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..Of these three, assortative mating is often the least important, even though this mechanism is the most frequently cited explanation for the efficacy of the high dose-refuge strategy...

..Thus, PCD is a statistically powerful metric that separates the effects of environmental drivers on compositional versus phylogenetic components of community structure...

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..While fitting ARMA models to ecological time series with complex dynamics has challenges, these challenges can be surmounted, making ARMA a useful and broadly applicable approach...

..Therefore the high-amplitude, irregular fluctuations in midge densities generated by alternative dynamical states dominate much of the ecology of the lake...

..This shifts attention away from diversity-stability relationships toward the multiple factors, including diversity, that dictate the stability of ecosystems...

..We illustrate these methods with examples and simulations and provide Matlab programs...

..We illustrate these techniques using a food web comprising species of parasitoids, leaf-mining moths, and their host plants...

..Although at first encounter these techniques might seem complicated, they have the power to simplify ecological research by making more types of data and experimental designs open to statistical evaluation...

..This unpredictability argues for 'whole-ecosystem' approaches to biodiversity conservation, as seemingly insignificant species may become important after other species go extinct...

..Using an analytical model, we showed that the underlying mechanisms for this phenomenon are general, suggesting that a large effect of dispersal on mean population densities is possible in many natural systems...

..This suggests that density-independent aggregation may have the greatest potential to facilitate the coexistence of specialize parasitoids using the same host...

..It appears that postmating isolation has broken down, allowing hybrids to persist and contributing to the collapse of the species pair...

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..Our results illustrate how ecological and evolutionary complexities should be incorporated into predictions of the consequences of environmental change for species' populations...

..Thus, both phylogenetic attraction, driven by environmental filtering, and phylogenetic repulsion, possibly caused by competition, simultaneously occur and obscure one another in the overall phylogenetic structure of sunfish communities...

..It also highlights the importance of local processes, as opposed to immigration, in determining the abundance and dynamics of microbes on surfaces in terrestrial systems...

..Thus, understanding the population dynamics of species in a food web requires explicit attention to the correlation structure of environmental factors affecting all species...

..These findings suggest that the spread of crop genes in wild populations should be monitored more closely...

..In contrast to current concern about phenological mismatches disrupting plant-pollinator mutualisms, mismatches at the onset of flowering are not occurring for most of our study species...

..This result provides an example in which the population dynamics of single species can be understood only in the context of interactions within an ecological community...

..e., a reduced spare capacity)...

..Therefore, biodiversity may increase community stability by promoting diversity among species in their responses to environmental fluctuations, but increasing the number and strength of competitive interactions has little effect...

..Our study suggests that for even relatively simple organisms, learned behaviors may be important for explaining the population dynamics of their hosts...

..This suggests that persistent differences in habitat (leaf) quality are primarily responsible for the variation in A. pullulans density among leaves in nature...

..connexa abundance. It also demonstrates that E. connexa dynamics are remarkably simple, and aside from the 4% of unexplained variance in per capita population growth rates, our understanding of E. connexa dynamics is remarkably complete...

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..Our results suggest that the effects of algal diversity on primary production change in a predictable sequence through successional time...

..obscura data may be limited by low statistical power...