Ronald Klein

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..To describe the relationship of blood pressure (BP), antihypertensive medication use, and other factors to serial measurements of retinal arteriolar diameters over time in the Beaver Dam Eye Study...

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..Measures of plasma cholesterol (total and HDL), body mass index (BMI), and systolic blood pressure were used from selected calendar years of exams. Familial correlations were calculated using FCOR in S.A.G.E...

..We therefore aimed to investigate the association between the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 polymorphism and retinal microvascular phenotypes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1993-1995)...

..To examine the prevalence of macular telangiectasia type 2 and lesions characterizing it...

..To examine the association of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) with the five-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..To investigate the relationship of subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis...

..To examine the association of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and CVD treatment with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..To describe the 15-year cumulative incidence of signs of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..To describe the associations of lung function and emphysema, measured with spirometry and computed tomography (CT), with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a sample of white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese subjects...

..To describe the change in visual acuity in a 15-year period...

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..To describe retinal vascular caliber and correlates in people with type 2 diabetes...

..To describe the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 4 racial/ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese) that participated in the second examination of the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)...

..To examine the relationship of systemic markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and serum folate level to retinal vessel diameter...

..To investigate the associations of measures of frailty to prevalent age-related maculopathy (ARM)...

..To examine the association of systemic markers of inflammatory disease and endothelial dysfunction with age-related maculopathy (ARM)...

..These data demonstrate a significant association between diabetic retinopathy and preclinical morphologic changes of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients...

..To review the epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

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..To describe the relationship of retinal arteriolar and venular calibers to the long-term incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes...

..To provide an over-view of progress in the epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration...

..To determine the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to examine how retinal drusen, retinal pigmentary abnormalities, and early AMD are related to age, sex, and other risk factors...

..We examined whether retinal vessel diameter in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with changes in subclinical anatomical and functional indicators of diabetic nephropathy...

..To examine the relationship of blood pressure (BP) and use of angiotensin-receptor blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to retinal vessel diameter in normotensive, normoalbuminuric persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus...

..To examine the 25-year cumulative incidence of visual impairment (VI) and its relation to various risk factors...

..To examine relationships of period of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the prevalence of visual impairment (VI)...

..To examine the associations of the serum cystatin C level and chronic kidney disease with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over 15 years...

..To examine the 25-year cumulative incidence of macular edema (ME) and its relation to various risk factors...

..To investigate the relationship of systemic factors to the 15-year cumulative incidence of retinopathy in nondiabetic persons in the Beaver Dam Eye Study...

..To examine relationships of age, period, and birth cohort with the 5-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..To examine the change in size and location of pure geographic atrophy (GA)...

..To examine the association of pulmonary symptoms, disease, and function with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

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..To describe the 15-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion (central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion) and associated risk factors...

..To examine the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, and other racial/ethnic groups...

..To describe the prevalence and 15-year cumulative incidence of and risk factors for reticular drusen...

..To examine the association between smoking and the 15-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..The purpose of the study was to examine changes in the medical management of glycemia in diabetes and its relation to changes in hyperglycemia as measured by glycated hemoglobin...

..To describe the association of retinopathy with atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic risk factors in people with diabetes...

..To investigate the association of ocular disease with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a diabetic population...

..To describe the distribution of retinal vascular characteristics and their correlates in people with type 1 diabetes...

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..To describe the relation of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus...

..To examine the association between cataract and cataract surgery and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM)...

..To examine the relationship of 2 diseases associated with systemic inflammatory response, emphysema and gout, and selected markers of systemic inflammation with the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy...

..To investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy...

..To describe the prevalence of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in blacks and whites and its relation to macrovascular disease and risk factors thereof in a population studied for cardiovascular disease risk factors and outcomes...

..To describe the 10-year decrease in estimated creatinine clearance and the incidence of renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease in a cohort of people with type 1 diabetes...

..To describe the prevalence at baseline and the 5-year incidence of retinal emboli, associated risk factors, and the relationship of retinal emboli at baseline to stroke and ischemic heart disease mortality...

..To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for age-related maculopathy (ARM) in three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans...

..To describe the relationship of age-related maculopathy (ARM) to hearing loss...

..Carotid atherosclerosis has been suggested to be involved in cognitive decline...

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..To determine the 4-year incidence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness and worsening of visual acuity in adult Latinos and Hispanics aged 40 years and older...

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..Although an association was found between signs of white matter disease and early ARM, there was no evidence of an association of ARM with either hypertension or inflammatory factors...

..To investigate the association of use of vitamin, mineral, and nonvitamin nonmineral supplements with common age-related eye diseases...

..To describe how retinal venular diameter changes over time for an individual and to examine differences in these changes among people with different risk profiles...

..We examined the associations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers with long-term hypertension incidence in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus...

..We examined the relationship of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers with the prevalence and incidence of gross proteinuria (GP) in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus...

..The prevalence of olfactory impairment was low in this largely middle-aged cohort, and some factors associated with olfactory impairment are potentially modifiable...

..We sought to describe population and survival characteristics in nonvitamin, nonmineral (NVNM) supplement users in a population-based cohort study...

..To determine the prevalence of retrodots in the lens and the association of these lesions to age-related cataract, and to assess their association with visual impairment and contrast sensitivity...

..To estimate 4-year incidence and progression of early and advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

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..To examine the 25-year cumulative progression and regression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its relation to various risk factors...

..To examine the associations of systemic markers of inflammatory disease and vascular endothelial dysfunction with three types of age-related cataract...

..To study the prevalence and associations of asymptomatic retinal emboli in a cohort of Latinos and to compare these findings with those of previous population studies...

..16-4.99) compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS: The data show an association of smoking and cardiovascular disease with the incidence of retinal emboli. Also, persons with retinal emboli are at increased risk of stroke-related death...

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..Interventions to alter BMI, lipid levels, and blood pressure may decrease incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease...

..Further work on gender-based obstacles to eye care in the Hispanic community may be warranted...

..To investigate the association of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and long-term survival in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes...

..Here, we examine the relation of retinal microvascular abnormalities with cognitive function in middle-aged persons free of stroke...

..80, 1.12-2.89, P = .02) CONCLUSIONS: While controlling for other risk factors, retinopathy in nondiabetic individuals is associated with the incidence of hypertension and, in younger persons, with the incidence of diabetes mellitus...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of glycemic control and exogenous and endogenous insulin levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality (ischemic heart disease and stroke) in an older-onset diabetic population...

..CONCLUSIONS: Visual function is associated with some physical outcomes and limitations 5 years later in middle- to older-aged adults. These associations are likely to be related, in part, to the presence of other medical conditions...

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..Similar associations have been found in previous studies. Hyperopia may be associated with 5-year risk of ocular hypertension, a finding that needs further investigation...

..To estimate the 4-year incidence and progression of lens opacities...

..The observed decreased prevalence has important implications for persons with type 1 diabetes, since retinopathy is a serious microvascular complication...

..05, 2.12) and ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio = 2.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.48, 4.01) mortality. Study results suggest that retinal changes have possible prognostic implications regarding survival of persons without diabetes...

..The observed association between risk of retinopathy and supplement use may reflect nondietary factors or a possible benefit of supplementation...

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..Whether carotid ultrasound and other vascular imaging studies should be performed routinely for all patients with asymptomatic retinal emboli remains uncertain...

..There is a need for further investigation to rule out potential associations in subgroups with low folate status that may not have been detected because of the cross-sectional survey design...

..To examine the cross-sectional relationship between blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and prevalence of open angle glaucoma (OAG) in an adult Latino population...

..Time trends seem to be influencing the incidence of cataract surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Age-related cataracts are common events in aging. Age-specific cataract surgery incidence seems to be increasing...

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..41; 95% CI, 0.12-1.45). CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not suggest an association between statin use and incident ARM over a 5-year period. Further investigation of these relationships in larger studies over a longer period is needed...

..Retinal vascular characteristics were associated with these end points, but this association was confounded by nephropathy...

..To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults 40 years and older in the United States...

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..To study whether the metabolic syndrome is associated with retinopathy independent of the presence of diabetes...

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..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of severe hypoglycemia and smoking in a population-based cohort of individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes...

..insights into the relative contribution of microvascular disease to the pathophysiology and natural history of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease, in representative populations of men and women of diverse ethnicities ..

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..The new data may provide insights into the relative protective value of low levels of these markers on the incidence CKD in an aging population. ..

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..Data from this study will improve the understanding of the association between microvascular characteristics and cardiovascular mortality. ..

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