Research Topics
| A C KalilSummaryAffiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Low-dose steroids for septic shock and severe sepsis: the use of Bayesian statistics to resolve clinical trial controversiesAndre C Kalil
Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
Intensive Care Med 37:420-9. 2011..Low-dose steroids have shown contradictory results in trials and three recent meta-analyses. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of low-dose steroids for severe sepsis and septic shock by Bayesian methodology...- Risk of cytomegalovirus disease in high-risk liver transplant recipients on valganciclovir prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysisAndre C Kalil
Divisions of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
Liver Transpl 18:1440-7. 2012..9-fold increase in the risk of leukopenia. Alternative CMV prophylaxis should be used for liver transplant recipients... - Effectiveness and safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) for severe sepsis: a meta-analysis and metaregressionAndre C Kalil
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Lancet Infect Dis 12:678-86. 2012..We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of use of this drug in the past 10 years and compare them with the original PROWESS results... 
Validation and comparison of clinical prediction rules for invasive candidiasis in intensive care unit patients: a matched case-control studyElizabeth D Hermsen
Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutrition Care, The Nebraska Medical Center, 981090 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 1090, USA
Crit Care 15:R198. 2011..The aims of this study were to validate and compare the Paphitou and Ostrosky-Zeichner clinical prediction rules in ICU patients in a 689-bed academic medical center...
Sepsis and solid organ transplantationA C Kalil
Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Curr Drug Targets 8:533-41. 2007..The recent developments in severe sepsis are discussed in the context of the transplant recipient...- IMPACT trial results should not change current standard of care of 100 days for cytomegalovirus prophylaxisA C Kalil
Infectious Diseases Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Am J Transplant 11:18-21. 2011..Further, based on all available evidence, we consider that another clinical trial to test 200-day CMV prophylaxis is not necessary... - Effectiveness of valganciclovir 900 mg versus 450 mg for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in transplantation: direct and indirect treatment comparison meta-analysisAndre C Kalil
Infectious Diseases Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 5400, USA
Clin Infect Dis 52:313-21. 2011..valganciclovir (VGC) 900 mg is approved for CMV prophylaxis, but it has been associated with 10%-40% leucopenia rate. We hypothesize that VGC 450 mg daily may be as effective as and safer than 900 mg daily... - The importance of detecting cytomegalovirus infections in studies evaluating new therapies for severe sepsisAndre C Kalil
Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Crit Care Med 38:S663-7. 2010..Even randomized trials could have a much higher probability of false-negative rates for a new therapy than designed. Future severe sepsis trials should consider including active cytomegalovirus infection as a prospective covariate... - How many patients with severe sepsis are needed to confirm the efficacy of drotrecogin alfa activated? A Bayesian designAndre C Kalil
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Intensive Care Med 34:1804-11. 2008..g. greater than 0.05, then (2) How many patients will be needed for the DAA confirmatory trial?.. - Why are clinicians not embracing the results from pivotal clinical trials in severe sepsis? A bayesian analysisAndre C Kalil
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
PLoS ONE 3:e2291. 2008..Yet, the adoption of these therapies remains low among clinicians... - Recommendations for the assessment and reporting of multivariable logistic regression in transplantation literatureA C Kalil
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
Am J Transplant 10:1686-94. 2010.... - Linezolid versus vancomycin or teicoplanin for nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysisAndre C Kalil
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Crit Care Med 38:1802-8. 2010..However, clinical superiority has not been demonstrated... - Valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus prevention in solid organ transplant patients: an evidence-based reassessment of safety and efficacyAndre C Kalil
Infectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
PLoS ONE 4:e5512. 2009..The safety and efficacy data have been drawn from a single trial. We hypothesized that valganciclovir may not be as safe as nor more effective than other therapies for CMV prevention... - Preclinical trial of L-arginine monotherapy alone or with N-acetylcysteine in septic shockAndre C Kalil
Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Crit Care Med 34:2719-28. 2006..L-arginine supplementation in sepsis is controversial. Septic shock has been alternatively viewed as an L-arginine-deficient state or as a syndrome caused by excess nitric oxide, an end-product of L-arginine metabolism... - Use of interferon-alpha in patients with West Nile encephalitis: report of 2 casesAndre C Kalil
Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Clin Infect Dis 40:764-6. 2005..To our knowledge, this is the first published report of the use of IFN-alpha to treat WNV encephalitis. Clinical trials are underway to further define the role of this therapy in persons with WNV encephalitis... - Influence of severity of illness on the effects of eritoran tetrasodium (E5564) and on other therapies for severe sepsisAndre C Kalil
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
Shock 36:327-31. 2011..These findings were used to design a phase 3 trial. Similar treatment by severity-of-illness interaction was found in most recent sepsis trials... - Is cefepime safe for clinical use? A Bayesian viewpointAndre C Kalil
Infectious Diseases Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
J Antimicrob Chemother 66:1207-9. 2011..In conclusion, cefepime should be avoided in patients with neutropenic fever or with skin structure infections... - Meta-analysis: the efficacy of strategies to prevent organ disease by cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipientsAndre C Kalil
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 5400, USA
Ann Intern Med 143:870-80. 2005..Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the most common opportunistic viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients, is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality... - Is cytomegalovirus reactivation increasing the mortality of patients with severe sepsis?Andre C Kalil
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985400 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
Crit Care 15:138. 2011..Our updated meta-analysis with approximately 1,000 patients shows that active CMV infection continues to be associated with a significant 81% higher mortality rate than that in critically ill patients without active CMV infection... - L-Arginine supplementation in sepsis: beneficial or harmful?Andre C Kalil
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Curr Opin Crit Care 12:303-8. 2006..Recent results are reviewed on the effects of L-arginine supplements in excess of standard nutritional practices during severe sepsis and septic shock... - Prevalence and mortality associated with cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients in the intensive care unitAndre C Kalil
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Crit Care Med 37:2350-8. 2009..Cytomegalovirus is the most common viral opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. However, recent studies have demonstrated active cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed intensive care unit patients... - Staphylococcus aureus infections after liver transplantationD F Florescu
Infectious Diseases Section, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
Infection 40:263-9. 2012..More data on the risk factors and outcomes after Staphylococcus aureus infections in liver transplantation are needed... - Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cytomegalovirus disease in small bowel transplant recipientsD F Florescu
Infectious Diseases Division, Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Pediatr Transplant 16:294-301. 2012..001). CMV disease in SBT recipients was associated with an 11-fold mortality increase and a fourfold faster time-to-death. Time-to-death was significantly shorter with CMV enteritis... - Clostridium difficile and cytomegalovirus colitis co-infection: search for the hidden 'bug'D F Florescu
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 5400, USA
Transpl Infect Dis 13:411-5. 2011..We describe 2 cases of CMV and C. difficile colitis, and review 7 previously published reports. We aim to raise awareness of possible CMV-C. difficile co-infection, especially in refractory cases of C. difficile colitis... - Seroprevalence of West Nile virus infection in solid organ transplant recipientsA G Freifeld
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
Transpl Infect Dis 12:120-6. 2010..It has been suggested that solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are also at higher risk for WNV NID, but definitive serologic and epidemiologic data are lacking... - The effect of control group selection in the analysis of risk factors for extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. A prospective controlled studyP R P Behar
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Fundacao Faculdade Federal de Ciencias Medicas de Porto Alegre FFFCMPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
J Hosp Infect 68:123-9. 2008..A consistent underestimation of the magnitude of the risk factors is observed when the control group is defined by the non-ESBL-KP-infected patients... - Adenovirus infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipientsDiana F Florescu
Infectious Diseases Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Transplantation 90:198-204. 2010..Adenovirus is commonly isolated from pediatric small bowel transplant recipients, but its clinical consequences remain poorly understood... - Cerebral aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus following orthotopic heart transplantation: case report and review of the literatureDiana F Florescu
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Clin Transplant 23:116-20. 2009..The utility of molecular analysis for the identification of unusual fungal pathogens is also described. The refractory nature of A. ustus to treatment is similar to other Aspergillus species and treatment options are reviewed... - What is the efficacy and safety of colistin for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia? A systematic review and meta-regressionDiana F Florescu
Infectious Diseases Division, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 5400, USA
Clin Infect Dis 54:670-80. 2012..We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of colistin for the treatment of VAP... - West Nile virus-associated encephalitis in recipients of renal and pancreas transplants: case series and literature reviewKadiyala V Ravindra
Department of Surgery, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3285, USA
Clin Infect Dis 38:1257-60. 2004..We also review the literature on West Nile fever in organ transplant recipients. In areas where West Nile virus is endemic, one must have a high index of suspicion for the illness when dealing with fever in transplant recipients... - Enterococcus pneumonia complicated with empyema and lung abscess in an HIV-positive patient. Case report and review of the literatureT Vanschooneveld
Infectious Diseases Section, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Int J STD AIDS 20:659-61. 2009..Our case highlights the rarity of this entity and reviews the risk factors for Enterococcus pleuro-pulmonary infections... - Incidence and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipientsD F Florescu
Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 5400, USA
Transpl Infect Dis 12:497-504. 2010..Data on the incidence, timing, and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplantation (SBT) are lacking... - Effects of prolonged use of azithromycin in patients with cystic fibrosis: a meta-analysisD F Florescu
Infectious Diseases Section, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198 5400, NE, USA
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 22:467-72. 2009..12, 95% CI 1.10, 4.08, p=0.02). Azithromycin improves lung function of CF patients, especially in the subgroup colonized with Pseudomonas. However, nausea and diarrhea are significantly more frequent with azythromycin... - Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients at a large Midwestern university transplant centerA G Freifeld
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198 5400, USA
Transpl Infect Dis 7:109-15. 2005..9%. Histoplasmosis can present as a prolonged febrile illness with subacute pulmonary symptoms in a cohort of SOT patients, despite the absence of a regional outbreak... - Guidelines for evaluation of new fever in critically ill adult patients: 2008 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases Society of AmericaNAOMI P O'GRADY
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Crit Care Med 36:1330-49. 2008..To update the practice parameters for the evaluation of adult patients who develop a new fever in the intensive care unit, for the purpose of guiding clinical practice... - Cytomegalovirus viremia in solid organ transplantation: does the initial viral load correlate with risk factors and outcomes?Josh Levitsky
Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Clin Transplant 22:222-8. 2008..Alternatively, late asymptomatic viremia and recurrent CMV are associated with lower PCR levels and a low likelihood to progress and result in clinical disease... - Chicken pox after pediatric liver transplantationJosh Levitsky
Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Liver Transpl 11:1563-6. 2005..No risk factors were identified. Some cases required prolonged hospitalizations. Close monitoring for the development of late bacterial infections is warranted... - Controlling the trollAndre C Kalil
Ann Intern Med 144:457-8; author reply 458. 2006 - Cryptococcus neoformans in organ transplant recipients: impact of calcineurin-inhibitor agents on mortalityNina Singh
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
J Infect Dis 195:756-64. 2007..Additionally, discerning the basis for transplant type-specific differences in disease severity has implications relevant for yielding further insights into the pathogenesis of C. neoformans infection in transplant recipients... - Calcineurin inhibitor agents interact synergistically with antifungal agents in vitro against Cryptococcus neoformans isolates: correlation with outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosisDimitrios P Kontoyiannis
M D Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030 3930, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:735-8. 2008.... - Antifungal management practices and evolution of infection in organ transplant recipients with cryptococcus neoformans infectionNina Singh
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
Transplantation 80:1033-9. 2005..The risk of relapse and time to recurrence is not known. We assessed antifungal treatment practices for cryptococcosis in a cohort of prospectively followed organ transplant recipients... - An immune reconstitution syndrome-like illness associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipientsNina Singh
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Clin Infect Dis 40:1756-61. 2005..We describe an immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS)-like entity in the course of evolution of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients... - New drugs for rheumatoid arthritisAndre C Kalil
N Engl J Med 351:2659-61; author reply 2659-61. 2004 - Pulmonary cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of serum cryptococcal antigenNina Singh
University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Clin Infect Dis 46:e12-8. 2008..The role of serum cryptococcal antigen in the diagnosis and determinants of antigen positivity in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with pulmonary cryptococcosis has not been fully defined... - Central nervous system cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients: clinical relevance of abnormal neuroimaging findingsNina Singh
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Transplantation 86:647-51. 2008..Prognostic implications of cryptococcal antigen and outcomes associated with central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcal lesions in solid organ transplant recipients have not been fully defined... - Effects of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in human endotoxemiaAndre C Kalil
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Surgery, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
Shock 21:222-9. 2004..These results suggest a novel role for drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the human endotoxin model... - Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsisPhil Barton
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital at Saint Francis, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
Pediatrics 113:7-17. 2004..A large, phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study is ongoing to confirm these results and formally assess the safety and efficacy of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children...