Grace John-Stewart

Summary

Affiliation: University of Washington
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi The role of G protein gene GNB3 C825T polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation
    Jennifer Juno
    Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
    Retrovirology 9:1. 2012
  2. ncbi Uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission interventions in Kenya: health systems are more influential than stigma
    John Kinuthia
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 14:61. 2011
  3. ncbi Maternal SDF1 3'A polymorphism is associated with increased perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    J Virol 74:5736-9. 2000
  4. ncbi When is replacement feeding safe for infants of HIV-infected women?
    Grace C John-Stewart
    University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS Med 4:e30. 2007
  5. ncbi HV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and breast milk HIV-1 transmission
    Grace C John-Stewart
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 199:889-98. 2009
  6. ncbi Breast-feeding and HIV-1 transmission: how risky for how long?
    Grace C John-Stewart
    University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    J Infect Dis 196:1-3. 2007
  7. ncbi Subtype C Is associated with increased vaginal shedding of HIV-1
    Grace C John-Stewart
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 192:492-6. 2005
  8. ncbi CCR5 promoter polymorphisms in a Kenyan perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cohort: association with increased 2-year maternal mortality
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
    J Infect Dis 184:89-92. 2001
  9. ncbi Comparison of techniques for HIV-1 RNA detection and quantitation in cervicovaginal secretions
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26:170-5. 2001
  10. ncbi Correlates of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: association with maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA load, genital HIV-1 DNA shedding, and breast infections
    G C John
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Infect Dis 183:206-212. 2001

Research Grants

  1. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2009
  2. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
  3. Pediatric HIV-1 in Africa: Pathogenesis and Management
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
  4. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
  5. CCR5 and CXCR4 Binding Chemokines and Oral HIV Infection
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2005
  6. HIV-1 Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Breastmilk
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2003
  7. CTLS AND PREVENTION OF BREASTMILK HIV1 TRANSMISSION
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2003
  8. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace C John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2010

Detail Information

Publications146 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi The role of G protein gene GNB3 C825T polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation
    Jennifer Juno
    Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
    Retrovirology 9:1. 2012
    ..Ex vivo immune activation was quantified by flow cytometry, and plasma chemokine levels were assessed by cytokine bead array...
  2. ncbi Uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission interventions in Kenya: health systems are more influential than stigma
    John Kinuthia
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 14:61. 2011
    ....
  3. ncbi Maternal SDF1 3'A polymorphism is associated with increased perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    J Virol 74:5736-9. 2000
    ....
  4. ncbi When is replacement feeding safe for infants of HIV-infected women?
    Grace C John-Stewart
    University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS Med 4:e30. 2007
  5. ncbi HV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and breast milk HIV-1 transmission
    Grace C John-Stewart
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 199:889-98. 2009
    ....
  6. ncbi Breast-feeding and HIV-1 transmission: how risky for how long?
    Grace C John-Stewart
    University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    J Infect Dis 196:1-3. 2007
  7. ncbi Subtype C Is associated with increased vaginal shedding of HIV-1
    Grace C John-Stewart
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 192:492-6. 2005
    ..4-8.8]; P = .006). This relationship held after adjusting for age, CD4 cell count, and plasma HIV-1 RNA load (OR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.1-8.6]; P = .03). These observations suggest that HIV-1 subtype influences mucosal shedding of HIV-1...
  8. ncbi CCR5 promoter polymorphisms in a Kenyan perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 cohort: association with increased 2-year maternal mortality
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
    J Infect Dis 184:89-92. 2001
    ..0-9.5) and a significant increase in vaginal shedding of HIV-1-infected cells (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.3), compared with women with the 59356 C/C genotype...
  9. ncbi Comparison of techniques for HIV-1 RNA detection and quantitation in cervicovaginal secretions
    G C John
    Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 26:170-5. 2001
    ..HIV-1 in female genital secretions has been measured using swabs, Sno Strips (Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL), and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL), but little is known regarding the comparability of these collection techniques...
  10. ncbi Correlates of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: association with maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA load, genital HIV-1 DNA shedding, and breast infections
    G C John
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Infect Dis 183:206-212. 2001
    ..Use of methods that decrease infant exposure to HIV-1 in maternal genital secretions or breast milk may enhance currently recommended perinatal HIV-1 interventions...
  11. ncbi Lower risk of resistance after short-course HAART compared with zidovudine/single-dose nevirapine used for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission
    Dara A Lehman
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 51:522-9. 2009
    ....
  12. ncbi A comparison of genital HIV-1 shedding and sexual risk behavior among Kenyan women based on eligibility for initiation of HAART according to WHO guidelines
    R Scott McClelland
    Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 41:611-5. 2006
    ..Guidelines for initiating antiretrovirals are based on markers of advanced disease and are not directly linked to markers of HIV-1 transmission such as viral shedding...
  13. ncbi Cloning and characterization of functional subtype A HIV-1 envelope variants transmitted through breastfeeding
    Stephanie M J Rainwater
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 0124, USA
    Curr HIV Res 5:189-97. 2007
    ....
  14. ncbi Association of levels of HIV-1-infected breast milk cells and risk of mother-to-child transmission
    Christine M Rousseau
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
    J Infect Dis 190:1880-8. 2004
    ..09; P=.03) and breast milk (HR, 1.01; P=1.00). This suggests that infected BMCs may play a more important role in transmission of HIV via breast-feeding than does cell-free virus...
  15. ncbi Vitamin A supplementation and genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among HIV-1-infected women: a randomized clinical trial
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 189:1466-71. 2004
    ..Vitamin A supplementation is unlikely to decrease HSV shedding and infectivity...
  16. ncbi Maternal HLA homozygosity and mother-child HLA concordance increase the risk of vertical transmission of HIV-1
    Romel D Mackelprang
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 197:1156-61. 2008
    ..Mother-child human leukocyte antigen (HLA) concordance and maternal HLA homozygosity may increase the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) risk by reducing infant immune responses...
  17. ncbi Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:311-7. 2007
    ....
  18. ncbi Micronutrient supplementation increases genital tract shedding of HIV-1 in women: results of a randomized trial
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1657-63. 2004
    ..The potential benefit of micronutrient supplementation in HIV-1-seropositive women should be considered in relation to the potential for increased infectivity...
  19. ncbi A decrease in albumin in early HIV type 1 infection predicts subsequent disease progression
    Susan M Graham
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:1197-200. 2007
    ..0, p = 0.008). Trends for an increased risk of mortality were also seen. A greater decrease in albumin levels accompanying HIV-1 acquisition may be a marker for changes in early infection associated with more rapid disease progression...
  20. ncbi Independent effects of nevirapine prophylaxis and HIV-1 RNA suppression in breast milk on early perinatal HIV-1 transmission
    Michael H Chung
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:472-8. 2007
    ..The mechanism of action of single-dose nevirapine on reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 may involve reduction of maternal HIV-1 or prophylaxis of infants...
  21. ncbi HIV-1 evolution in gag and env is highly correlated but exhibits different relationships with viral load and the immune response
    Anne Piantadosi
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109 1024, USA
    AIDS 23:579-87. 2009
    ..To evaluate relationships between HIV-1 evolution, including immune evasion, and markers of disease progression during chronic infection...
  22. ncbi Comparison of CD4 cell count, viral load, and other markers for the prediction of mortality among HIV-1-infected Kenyan pregnant women
    Elizabeth R Brown
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Infect Dis 199:1292-300. 2009
    ..There are limited data regarding the relative merits of biomarkers as predictors of mortality or time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART)...
  23. ncbi HIV-1 persists in breast milk cells despite antiretroviral treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission
    Dara A Lehman
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    AIDS 22:1475-85. 2008
    ..The effects of short-course antiretrovirals given to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) on temporal patterns of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA in breast milk are not well defined...
  24. ncbi Highly active antiretroviral therapy versus zidovudine/nevirapine effects on early breast milk HIV type-1 Rna: a phase II randomized clinical trial
    Michael H Chung
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    Antivir Ther 13:799-807. 2008
    ..Defining the effect of antiretroviral regimens on breast milk HIV type-1 (HIV-1) levels is useful to inform the rational design of strategies to decrease perinatal HIV-1 transmission...
  25. ncbi Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral loads in Kenyan women, men, and infants during primary and early infection
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington and Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98104, USA
    J Virol 77:7120-3. 2003
    ....
  26. ncbi Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    N Engl J Med 367:399-410. 2012
    ..Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis is a promising approach for preventing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heterosexual populations...
  27. ncbi Breadth of neutralizing antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is affected by factors early in infection but does not influence disease progression
    Anne Piantadosi
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109 1024, USA
    J Virol 83:10269-74. 2009
    ..Thus, a broad NAb response results from a high level of antigenic stimulation early in infection, which likely accounts for prior observations that greater NAb response breadth is associated with a higher viral load later in infection...
  28. ncbi Effect of contraceptive methods on natural history of HIV: studies from the Mombasa cohort
    Jared M Baeten
    University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38:S18-21. 2005
  29. ncbi Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its relationship to infant infection and maternal disease
    Christine M Rousseau
    Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    J Infect Dis 187:741-7. 2003
    ..3-3.0; P<.001). These results indicate that the risk of infant infection from breast-feeding is influenced by breast-milk virus load, which is highest early after delivery...
  30. ncbi HIV-1 disease progression in breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers: a prospective 2-year comparison of T cell subsets, HIV-1 RNA levels, and mortality
    Phelgona A Otieno
    Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 195:220-9. 2007
    ....
  31. ncbi Antiretroviral adherence and development of drug resistance are the strongest predictors of genital HIV-1 shedding among women initiating treatment
    Susan M Graham
    University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 202:1538-42. 2010
    ..04). These results emphasize the importance of adherence to optimize the potential benefits of ART for reducing HIV-1 transmission risk...
  32. ncbi Longitudinal assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon responses during the first year of life in HIV-1-infected infants
    Barbara L Lohman
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Virol 79:8121-30. 2005
    ....
  33. ncbi Maternal human leukocyte antigen A*2301 is associated with increased mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission
    Romel D Mackelprang
    Departments of 1Epidemiology, 2Medicine, 3Global Health, and 4Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 5Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC Frederick, Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland and 6Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 202:1273-7. 2010
    ..26-7.51; P =.01; Pcorr is not significant). That maternal HLA-A*2301 was associated with transmission independent of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels suggests that HLA may alter infectivity through mechanisms other than influencing HIV-1 load...
  34. ncbi Predictors of mortality in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a prospective cohort
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
    BMC Pediatr 10:33. 2010
    ..Among children, early mortality following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains high. It is important to define correlates of mortality in order to improve outcome...
  35. ncbi Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 disease progression among postpartum Kenyan women
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98194 2499, USA
    AIDS 21:749-53. 2007
    ..To assess the immediate and longer-term effects of the use of hormonal contraception on the progression of HIV-1 disease in postpartum women...
  36. ncbi High levels of cervical HIV-1 RNA during early HIV-1 infection
    Ludo Lavreys
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    AIDS 20:2389-90. 2006
    ..43 versus 2.85 log10 copies/swab, P < 0.001). After adjusting for HIV-1-plasma RNA, cervical HIV-1 RNA from 30 days or less after infection was increased by 0.45 log10 copies/swab (P = 0.006)...
  37. ncbi Increased levels of HIV-1-infected cells in endocervical secretions after the luteinizing hormone surge
    Sarah Benki
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 47:529-34. 2008
    ..001) in endocervical specimens. These data suggest that sampling of cell-associated endocervical HIV-1 increases after the periovulatory period, which could result in increased exposure to HIV-1-infected cells during sexual contact...
  38. ncbi Hormonal contraceptive use, herpes simplex virus infection, and risk of HIV-1 acquisition among Kenyan women
    Jared M Baeten
    Seattle HIV Prevention Trials Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 9012 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    AIDS 21:1771-7. 2007
    ..A recent study from Uganda and Zimbabwe found that women using hormonal contraception were at increased risk for HIV-1 if they were seronegative for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), but not if they were HSV-2 seropositive...
  39. ncbi HIV-1 subtype D infection is associated with faster disease progression than subtype A in spite of similar plasma HIV-1 loads
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Infect Dis 195:1177-80. 2007
    ..There were no differences in plasma viral load by HIV-1 subtype during follow-up. HIV-1 subtype D infection is associated with a >2-fold higher risk of death than subtype A infection, in spite of similar plasma HIV-1 loads...
  40. ncbi Quantification of genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in specimens from women with low plasma HIV-1 RNA levels typical of HIV-1 nontransmitters
    Sarah Benki
    Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA, and Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya
    J Clin Microbiol 44:4357-62. 2006
    ..The assay described here can be utilized in future efforts to examine the role of cell-associated HIV-1 in transmission...
  41. ncbi Identification of modifiable factors that affect the genetic diversity of the transmitted HIV-1 population
    Manish Sagar
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    AIDS 18:615-9. 2004
    ..CONCLUSION: The presence of genital tract infections and hormonal contraceptive use at the time of transmission were associated with the acquisition of multiple HIV-1 variants...
  42. ncbi Genital ulceration does not increase HIV-1 shedding in cervical or vaginal secretions of women taking antiretroviral therapy
    Susan M Graham
    University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    Sex Transm Infect 87:114-7. 2011
    ..The effect of GUD on HIV-1 shedding among ART-treated women is not known. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that genital ulcerations increase genital HIV-1-RNA shedding in women receiving ART...
  43. ncbi The effect of hormonal contraception on genital tract shedding of HIV-1
    Chia C Wang
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA
    AIDS 18:205-9. 2004
    ..Our results may have important implications regarding the infectivity of women using hormonal contraception, and highlight the need for epidemiologic studies of transmission rates from women using and not using hormonal contraception...
  44. ncbi Vitamin A deficiency and the acute phase response among HIV-1-infected and -uninfected women in Kenya
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31:243-9. 2002
    ..These results provide possible explanations for the disparity between observational studies and randomized trials of vitamin A for HIV-1 infection...
  45. ncbi Valacyclovir suppressive therapy reduces plasma and breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels during pregnancy and postpartum: a randomized trial
    Alison L Drake
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195 7236, USA
    J Infect Dis 205:366-75. 2012
    ..The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) suppression on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions is unknown...
  46. ncbi Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort analysis
    Deborah Donnell
    Statistical Center for HIV AIDS Research and Prevention and the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    Lancet 375:2092-8. 2010
    ..Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces plasma HIV-1 concentrations. We aimed to assess the effect of ART use by patients infected with HIV-1 on risk of transmission to their uninfected partners...
  47. ncbi Immune responses to measles and tetanus vaccines among Kenyan human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy and revaccination
    Carey Farquhar
    Departments of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:295-9. 2009
    ..We determined the extent to which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) augments vaccine immunity and promotes responses to revaccination...
  48. ncbi Contribution of HIV-1 infection to acquisition of sexually transmitted disease: a 10-year prospective study
    R Scott McClelland
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    J Infect Dis 191:333-8. 2005
    ..Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 susceptibility, but few studies have examined the reciprocal effect of HIV-1 on STD acquisition...
  49. ncbi Association between cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus and HIV-1
    R Scott McClelland
    International AIDS Research and Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    AIDS 16:2425-30. 2002
    ..To investigate the association between the cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and HIV-1...
  50. ncbi Injectable contraceptive use and genital ulcer disease during the early phase of HIV-1 infection increase plasma virus load in women
    Ludo Lavreys
    Department of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 189:303-11. 2004
    ..These findings suggest that, in women, the use of DMPA and the presence of GUD during the early phase of HIV-1 infection may influence the natural course of infection...
  51. ncbi Higher pre-infection vitamin E levels are associated with higher mortality in HIV-1-infected Kenyan women: a prospective study
    Susan M Graham
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
    BMC Infect Dis 7:63. 2007
    ..However, vitamin E supplementation has also been reported to increase CCR5 expression, which could increase HIV-1 replication. We hypothesized that vitamin E levels at HIV-1 acquisition may influence disease progression...
  52. ncbi Predictors of early mortality in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected african children
    Elizabeth M Obimbo
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:536-43. 2004
    ..In resource-poor settings, these predictors may be useful for early identification and treatment of high risk infants...
  53. ncbi Hormonal contraception and risk of cervical infections among HIV-1-seropositive Kenyan women
    Ludo Lavreys
    Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
    AIDS 18:2179-84. 2004
    ..To evaluate the relationship between hormonal contraceptive use and the acquisition of cervical sexually transmitted infections (STI) among HIV-1-infected women...
  54. ncbi Cervicovaginal HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin A detected among HIV-1-exposed seronegative female partners in HIV-1-discordant couples
    Robert Y Choi
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    AIDS 26:2155-63. 2012
    ..We aimed to define the prevalence and correlates of HIV-1-neutralizing IgA from HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN) women in HIV-1-serodiscordant relationships...
  55. ncbi Performance of the integrated management of childhood illness algorithm for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection among African infants
    Lara C Diener
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    AIDS 26:1935-41. 2012
    ..We evaluated the performance of the 2008 WHO IMCI HIV algorithm in a cohort of HIV-exposed Kenyan infants...
  56. ncbi Longitudinal comparison of chemokines in breastmilk early postpartum among HIV-1-infected and uninfected Kenyan women
    Rose Bosire
    Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
    Breastfeed Med 2:129-38. 2007
    ....
  57. ncbi C868T single nucleotide polymorphism and HIV type 1 disease progression among postpartum women in Kenya
    Robert Y Choi
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 28:566-70. 2012
    ..The presence of the C868T polymorphism was not statistically significantly associated with HIV-1 disease progression outcomes in a cohort of postpartum Kenyan women...
  58. ncbi Characterization of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by clade A envelope immunogens derived from early transmitted viruses
    Zane Kraft
    Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
    J Virol 82:5912-21. 2008
    ..Our data also indicate that the development of cross-reactive NAbs against clade A viruses faces similar hurdles to the development of cross-reactive anti-clade B NAbs...
  59. ncbi HIV-1 subtype A envelope variants from early in infection have variable sensitivity to neutralization and to inhibitors of viral entry
    Catherine A Blish
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    AIDS 21:693-702. 2007
    ..An effective HIV-1 vaccine or microbicide must block the transmitted virus variants that initially establish a new infection; consequently, it is critical that such viruses be isolated and characterized...
  60. ncbi Acute HIV infection among Kenyan infants
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    Clin Infect Dis 46:289-95. 2008
    ..Clinical signs and symptoms of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants are not well characterized...
  61. ncbi Infection with multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants is associated with faster disease progression
    Manish Sagar
    Divisions of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    J Virol 77:12921-6. 2003
    ..01) 4 to 24 months after infection compared to women who were infected with a single viral genotype. These studies suggest that early HIV-1 genetic diversity is linked to faster disease progression...
  62. ncbi Pediatric HIV-1 in Kenya: pattern and correlates of viral load and association with mortality
    ELIZABETH MALECHE OBIMBO
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 51:209-15. 2009
    ..There is limited information regarding the pattern and correlates of viral replication in vertically HIV-1-infected children and its role on their outcomes in resource-limited settings...
  63. ncbi Breast-milk infectivity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected mothers
    Barbra A Richardson
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 187:736-40. 2003
    ..The probability of HIV-1 infection per liter of breast milk ingested by an infant is similar in magnitude to the probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 per unprotected sex act in adults...
  64. ncbi Low serum albumin and the acute phase response predict low serum selenium in HIV-1 infected women
    Paul K Drain
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific, A 300 Health Sciences, Box 356340, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
    BMC Infect Dis 6:85. 2006
    ..Low serum selenium has been associated with lower CD4 counts and greater mortality among HIV-1-seropositive individuals, but most studies have not controlled for serum albumin and the presence of an acute phase response...
  65. ncbi High uptake of postpartum hormonal contraception among HIV-1-seropositive women in Kenya
    Jennifer Balkus
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    Sex Transm Dis 34:25-9. 2007
    ..The objectives of this study were to determine patterns of contraceptive utilization among sexually active HIV-1-seropositive women postpartum and to identify correlates of hormonal contraception uptake...
  66. ncbi Prevalence and magnitude of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-specific lymphocyte responses in breast milk from HIV-1-seropositive women
    Barbara L Lohman
    Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 188:1666-74. 2003
    ..These results suggest that CD8+ lymphocytes present in breast milk have the capacity to recognize HIV-1-infected cells and may be selectively transported to breast milk to reduce either viral replication or transmission in breast milk...
  67. ncbi Performance of clinical algorithms for HIV-1 diagnosis and antiretroviral initiation among HIV-1-exposed children aged less than 18 months in Kenya
    Irene Inwani
    Department of Paediatrics, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Box 29720, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 50:492-8. 2009
    ..Ninety percent of HIV-1-infected children live in sub-Saharan Africa. In the absence of diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy, approximately 50% die before 2 years...
  68. ncbi Albendazole treatment of HIV-1 and helminth co-infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    Judd L Walson
    Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    AIDS 22:1601-9. 2008
    ..Several co-infections have been shown to impact the progression of HIV-1 infection. We sought to determine if treatment of helminth co-infection in HIV-1-infected adults impacted markers of HIV-1 disease progression...
  69. ncbi Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing HIVNET 012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine
    Michael H Chung
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    AIDS 19:1415-22. 2005
    ....
  70. ncbi Validation of performance of the gen-probe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load assay with genital swabs and breast milk samples
    Dana DeVange Panteleeff
    Divisions of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    J Clin Microbiol 40:3929-37. 2002
    ....
  71. ncbi Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Gag/Pol/Env vaccines derived from temporal isolates of SIVmne against cognate virus challenge
    Patricia Polacino
    Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    J Med Primatol 36:254-65. 2007
    ..SIVmne170 is a molecular clone isolated from a pig-tailed macaque 170 weeks after inoculation with SIVmneCL8...
  72. ncbi Antiretroviral strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV: striking a balance between efficacy, feasibility, and resistance
    Dara A Lehman
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS Med 6:e1000169. 2009
    ..Dara Lehman and colleagues discuss a randomized trial that found that adding up to a week of twice-daily zidovudine+lamivudine to single-dose nevirapine reduces the risk of resistance in mothers and infants...
  73. ncbi Breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels and female sex are associated with HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants in Kenya
    Carey Farquhar
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
    J Infect Dis 204:1806-10. 2011
    ....
  74. ncbi Empiric deworming to delay HIV disease progression in adults with HIV who are ineligible for initiation of antiretroviral treatment (the HEAT study): a multi-site, randomised trial
    Judd Walson
    University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    Lancet Infect Dis 12:925-32. 2012
    ..We aimed to assess the efficacy of empiric deworming of adults with HIV in delaying HIV disease progression...
  75. ncbi Infant safety during and after maternal valacyclovir therapy in conjunction with antiretroviral HIV-1 prophylaxis in a randomized clinical trial
    Alison L Drake
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 7:e34635. 2012
    ..However, the safety profile of prolonged infant and maternal exposure to acyclovir in the context of antiretrovirals (ARVs) for prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (PMTCT) has not been described...
  76. ncbi Latent tuberculosis detection by interferon γ release assay during pregnancy predicts active tuberculosis and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women and their children
    Sasi Jonnalagadda
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
    J Infect Dis 202:1826-35. 2010
    ..We evaluated the prognostic usefulness of interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) for active tuberculosis and mortality in Kenyan human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women and their infants...
  77. ncbi Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*18 and protection against mother-to-child HIV type 1 transmission
    Carey Farquhar
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:692-7. 2004
    ..HLA B*18 may protect breast-feeding infants against both early and late HIV-1 acquisition, a finding that could have implications for the design and monitoring of HIV-1 vaccines targeting cellular immune responses against HIV-1...
  78. ncbi Prevalence and correlates of helminth co-infection in Kenyan HIV-1 infected adults
    Judd L Walson
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4:e644. 2010
    ..Deworming HIV-1 infected individuals may delay HIV-1 disease progression. It is important to determine the prevalence and correlates of HIV-1/helminth co-infection in helminth-endemic areas...
  79. ncbi Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection occurs despite relatively robust neutralizing antibody responses
    Catherine A Blish
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    J Virol 82:12094-103. 2008
    ..These data indicate that preventing infection by vaccination will likely require broader and more potent NAb responses than those found in HIV-1-infected individuals...
  80. ncbi Comparative immunogenicity of subtype a Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 envelope exhibiting differential exposure of conserved neutralization epitopes
    Catherine A Blish
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109 1024, USA
    J Virol 84:2573-84. 2010
    ....
  81. ncbi Cyclic shedding of HIV-1 RNA in cervical secretions during the menstrual cycle
    Sarah Benki
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    J Infect Dis 189:2192-201. 2004
    ..4). These data support the hypothesis that the level of HIV-1 RNA in cervical secretions is influenced by the menstrual cycle, and they suggest that the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 may increase as menses is approached...
  82. ncbi No evidence for rapid subtype C spread within an epidemic in which multiple subtypes and intersubtype recombinants circulate
    Stephanie Rainwater
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 21:1060-5. 2005
    ..This latter finding suggests that reinfection may have occurred in high-risk groups early in the epidemic, leading to intersubtype recombinant viruses that underwent secondary spread...
  83. ncbi Estimating the impact of plasma HIV-1 RNA reductions on heterosexual HIV-1 transmission risk
    Jairam R Lingappa
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 5:e12598. 2010
    ....
  84. ncbi Characteristics of HIV-1 serodiscordant couples enrolled in a clinical trial of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention
    Andrew Mujugira
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 6:e25828. 2011
    ..We describe the trial design and characteristics of the study cohort...
  85. ncbi Increased risk of HIV-1 transmission in pregnancy: a prospective study among African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples
    Nelly R Mugo
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
    AIDS 25:1887-95. 2011
    ..Prospective studies exploring pregnancy and HIV-1 acquisition risk in women have found inconsistent results. No study has explored the effect of pregnancy on HIV-1 transmission risk from HIV-1-infected women to male partners...
  86. ncbi Neutralization escape variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are transmitted from mother to infant
    Xueling Wu
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
    J Virol 80:835-44. 2006
    ....
  87. ncbi Illness during pregnancy and bacterial vaginosis are associated with in-utero HIV-1 transmission
    Carey Farquhar
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    AIDS 24:153-5. 2010
    ..0-7.0) after adjusting for maternal HIV-1 viral load. Interventions targeting these novel risk factors could lead to more effective prevention of transmission during pregnancy...
  88. ncbi Domestic violence and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
    James N Kiarie
    Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 3085 00506, Nairobi, Kenya
    AIDS 20:1763-9. 2006
    ..To determine the prevalence of life-time domestic violence by the current partner before HIV-1 testing, its impact on the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and frequency after testing...
  89. ncbi Breast milk cellular HIV-specific interferon γ responses are associated with protection from peripartum HIV transmission
    Barbara Lohman-Payne
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
    AIDS 26:2007-16. 2012
    ..This study aimed to investigate the role of HIV-specific breast milk cells in preventing infant HIV infection...
  90. ncbi A prospective study of contraceptive use among African women in HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships
    Renee Heffron
    Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
    Sex Transm Dis 37:621-8. 2010
    ..Few studies have explored contraceptive use in HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, a population at high risk for HIV-1 transmission...
  91. ncbi Short-term effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and viral turnover in these compartments
    Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Virol 77:7702-5. 2003
    ..001). Defining the short-term effect of zidovudine on plasma and genital HIV-1 is important for improving perinatal HIV-1 interventions...
  92. ncbi High maternal HIV-1 viral load during pregnancy is associated with reduced placental transfer of measles IgG antibody
    Carey Farquhar
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40:494-7. 2005
    ..As a result, infants born to women with HIV-1 infection may not acquire adequate passive immunity in utero and this could contribute to high infant morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population...
  93. ncbi The breadth and potency of passively acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific neutralizing antibodies do not correlate with the risk of infant infection
    John B Lynch
    Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 1024, USA
    J Virol 85:5252-61. 2011
    ....
  94. ncbi Breast-feeding and Transmission of HIV-1
    Grace John-Stewart
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA
    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 35:196-202. 2004
    ..Innate and acquired immune factors may act most effectively in combination to prevent primary HIV-1 infection by breast milk...
  95. ncbi Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing HIVA antigen stimulates HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells in ELISpot assays of HIV-1 exposed infants
    Jennifer A Slyker
    Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
    Vaccine 23:4711-9. 2005
    ..These results demonstrate the relevance of HIV-1 clade A consensus-derived immunogen HIVA for the viruses currently circulating in Nairobi...
  96. ncbi Genital HIV-1 RNA predicts risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission
    Jared M Baeten
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Sci Transl Med 3:77ra29. 2011
    ..These data suggest that HIV-1 RNA in genital secretions could be used as a marker of HIV-1 sexual transmission risk...
  97. ncbi Incidence and correlates of HIV-1 RNA detection in the breast milk of women receiving HAART for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission
    Jennifer A Slyker
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 7:e29777. 2012
    ..The incidence and correlates of breast milk HIV-1 RNA detection were determined in intensively sampled women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission...
  98. ncbi Herpes simplex virus type 2, genital ulcers and HIV-1 disease progression in postpartum women
    Alison C Roxby
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
    PLoS ONE 6:e19947. 2011
    ..The impact of HSV-2 on clinical outcomes among HIV-1 infected pregnant women is unclear...
  99. ncbi Medication diaries do not improve outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kenyan children: a randomized clinical trial
    Dalton C Wamalwa
    Department of Paediatrics University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
    J Int AIDS Soc 12:8. 2009
    ..abstract:..
  100. ncbi Evaluation of a single round polymerase chain reaction assay using dried blood spots for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants in an African setting
    Bhavna H Chohan
    Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, off Ngong Road, Nairobi, Box 19767 00202, Kenya
    BMC Pediatr 11:18. 2011
    ....
  101. ncbi Treatment of helminth co-infection in individuals with HIV-1: A systematic review of the literature
    Judd L Walson
    Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1:e102. 2007
    ..Some observational studies suggest that helminth infection may adversely affect HIV-1 progression. We sought to evaluate existing evidence on whether treatment of helminth infection impacts HIV-1 progression...

Research Grants16

  1. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..This combination of studies will provide critical information for improving pediatric HAART strategies in high HIV-1 seroprevalence regions. ..
  2. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This combination of studies will provide critical information for improving pediatric HAART strategies in high HIV-1 seroprevalence regions. ..
  3. Pediatric HIV-1 in Africa: Pathogenesis and Management
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..Currently, about 90% of HIV-1 infected children worldwide reside in Africa. The proposed studies will be relevant to pediatric HIV-1 treatment programs and will contribute to improved health-care and child survival in Africa. ..
  4. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..This combination of studies will provide critical information for improving pediatric HAART strategies in high HIV-1 seroprevalence regions. ..
  5. CCR5 and CXCR4 Binding Chemokines and Oral HIV Infection
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..abstract_text> ..
  6. HIV-1 Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Breastmilk
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..The resulting findings will be relevant to development of vaccines for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. ..
  7. CTLS AND PREVENTION OF BREASTMILK HIV1 TRANSMISSION
    Grace John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Demonstration of a protective effect of CTLs on breast milk transmission will be specifically relevant to prevention of breast milk transmission of HIV-1 and to HIV-1 vaccine development in general. ..
  8. Optimizing pediatric HIV-1 therapy
    Grace C John Stewart; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..This combination of studies will provide critical information for improving pediatric HAART strategies in high HIV-1 seroprevalence regions. ..