas the effects of other dietary patterns vary by sex and ethnicity...

..This study found duration of current other NSAID use to be protective against breast cancer risk...

..These findings suggest that protection against diabetes can be achieved through food choices after taking into account body weight, but, due to differences in commonly consumed foods, risk estimates may differ by ethnic group...

..Therefore, we developed a chronic disease risk index (CDRI) and investigated its relation with chronic disease in a multiethnic cohort...

..The current findings do not support a protective effect of modest levels of soy food consumption against diabetes...

..Phytoestrogens are of special interest in prostate cancer research because populations in Asia with a high consumption of phytoestrogens have a lower incidence of the disease than comparable populations in Western countries...

..To investigate the possible relationship between intake of flavonoids-powerful dietary antioxidants that may also inhibit P450 enzymes-and lung cancer risk, we conducted a population-based, case-control study in Hawaii...

..These findings suggest that the CYP1B1-Val allele and perhaps other genetic polymorphisms in combination with environmental or hormonal exposures are susceptibility factors for ovarian cancer...

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..When detailed information is not available, the same default nutrient profiles can be used when estimating intakes for these five ethnic groups...

..These findings indicate that weight at age 21 may represent lifetime adiposity better than body weight at cohort entry. Alternatively, weight at age 21 may be more relevant for the etiology of NHL...

..Experimental studies need to be performed to study the effect, if any, of NSAID use on breast density...

..However, results so far are scarce and inconsistent...

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..This study investigated changes in risk factors in Hawaii over 20 years and compared health behaviors among ethnic groups with well-documented differences in disease risk...

..To investigate the association of dietary fiber with colorectal cancer..

..However, overall, our findings from a large cohort study of ethnically diverse population give no indication that intake of fat and meat substantially affects prostate cancer risk...

..77, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.01; women: RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.89). The findings support the hypothesis of protective roles for calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products in the risk of colorectal cancer...

..To examine associations between the intake of individual and total carotenoids and the risk of colorectal cancer, we analyzed prospective data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study...

..Our findings suggest that consumption of an energy dense diet is a risk factor for higher BMI in both men and women across ethnic groups...

..To determine whether the prevalence of obesity in ethnic admixture adults varies systematically from the average of the prevalence estimates for the ethnic groups with whom they share a common ethnicity...

..Utilizing data from a case-control study among residents in Hawaii, we examined the association of diet, presence of H. pylori, and non-cardia gastric cancer risk...

..Future studies that incorporate additional risk factors, such as obesity, need to examine the role of mammographic density in larger patient populations before including breast density in treatment decision models...

..46). In summary, this study provides evidence of an association between vitamin D status and reduced risk of colorectal cancer in an ethnically diverse population...

..03). The lack of significant results in men and women indicates a limited role of diet in NHL etiology, but dietary patterns might have ethnic- and subgroup-specific effects on NHL...

..07). Our results provide some support to the hypothesis that a diet rich in isoflavones from soy products reduces the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly in populations with comparatively high excretion of phytoestrogens...

..High dietary intake of vitamin D did not show a protective effect against NHL within the MEC except among African Americans, possibly because vitamin D production due to sun exposure is limited in this population...

..This multiethnic nested case-control study sought to examine the association of plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols with postmenopausal breast cancer risk...

..92, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.60; P(trend) = 0.45). In this study, the authors found aspirin use to be inversely associated with distal gastric adenocarcinoma, particularly of the intestinal type...

..The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with self-reported diabetes by ethnicity...

..Because hysterectomy prevalence varies by ethnicity, the secondary objective was to examine whether inclusion of women with hysterectomies affects the estimates of breast cancer risk by ethnicity...

..We hypothesize that plasma levels of tocopherols may serve as markers of systemic inflammation, complicating epidemiologic assessment of their role in cancer etiology...

..Dietary fat, including specific fatty acids, has been proposed to contribute to prostate cancer pathogenesis, but findings from the studies based on biomarkers have been conflicting...

..It is uncertain whether or not vegetables, fruit, or grains protect against colorectal cancer...

..The findings of our study suggest that legume intake is associated with a moderate reduction in prostate cancer risk and that the isoflavones in soy products are probably not responsible for this effect...

..Using the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC), we estimated diabetes incidence among Caucasians, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiians...

..Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss...

..To examine the trends in the prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in relation to breast cancer incidence trends and to explore whether the changes in risk factors differed by ethnicity in Hawaii over a 25-year period...

..To describe trends in BMI among different ethnic groups in Hawaii and to explore the relation of nutrient and food intake with excess weight...

..Participants whose lifestyles were healthier were more likely to use dietary supplements. Therefore, it may be difficult to separate the effects of supplement use from other lifestyle factors when studying disease etiology...

..Because the risk estimates appeared higher for Caucasians and Native Hawaiians than for Japanese women, ethnicity-specific models may be necessary to predict risk from breast density in different ethnic groups...

..95; 95% CI, 1.35-2.83) than the colon (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92-1.45). These data suggest that the exon 1 G2133C missense variant in IGFBP3 may be a susceptibility factor for colorectal cancer...

..It also suggests that this effect may be specific to advanced colon cancer...

..The goal of this project was to investigate the trends and predictors of cigarette smoking among a population of Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Native Hawaiians...

..These findings support the hypothesis that dietary patterns are influenced by interrelated sociocultural, demographic, and other lifestyle factors and may be useful in investigations of diet-disease relations...

..Questions still remain regarding the effects of confounding factors, such as menopause, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking, on the association between antioxidants and ovarian cancer development...

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..Given the strong biological rationale and the scarce and divergent epidemiologic data to date, additional investigations of the relationship between breast cancer and genetic variants in the TGF-beta signaling pathway appear warranted...

..However, subjects in this energy-intake group also consumed more than three times as much discretionary fat, added sugar, and alcohol...

..This is consistent with the role of MTHFR in facilitating the flow of folate for thymidylate and purine synthesis and with the increased nucleic acid need resulting from the hyperproliferative effect of HRT on mammary epithelial cells...

..Other successful applications of this assay in clinical and epidemiologic studies validated the developed method and confirmed previous results on the negative association between urinary isoflavone excretion and breast cancer risk...

..We analyzed data from the prospective Multiethnic Cohort Study to investigate associations between intake of meat, other animal products, fat, and cholesterol and pancreatic cancer risk...

..This study assessed and compared heath-related behaviours and nutrient and food group intakes between US-born and Korea-born Korean American women...

..00 for poultry, and 1.00 for fish. Because there was little effect on the ranking of study participants' intakes due to the method of calculating food group consumption, the two measures are interchangeable in disease risk models...

..These data provide additional evidence for the association of constitutional susceptibility factors, intense sun exposure (particularly before age 20 years), and alcohol consumption with melanoma risk...

..003), although a nonsignificant inverse gradient in risk was also found in relation to calcium supplement intake. These results suggest that intake of low-fat milk, calcium, or lactose may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer...

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..Among females, incidence was higher among whites, Filipinos, Hawaiians and Chinese than among US whites, and lower among Japanese. Thus, there were notable sex differences in the ethnic distribution of this disease...

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..49, 1.18)). Stronger measured fields were not significantly associated with increased risk. These data suggest that residential magnetic field exposures commonly experienced by US women do not influence risk of breast cancer...

..High-glycemic-load diets may increase colorectal cancer risk through hyperinsulinemic effects...

..1]) the differences between the three methods are very small and in particular that the single imputation method may be expected to work extremely well...

..3; 95% CI = 1.2, 4.7). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the need for further investigation of factors that affect access to and use of health care among African Americans and Asian Americans...

..28-1.56; 138 cases and 258 controls). Consistency of the results across all three of the studies is potentially compatible with a protective effect of the polymorphism, mimicking aspirin...

..Although a single missense variant (L546V) appeared to act as a modest predictor of risk, the remaining variants were no more common in breast cancer cases as compared with controls...

..31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.54). Our findings suggest the hypothesis that women with the long-range CYP19 haplotype 2b-3c may be carriers of a predisposing breast cancer susceptibility allele...

..The adjusted RR of NHs is 65% greater than that of Ws, and that of migrant Latinas is 16% lower than that of Ws. Elucidating the causes of the high rates in NHs is now a major focus of our efforts...

..This study focuses on demographic differences in subsite locations and histologic types of gastric carcinoma...

..Our results suggest that common genetic variation in the IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 genes do not substantially influence prostate and breast cancer susceptibility...

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..A candidate set of htSNPS of a given size is chosen so as to maximize the minimum value of R2h over the common haplotypes, h...

..We set out to refine the association between common variation at the PGR gene locus and these two diseases...

..S. Whites. If the FokI association noted here were causal, this difference could account for some of the disease burden among African Americans and some of the excess risk in African Americans compared with Whites...

..045). Compared with nondrinkers, men who drank >or=1 drinks/day had a 31% lower risk (95% CI: 0.49, 0.96). Results show that body mass index, smoking, and hypertension are risk factors for renal cell cancer in both sexes...

..The suggestive findings relating increased estrogen levels to avocado and grapefruit intakes need confirmation...

..None of the prostate cancer risk variants aligns to a known gene or alters the coding sequence of an encoded protein...

..Thus, although genetic variation in CYP19A1 produces measurable differences in estrogen levels among postmenopausal women, the magnitude of the change was insufficient to contribute detectably to breast cancer...

..However, data on this topic, particularly lung cancer incidence rates in never smokers, are limited...

..Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) appears to play a role in prostate development and carcinogenesis. We investigated whether genetic variation at the IGF1 locus is associated with prostate cancer risk...

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..92) for Latinas. Results from this study show that the interethnic differences in endometrial cancer risk do not appear to be explained by differences in the distribution of known risk factors among women of different races/ethnicities...

..There is remarkable variation in the incidence of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups in the United States...

..lowest quartile = 0.41, 0.55, 0.27, 0.55, respectively) but not never or former smokers. This study provides evidence for a preventive effect of flavonols on pancreatic cancer, particularly for current smokers...

..Estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) may play a role in modulating prostate carcinogenesis through the regulation of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis...

..In summary, the impact of genetic variation in IGF1 and IGFBP3 on circulating IGF levels does not appear to substantially influence breast cancer risk substantially among primarily Caucasian postmenopausal women...

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..Findings from the Multiethnic Cohort Study should help not only to identify dietary and other risk factors for cancer, but also to better understand the basis for ethnic variations in cancer incidence. ..

..Findings from this study should help to elucidate relationships of diet to cancer, and to better understand the basis for ethnic variations in cancer incidence. ..

..The findings should contribute significantly to the future primary prevention of cancer...