E A Kellogg

..The two genes thus provide an example of morphological diversification created by gene duplication and changes in regulation...

..The immediate need for EDG is studies of gene expression on a massive scale, far broader than any studies undertaken to date...

..Curiously, only ra2 is widely conserved; to date, ra1 and ra3 have been found only in Andropogoneae. Additional domestication genes that affect the inflorescence have also been cloned from maize, rice, and wheat...

..The genetic variation necessary for morphological change must originate as allelic polymorphism within populations; such polymorphism has been identified in grasses and in sunflowers, although it is often cryptic...

..Phytochrome B, which has been found to affect response to shading in other plants, explains little or no variation. Much variation in branching is explained by QTL that do not have obvious candidate genes from maize or rice...

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..FUL1 and FUL2 appear to have multiple redundant functions in early inflorescence development. We hypothesize that sub-functionalization of FUL2 and interaction of FUL2 with LHS1 could specify lemma and palea identity in the grass floret...

..This suggests distinct and conserved roles for temperate cereal grass VRN1/FUL-like genes, first, in systemic signaling to induce flowering competency, and second, in meristems to activate genes involved in the floral transition...

..These data have allowed us to reconstruct the history of AP1/FUL-like genes in Poaceae and to hypothesize a role for this gene duplication in the evolution of the grass spikelet...

..However, rice and other species of Oryza have a second copy (orthologous to rice MADS17) that appears to be the result of an ancient duplication...

..Although some SEP genes appear to function redundantly, others have novel roles in fruit maturation, floral organ specification and plant architecture, and have played a major role in floral evolution of diverse plants...

..Searches of regions of the sequenced rice genome orthologous to QTL regions on foxtail millet identified a number of transcription factors and hormone pathway genes that may be involved in control of inflorescence branching...

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..We hypothesize that LHS1 may have affected morphological diversification of grass inflorescences by mediating the expression of different floral identity genes in different regions of the floret and spikelet...

..Key in the successful development and implementation of such a standard will be broad participation by developers of phylogenetic analysis software, phylogenetic database developers, practitioners of phylogenomics, and journal editors...

..Primaclade creates an HTML results page that recaps the original alignment, provides a consensus sequence and lists primers for each alignment area, with primers color-coded to reflect the level of degeneracy in the primer...

..In this report, we present a brief description of resources available from the website, changes to the interfaces, data updates, community activities and future enhancement...

..The expression data and morphological analysis suggest that the function of B class genes should be broadly interpreted as required for differentiation of a distinct second floral whorl as opposed to specifying petal identity per se...

..The PSO, as well as contributed gene associations, can be obtained at www.plantontology.org...

..fagifolia and none from H. cordifolia and M. rubrostipulata, which suggests that PCR selection is occurring and/or the presumed functional alleles are located at minor loci (with few ribosomal DNA copies)...

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..These data suggest that LHS1 has multiple roles during spikelet development and may have played a role in the diversification of spikelet morphology...