T D Koepsell

..These results suggest that Veterans may, on average, have less excess body fat than non-Veterans--a pattern not revealed by standard anthropometric measures...

..The role of exogenous hormone exposures in the development of meningioma is unclear, but these exposures have been proposed as one hypothesis to explain the over-abundance of such tumors in women...

..To determine how the risk of a fall in an older adult varies in relation to style of footwear worn...

..Little is known about the special preventive health needs of U.S. veterans and the 3.6 million users of VA health care...

..Motor vehicles struck and killed 4739 pedestrians in the United States in the year 2000. Older pedestrians are at especially high risk...

..Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability among US children. Our goal was to obtain population-based data on TBI incidence rates...

..The trialists sought to estimate the efficacy of the vaccine among antibody responders by comparing outcomes among antibody responders in the vaccine group with outcomes among all placebo recipients...

..Education may modulate the degree to which the neuropathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) is expressed as impaired cognitive performance...

..We assessed the burden of obesity and overweight, as well as trends in weight control practices, among U.S. veterans and users of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care in a large national survey...

..The association with night terrors could simply reflect early symptoms of narcolepsy, or they could be a prodromal sign of disturbed sleep physiology...

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..We compared long-term health outcomes associated with beta-adrenergic blocking agents and diltiazem treatment for unstable angina...

..7, 95% CI 1.5 to 9.5), especially for neoplastic conditions. Only four patients (2%) had meningiomas that followed high-dose cranial radiation...

..We conducted a case-control study of the association between calcium channel blocker use and gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding in hypertensive members of a health maintenance organization...

..Older age, female sex, any bulbar features at onset, short time from symptom onset to diagnosis, lack of a marital partner, and disease severity are key prognostic factors. Serial measurement of severity would likely improve predictions...

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..To determine whether the risk of unintentional injury requiring emergency department (ED) or inpatient care in children is transiently increased over a 90-day period after injury to a sibling...

..47 (95% CI 0.8-2.8). Limitations in study design may have limited our ability to detect a statistically significant association between OSA and hypothyroidism...

..These laws are controversial, and their effect on firearm-related injuries is unknown...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support available evidence that among hypertensive patients a treated diastolic blood pressure level below 85 mm Hg is associated with cardiac hazards...

..Factor V Leiden and a prothrombin gene variant, G20210A, are mutations associated with a thrombotic risk. The aim of our study was to assess whether these mutations increase the risk of stroke in women under 45 years of age...

..Women's health centers have been increasing in number but remain relatively unstudied. We examined patient expectations and quality of care at a hospital-based women's health center compared with those at a general medicine clinic...

..Approximately 10 million cars with automatic shoulder belt systems are currently in use in the United States. However, reports on the effectiveness of such restraints have yielded conflicting results...

..We conducted a prospective study with a 2-year follow-up...

..With careful attention to the selection of study subjects, valid case-control studies of the causes of some injuries can be conducted in the ED...

..Methods to assess the presence and magnitude of differential reporting by cases and controls are outlined, together with analytic strategies to improve the classification of occupational exposures...

..This study sought to estimate how drowsiness related factors, and factors that might counteract drowsiness, are related to the risk of a crash...

..To increase knowledge about adolescents who obtained emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) directly from a pharmacist without first contacting a physician...

..Further studies are needed to determine whether visual impairment unmasks and exacerbates the symptoms of dementia or is a marker of disease severity...

..The benefits of continuity of pediatric care remain controversial...

..Homicide is a leading cause of death in Colombia, with much of the fatal interpersonal violence concentrated in the country's largest cities. Firearms are involved in as much as 80% of homicides in Colombia...

..Physicians have been encouraged to counsel families about risks associated with gun ownership, but the effectiveness of physician counseling regarding gun safety is unknown...

..We do not know, however, the extent of this population or how it is changing over time...

..To determine if certain outcomes of incisional hernia repair have improved in recent eras...

..Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with pathologic changes in the kidney. However, the association between HCV and renal dysfunction is not well defined...

..Relatively few epidemiologic studies have focused on narcolepsy, a disabling sleep disorder with a strong association with HLA-DQB1 *0602...

..We examined the risk of narcolepsy associated with active and passive smoking among genetically susceptible individuals...

..There are no published studies on how depression influences participation in health plan-sponsored physical activity programs and how participation affects depression risk in older adults in nonresearch settings...

..A standard measure of the correlation between observations within each centre is the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)...

..Matching these donors to recipients with anti-HBs pre-transplantation may be especially safe...

..To evaluate if precrash vehicle movement is associated with the severity of pedestrian injury...

..Negative appendectomy (NA)--the nonincidental removal of a normal appendix--occurs commonly but the associated clinical- and system-level costs are not well studied...

..Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) may decrease the risk of common bile duct (CBD) injury during cholecystectomy by helping to avoid misidentification of the CBD...

..By specifying a target population, effect size and reach could be combined to project the overall population impact of each PTSD prevention approach...

..Our objective was to review and compile evidence for the stability of surgical and nonsurgical therapies for AOB malocclusion. Our data sources were PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, limited gray literature search, and hand searching...

..However, an effect could not be ruled out in certain subgroups, such as blacks or women who are homozygous for apoE4...

..Although several trials have been published evaluating intravenous magnesium sulfate as treatment for acute bronchospasm, its effectiveness for this indication remains unclear, prompting this meta-analysis...

..We hypothesized that per-patient charges would increase during the base year and then decrease in subsequent years. Hospitals would thus have higher reimbursement limits and receive incentive payments for reducing their charges...

..Consistency of findings across various study designs, outcomes, and populations is critical to the practice of evidence-based medicine and the effort to maximize the health benefits of antihypertensive therapies...

..The effectiveness of such secondary prevention is limited, however, by incomplete screening regarding level of alcohol consumption...

..If this hypothesis were correct, treatment with appropriate antibiotics or antitoxins might slow or halt progression of disease, and immunization might prevent disease...

..33; 95% CI = 2.06, 9.10). A dose-response relationship was present for number, but not severity, of head traumas. Whether the associations observed in this study are causal remains unclear...

..This study cautions against overreliance on CT/US in diagnosing appendicitis and emphasizes the need for test benchmarking in routine practice before establishing protocols for presumed appendicitis...

..A wide range of variables may mediate the education-back-related disability association, including a propensity to report diffuse physical symptoms (somatization), lifestyle (e.g., cigarette smoking), and occupational factors...

..In rural areas, agricultural injuries contributed the largest burden of morbidity, and should be a priority for prevention efforts...

..03. Among patients who have high blood pressure but no history of angina, presentations with prodromal symptoms in the primary care setting are so common that only about one in 100 such visits actually heralds myocardial infarction...

..To evaluate economic and clinical outcomes of a program of routine prenatal serotesting for varicella and postpartum vaccination of seronegative women...

..Surgical experience with the procedure was linked to better outcomes...

..0; 95% CI 1.1-3.5), and risk increased with increasing duration of exposure (p for trend = 0.02). Uncertain is whether these findings reflect a true biological phenomenon or result from chance or uncontrolled confounding...

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..The aim of this study is to assess the geographic proximity of cases and controls who share the same "stem" of their telephone number (area code, prefix, and next two digits) and compare their socioeconomic characteristics...

..Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) have better colorectal cancer survival than other racial populations. However, immigrants face challenges that may place them at higher risk for late diagnosis and death...

..Preseason screening to determine risk factors should be examined as a preventive approach for identifying high-risk runners...

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..Periodic interventions through 5 years after injury, particularly in certain high-risk groups, might have lasting effects on reinjury rates...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-month community-based intervention on falls and risk factors (balance, lower extremity strength, and mobility) in community-living older adults...

..Thus, the NACC web site (https://www.alz.washington.edu) was enhanced to provide efficient and secure access data submission and retrieval systems...

..These environments represent the continuum of prehospital care in high income countries with more advanced prehospital trauma care systems...

..Infants born to women with signs of chorioamnionitis other than isolated intrapartum fever may be at higher risk of encephalopathy than those exposed only to isolated intrapartum fever...

..To compare patient- and injury-related characteristics of trauma victims and pre-hospital trauma care systems among different developed and developing countries...

..Identification of modifiable risk factors will help to prevent this disease...

..Furthermore, only a portion of these studies have investigated in utero exposures and growth during childhood...

..We sought to compare the survival of injured patients after transfer to a trauma center with survival from a comparable time after injury among patients who had been admitted to the trauma center directly from the scene of injury...

..We examined whether older persons who live in areas that are conducive to walking are more active or less obese than those living in areas where walking is more difficult...

..We hypothesized that subjects with psychiatric distress (somatization, anxiety, and depression) would report more severe long-term sinus symptoms and worse quality of life (QOL) than subjects without psychiatric distress...

..To determine whether there is an association between a woman's exposure to direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements for 2 osteoporosis drugs and presentation for bone densitometry...

..Early learning programs have proven benefits for impoverished children; Head Start is the most widespread of such programs. The current involvement of pediatricians in the Head Start enrollment process is unknown...

..The objective of this study was to determine the patterns of health care utilization and costs associated with attendance at different types of child care, among a nationally representative sample of preschool-aged children...

..The objective of this study was to measure booster seat use directly, determine factors predictive of proper child restraint, and assess parental reasons for booster use and nonuse...

..Once children have outgrown car seats, booster seats protect from injury better than lap and shoulder belts alone. However, the majority of children aged 4 to 8 years use only an adult seat belt...

..It has been shown that greater physician experience in the care of persons with AIDS prolongs survival, but how more experienced primary care physicians achieve better outcomes is not known...

..86, 0.90) and administrative license revocation laws (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). Overall motorcycle mortality was lower when administrative license revocation laws were in effect (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98)...

..These findings suggest that additional effort expended in recruiting reluctant respondents may often result in more accurate estimates of population characteristics that are of interest in epidemiologic research...

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..The rapidly growing Hispanic population and the excess incidence of cervical cancer in this population requires improving the accuracy of ethnicity information...

..8% of the adolescents with EIB. CONCLUSIONS: EIB occurs frequently in adolescent athletes, and screening by physical examination and medical history does not accurately detect it...

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..We studied the associations between 1) current use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and 2) glucose levels, insulin levels, and diabetes in young women...

..End-of-life care is an important yet underdeveloped component of pediatric hospital services...

..The incidence increased by approximately 24% per year (rate ratio = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.38) from 1993 through 1997, perhaps reflecting physicians' and patients' efforts to intensify glucose management...

..It is recommended that children younger than 5 years with sickle cell disease (SCD) take daily prophylactic antibiotics to prevent pneumococcal infections; however, how much prophylactic medication they actually are dispensed is unclear...

..To determine the relationships between the biomechanical properties of shoes worn in a cohort of healthy older adults and the risk of falling...

..We sought to determine the prevalence of low health literacy (LHL) among patients in a preoperative clinic, the characteristics associated with LHL, and the association between LHL and adherence to preoperative instructions...

..In conclusion, the prevalence of hepatitis C in these subjects exceeds the estimate from the general US population by more than 2-fold, likely reflecting more exposure to traditional risk factors among these veterans...

..Early childhood development programs such as Head Start have proven benefits for impoverished children. However, few physicians assist families with enrollment...

..To evaluate international variability in mammography interpretation, we analyzed published reports from community-based screening programs from around the world...