Research Topics
Genomes and GenesSpecies | G KochanskaSummaryAffiliation: University of Iowa Country: USA Publications
Research Grants
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Detail Information
Publications
Difficult temperament moderates links between maternal responsiveness and children's compliance and behavior problems in low-income familiesGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:323-32. 2013....
Challenging circumstances moderate the links between mothers' personality traits and their parenting in low-income families with young childrenGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E18 SSH, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 103:1040-9. 2012..Those traits were unrelated to parenting under challenging conditions...- Toward a new understanding of legacy of early attachments for future antisocial trajectories: evidence from two longitudinal studiesGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Dev Psychopathol 24:783-806. 2012..The possible mechanisms of those effects were proposed... 
Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: implications for early socializationG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 68:94-112. 1997..Mothers high on empathic perspective taking were more likely to establish a system of reciprocity with their children. The importance of such systems for social development is discussed...- Guilt and effortful control: two mechanisms that prevent disruptive developmental trajectoriesGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 97:322-33. 2009..Effortful control that engages a deliberate restraint may offset risk for disruptive conduct conferred by low guilt... - Child emotionality and maternal responsiveness as predictors of reunion behaviors in the strange situation: links mediated and unmediated by separation distressGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 73:228-40. 2002..Studying how factors measured outside of and within early relationships influence the components of the attachment system may foster understanding of child behavior in the Strange Situation... - Parents' personality and infants' temperament as contributors to their emerging relationshipGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 86:744-59. 2004..All measures of infant temperament also related to the emerging relationship. In Study 2, maternal Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Dependency, and Workaholism predicted the relationship with the child... - Maternal parenting and children's conscience: early security as moderatorGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
Child Dev 75:1229-42. 2004..That early security then enhanced the effectiveness of parental adaptive parenting style, observed from 14 to 45 months, in terms of promoting conscience at 56 months, which encompassed moral conduct, moral cognition, and moral self... - Early attachment organization moderates the parent-child mutually coercive pathway to children's antisocial conductGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 80:1288-300. 2009..This mechanism was absent in secure dyads. Early insecurity acts as a catalyst for a dyad embarking on mutually adversarial path toward antisocial outcomes, whereas early security defuses this maladaptive trajectory... - Interplay of genes and early mother-child relationship in the development of self-regulation from toddler to preschool ageGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:1331-8. 2009.... - Mother-child and father-child mutually responsive orientation in the first 2 years and children's outcomes at preschool age: mechanisms of influenceGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 79:30-44. 2008..Although MRO with both parents correlated with child self-representation, and it correlated with self-regulation, this mediational path was unsupported... - Parental personality as an inner resource that moderates the impact of ecological adversity on parentingGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 92:136-50. 2007..Higher risk was linked to more power assertion, but only for mothers low in Extraversion and for fathers high in Neuroticism... - Temperament, relationships, and young children's receptive cooperation with their parentsGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, US
Dev Psychol 41:648-60. 2005..Mother's responsiveness and child's secure attachment to the mother promoted child receptive cooperation with the father, but there were no similar effects for fathers... - Children's fearfulness as a moderator of parenting in early socialization: Two longitudinal studiesGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 43:222-37. 2007..For relatively fearful children, fathers' power assertion in Study 2 predicted poor socialization outcomes. All Temperament x Parenting interactions appeared limited to measures obtained in the 2nd year... - Maternal power assertion in discipline and moral discourse contexts: commonalities, differences, and implications for children's moral conduct and cognitionGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 39:949-63. 2003..Power assertion in the discourse context predicted less mature moral cognition but not moral or antisocial conduct. Mothers' high Neuroticism predicted more power assertion in all three contexts. Child effects were examined... - Positive socialization mechanisms in secure and insecure parent-child dyads: two longitudinal studiesGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51:998-1009. 2010..Two longitudinal multi-trait multi-method studies examined whether early security amplified beneficial effects of children's willing, receptive stance toward the parent on socialization outcomes... - Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: a mediational modelGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 38:339-51. 2002..The mediational model, involving committed compliance and opposition in the "don't" demand context, was supported, but only for boys... - Multiple pathways to conscience for children with different temperaments: from toddlerhood to age 5G Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
Dev Psychol 33:228-40. 1997..Developmental interplay of temperament and socialization in emerging morality is discussed... - Implications of mothers' personality for their parenting and their young children's developmental outcomesG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
J Pers 65:387-420. 1997..Regression analyses indicated that mothers' personality, particularly negative emotionality and socialization, influenced broadly conceptualized adaptive child outcomes, even after the influence of parenting was controlled... - Individual differences in emotionality in infancyG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 69:375-90. 1998..As predicted, infants' capacity for focused or effortful attention was modestly associated with better modulated negative emotionality... - A developmental model of maternal and child contributions to disruptive conduct: the first six yearsGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:1220-7. 2008..The parent-child relationship is considered important for children's future conscience, and conscience is seen as protecting them from disruptive behavior problems, but specific mechanisms of this developmental process are rarely studied... - Children's emerging regulation of conduct: restraint, compliance, and internalization from infancy to the second yearG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 69:1378-89. 1998.... - Effortful control in early childhood: continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social developmentG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 36:220-32. 2000..Effortful control had implications for concurrent social development. Greater effortful control at 22 months was linked to more regulated anger, and at 33 months, to more regulated anger and joy and to stronger restraint... - Mother-child mutually responsive orientation and conscience development: from toddler to early school ageG Kochanska
University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 71:417-31. 2000.... - Children's conscience during toddler and preschool years, moral self, and a competent, adaptive developmental trajectoryGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 46:1320-32. 2010..This study elucidates the roles of classic components of morality--moral conduct, affect, and self--as antecedents of an adaptive developmental trajectory from toddler to early school age... - Emotional development in children with different attachment histories: the first three yearsG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 72:474-90. 2001.... - The development of self-regulation in the first four years of lifeG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 72:1091-111. 2001..There was modest preliminary evidence that committed compliance may generalize to interactions with adults other than the mother... - Guilt in young children: development, determinants, and relations with a broader system of standardsGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 73:461-82. 2002..A mediational model was supported: Fearful temperament contributed to guilt proneness, which in turn served to inhibit children's tendency to violate rules... - Children's conscience and self-regulationGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Pers 74:1587-617. 2006.... - Mothers' personality and its interaction with child temperament as predictors of parenting behaviorL A Clark
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 79:274-85. 2000..The longitudinal links established between personality and parenting behaviors indicate the predictive utility of personality. Findings also highlight the bidirectionality of the early parent-child relationship... - Mother-child relationship, child fearfulness, and emerging attachment: a short-term longitudinal studyG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 34:480-90. 1998..The analyses using discrete and continuous attachment scores produced converging results. The study informs the debate on early relationships, temperament, and attachment... - Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: from toddler to early school ageG Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Child Dev 68:263-77. 1997..The findings are discussed in view of the increasingly appreciated importance of temperament for critical aspects of socialization... - Viewing imitation as child responsiveness: a link between teaching and discipline domains of socializationD R Forman
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242 1407, USA
Dev Psychol 37:198-206. 2001..The consistency of children's responsiveness across contexts has implications for both sociomoral and cognitive development... - Development of mutual responsiveness between parents and their young childrenGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Child Dev 75:1657-76. 2004..Ratings revealed dyadic mutuality and longitudinal continuity of responsiveness. Parent-child responsiveness from 7 to 15 months was consistent with assumptions of a parent-driven process... - A longitudinal investigation of the affective environment in families with young children: from infancy to early school ageRobin A Barry
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Emotion 10:237-49. 2010..However, any emotion expression elicited greater affection in the interaction partner. Parents' neuroticism did not account for the convergence of emotions across relationships... - Effortful control: factor structure and relation to externalizing and internalizing behaviorsKathleen T Murray
Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72703 1201, USA
J Abnorm Child Psychol 30:503-14. 2002..These findings have implications for the assessment of temperament in children and, most importantly, for the study of nonlinear contributions of temperament to early childhood behaviors... - Mutually responsive orientation between parents and their young children: toward methodological advances in the science of relationshipsNazan Aksan
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Dev Psychol 42:833-48. 2006..This study represents an effort to advance the science of relationships by moving away from individual-based measures to dyadic measures and by using contemporary data analytic strategies... - Effortful control as a personality characteristic of young children: antecedents, correlates, and consequencesGrazyna Kochanska
The University of Iowa, USA
J Pers 71:1087-112. 2003..Effortful control mediated the oft-reported relations between maternal power assertion and impaired conscience development in children, even when child management difficulty was controlled... - Links between systems of inhibition from infancy to preschool yearsNazan Aksan
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
Child Dev 75:1477-90. 2004..The implications for understanding regulatory influences of fearful behavior and developmental complexity in child characteristics are discussed... - G x E interaction in the organization of attachment: mothers' responsiveness as a moderator of children's genotypesRobin A Barry
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:1313-20. 2008..We present evidence for gene by environment (G x E) interaction in the organization of attachment... - Pathways to conscience: early mother-child mutually responsive orientation and children's moral emotion, conduct, and cognitionGrazyna Kochanska
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 1407, USA
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:19-34. 2005..Children's conscience was seen as a complex system encompassing moral emotion (guilt), conduct, and cognition... - Early positive emotionality as a heterogeneous trait: implications for children's self-regulationGrazyna Kochanska
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
J Pers Soc Psychol 93:1054-66. 2007..In both studies, those differential effects were particularly clear for children's effortful control. A view of early PE as having a heterogeneous nature may inform researchers' understanding of its role in the developing personality... - The earliest behavioral expression of focal damage to human prefrontal cortexSteven W Anderson
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Cortex 43:806-16. 2007..These findings indicate that damage to prefrontal cortex in infancy begins to impact on emotional and cognitive development already during the first months of life... - Conscience in childhood: old questions, new answersNazan Aksan
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Dev Psychol 41:506-16. 2005..The structure of conscience was remarkably stable over time. The coherence between Moral Emotion and Rule-Compatible Conduct factors increased as children grew older... - Toddlers' responsive imitation predicts preschool-age conscienceDavid R Forman
University of Minnesota, USA
Psychol Sci 15:699-704. 2004..Results are consistent with the claim that responsive imitation reflects a general receptive stance to parents' guidance, and with both neopsychoanalytic and social cognitive views of imitation's importance in early moral development...
Research Grants
- Developmental Pathways to Antisocial Behavior: A Translational Research ProgramGrazyna Kochanska; Fiscal Year: 2010....
- Developmental Pathways to Antisocial Behavior: A Translational Research ProgramGrazyna Kochanska; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Internalization of Moral Standards in Young ChildrenGrazyna Kochanska; Fiscal Year: 2005..By elucidating adaptive and maladaptive early developmental pathways, this work will enhance the understanding of the nature of early developmental risks, and it will inform effective interventions that may help offset those risks. ..
- Developmental Pathways to Antisocial Behavior: A Translational Research ProgramGrazyna Kochanska; Fiscal Year: 2009....